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diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/Makefile b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/Makefile index 82f1285..0a3979e 100644 --- a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/Makefile +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/Makefile @@ -3,8 +3,44 @@ # # (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule # -all: dreieck.pdf +all: complexbasis.pdf homocycles.pdf homoboundaries.pdf homoclasses.pdf \ + gausshomoex.pdf gausshomobasis.pdf dreieck.pdf polyeder.pdf \ + approximation.pdf tetraeder.pdf dreieck.pdf: dreieck.tex pdflatex dreieck.tex +polyeder.pdf: polyeder.tex + pdflatex polyeder.tex + +gausshomobasis.pdf: gausshomobasis.tex + pdflatex gausshomobasis.tex + +gausshomoex.pdf: gausshomoex.tex + pdflatex gausshomoex.tex + +homocycles.pdf: homocycles.tex + pdflatex homocycles.tex + +homoboundaries.pdf: homoboundaries.tex + pdflatex homoboundaries.tex + +homoclasses.pdf: homoclasses.tex + pdflatex homoclasses.tex + +complexbasis.pdf: complexbasis.tex + pdflatex complexbasis.tex + +approximation.pdf: approximation.tex approx.tex + pdflatex approximation.tex + +approx.tex: approx.m + octave approx.m + +tetraeder.png: tetraeder.pov + povray +A0.1 -W1920 -H1080 -O$@ $< +tetraeder.jpg: tetraeder.png Makefile + convert -extract 1080x1080+520 tetraeder.png tetraeder.jpg +tetraeder.pdf: tetraeder.tex tetraeder.jpg + pdflatex tetraeder.tex + diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/approx.m b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/approx.m new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0db41c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/approx.m @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +# +# approx.m +# +# (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +# +x = zeros(7,7); +y = zeros(7,7); + +s = 1.05; + +for i = (1:7) + winkel = (i-1) * 8.333333 + 20; + for j = (1:7) + radius = (j-1) * 0.5 + 3; + x(i,j) = 1.05 * radius * cosd(winkel); + y(i,j) = 1.05 * radius * sind(winkel); + endfor +endfor + +X = x; +Y = y; +for i = (1:7) + for j = (1:7) + X(i,j) = round(2 * x(i,j)) / 2; + Y(i,j) = round(2 * y(i,j)) / 2; + endfor +endfor + +fn = fopen("approx.tex", "w"); + + +for i = (1:6) + for j = (1:6) + winkel = (i-1+0.6666) * 8.33333 + 20; + radius = (j-1+0.3333) * 0.5 + 3; + fprintf(fn, "\\definecolor{mycolor}{rgb}{%.2f,%.2f,%.2f};\n", + (winkel - 20) / 50, 0.8, (radius-3)/3); + fprintf(fn, "\\fill[color=mycolor] (%.3f,%.3f) -- (%.3f,%.3f) -- (%.3f,%.3f) -- cycle;\n", + X(i,j), Y(i,j), + X(i+1,j+1), Y(i+1,j+1), + X(i+1,j), Y(i+1,j)); + winkel = (i-1+0.3333) * 8.33333 + 20; + radius = (j-1+0.6666) * 0.5 + 3; + fprintf(fn, "\\definecolor{mycolor}{rgb}{%.2f,%.2f,%.2f};\n", + (winkel - 20) / 50, 0.8, (radius-3)/3); + fprintf(fn, "\\fill[color=mycolor] (%.3f,%.3f) -- (%.3f,%.3f) -- (%.3f,%.3f) -- cycle;\n", + X(i,j), Y(i,j), + X(i,j+1), Y(i,j+1), + X(i+1,j+1), Y(i+1,j+1)); + endfor +endfor + +linewidth = 0.4; + +fprintf(fn, "\\gitter\n"); + +for i = (1:7) + for j = (1:6) + fprintf(fn, "\\draw[color=darkred,line width=%.1fpt] (%.3f,%.3f) -- (%.3f,%.3f);\n", linewidth, + X(i,j), Y(i,j), X(i,j+1), Y(i,j+1)); + endfor +endfor +for i = (1:6) + for j = (1:7) + fprintf(fn, "\\draw[color=darkred,line width=%.1fpt] (%.3f,%.3f) -- (%.3f,%.3f);\n", linewidth, + X(i,j), Y(i,j), X(i+1,j), Y(i+1,j)); + endfor +endfor +for i = (1:6) + for j = (1:6) + fprintf(fn, "\\draw[color=darkred,line width=%.1fpt] (%.3f,%.3f) -- (%.3f,%.3f);\n", linewidth, + X(i,j), Y(i,j), X(i+1,j+1), Y(i+1,j+1)); + endfor +endfor + +fclose(fn) + diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/approximation.pdf b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/approximation.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8bdd2e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/approximation.pdf diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/approximation.tex b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/approximation.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..042f0e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/approximation.tex @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +% +% approximation.tex -- Approximation einer Abbildung durch eine simpliziale +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\documentclass[tikz]{standalone} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{csvsimple} +\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math} +\begin{document} +\def\skala{1.3} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala] + +\definecolor{darkred}{rgb}{0.8,0,0} +\definecolor{darkred}{rgb}{0,0,0} + +\def\gitter{ + \foreach \x in {1,1.5,...,6}{ + \draw[color=gray] (\x,1) -- (\x,6); + \draw[color=gray] (1,\x) -- (6,\x); + } +} + +\def\s{1.05} + +\def\colorsector{ + \foreach \r in {3,3.2,...,5.8}{ + \foreach \a in {20,...,69}{ + \pgfmathparse{(\a-20)/50} + \xdef\rot{\pgfmathresult} + \pgfmathparse{(\r-3)/3} + \xdef\blau{\pgfmathresult} + \definecolor{mycolor}{rgb}{\rot,0.8,\blau} + \fill[color=mycolor] + (\a:{\s*\r}) -- (\a:{\s*(\r+0.2)}) -- ({\a+1}:{\s*(\r+0.2)}) -- ({\a+1}:{\s*\r}) -- cycle; + } + } +} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm] +\colorsector +\gitter +\foreach \r in {3,3.5,...,6.0}{ + \draw[color=black,line width=0.4pt] (20:{\s*\r}) arc (20:70:{\s*\r}); +} +\foreach \a in {20,28.3333,...,70}{ + \draw[color=black,line width=0.4pt] (\a:{\s*3}) -- (\a:{\s*6}); +} +\begin{scope} +\clip (20:{\s*3}) -- (20:{\s*6}) arc (20:70:{\s*6}) -- (70:{\s*3}); +\foreach \a in {-5,...,5}{ + \draw[color=black,line width=0.4pt] + plot[domain={20+8.33333*\a}:{70+8.3333*\a},samples=100] + (\x:{\s*(3+3*(\x-(20+8.3333*\a))/50)}); +} +\end{scope} + +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=5.5cm] +\input{approx.tex} +\end{scope} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/complexbasis.pdf b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/complexbasis.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ff6709 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/complexbasis.pdf diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/complexbasis.tex b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/complexbasis.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bab89d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/complexbasis.tex @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +% +% complexbasis.tex -- template for standalon tikz images +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\documentclass[tikz]{standalone} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{csvsimple} +\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math} +\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing} +\begin{document} +\def\skala{1} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala] + +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} + +\def\s{0.5} +\def\h{0.02} + +\def\rechteck#1#2#3{ + \fill[color=#3!20,rounded corners=2pt] + ({-\s+\h},{(2*(#1)-1)*\s+\h}) + rectangle + ({\s-\h},{(2*(#2)+1)*\s-\h}); + \draw[color=#3,rounded corners=2pt] + ({-\s+\h},{(2*(#1)-1)*\s+\h}) + rectangle + ({\s-\h},{(2*(#2)+1)*\s-\h}); + \foreach \y in {{#1},...,{#2}}{ + \fill[color=#3] (0,{2*\y*\s}) circle[radius=0.05]; + } +} +\def\Rechteck#1#2{ + \draw[rounded corners=3pt] + ({-\s-\h},{(2*(#1)-1)*\s-\h}) + rectangle + ({\s+\h},{(2*(#2)+1)*\s+\h}); +} + +\def\abbildung#1#2#3#4{ + \fill[color=gray!20] + ({\s+\h},{(2*(#1)+1)*\s}) + -- + ({3.5-\s-\h},{-\s}) + -- + ({3.5-\s-\h},{(2*(#3)+1)*\s}) + -- + ({\s+\h},{(2*(#1)+1)*\s}) + -- + cycle; + \fill[color=gray!40] + ({\s+\h},{(2*(#1+1)-1)*\s}) + -- + ({3.5-\s-\h},{(2*(#3+1)-1)*\s}) + -- + ({3.5-\s-\h},{(2*(#4)+1)*\s}) + -- + ({\s+\h},{(2*(#2)+1)*\s}) + -- + cycle; + \draw[<-,color=gray] + ({\s+\h},{(2*(#1+1)-1)*\s}) + -- + ({3.5-\s-\h},{(2*(#3+1)-1)*\s}); + \draw[->,color=gray] + ({3.5-\s-\h},{(2*(#4)+1)*\s}) + -- + ({\s+\h},{(2*(#2)+1)*\s}); + \draw[<-,color=gray!40] + ({\s+\h},{(2*(#1)+1)*\s}) + -- + ({3.5-\s-\h},{-\s}); +} + +\clip ({-3.5-1.7},-1.2) rectangle ({7+1.7},11.7); + +\begin{scope}[xshift=-7cm] + \abbildung{6}{7}{10}{11} +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=-3.5cm] + \abbildung{6}{10}{7}{11} + \rechteck{0}{6}{red} + \rechteck{7}{10}{darkgreen} + \rechteck{11}{11}{blue} + \Rechteck{0}{11} + \node[color=darkgreen] at ({0},{(9*2-1)*\s}) {$B_{k-2\mathstrut}$}; + \node at (1.75,{9*2*\s}) {$\Delta_{k-1}$}; + \node at (1.75,{-\s}) [above] {$\partial_{k-1\mathstrut}$}; + \draw[decorate,decoration={brace,amplitude=4pt}] + ({-\s-0.1},{-\s}) -- ({-\s-0.1},{(2*10+1)*\s}); + \node at ({-\s-0.17},{10*\s}) [left] {$Z_{k-2\mathstrut}$}; + \node at (0,{-\s}) [below] {$C_{k-2\mathstrut}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope} + \abbildung{2}{7}{5}{10} + \rechteck{8}{11}{blue} + \rechteck{3}{7}{darkgreen} + \rechteck{0}{2}{red} + \Rechteck{0}{11} + \node at (0,{-\s}) [below] {$C_{k-1\mathstrut}$}; + \node[color=darkgreen] at ({0},{(5*2-1)*\s}) {$B_{k-1\mathstrut}$}; + \node at (1.75,{6.5*2*\s}) {$\Delta_k$}; + \node at (1.75,{-\s}) [above] {$\partial_{k\mathstrut}$}; + \draw[decorate,decoration={brace,amplitude=4pt}] + ({-\s-0.1},{-\s}) -- ({-\s-0.1},{(2*7+1)*\s}); + \node at ({-\s-0.17},{7*\s}) [left] {$Z_{k-1\mathstrut}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=3.5cm] + \abbildung{3}{5}{5}{7} + \rechteck{6}{10}{blue} + \rechteck{4}{5}{darkgreen} + \rechteck{0}{3}{red} + \Rechteck{0}{10} + \node at (0,{-\s}) [below] {$C_{k\mathstrut}$}; + \node[color=darkgreen] at ({-0.25},{9*\s}) + {$B_{k\mathstrut}$}; + \node[color=darkgreen] at (0.24,{2*4*\s}) {$b_1$}; + \node[color=darkgreen] at (0.24,{2*4.5*\s+0.1}) {$\vdots$}; + \node[color=darkgreen] at (0.24,{2*5*\s}) {$b_r$}; + \node[color=red] at (0.24,{2*0*\s}) {$z_1$}; + \node[color=red] at (0.24,{2*1*\s}) {$z_2$}; + \node[color=red] at (0.24,{2*2*\s+0.1}) {$\vdots$}; + \node[color=red] at (0.24,{2*3*\s}) {$z_l$}; + \node[color=blue] at (0.24,{2*6*\s}) {$c_1$}; + \node[color=blue] at (0.24,{2*7*\s}) {$c_2$}; + \node[color=blue] at (0.24,{2*8*\s}) {$c_3$}; + \node[color=blue] at (0.24,{2*9*\s}) {$\vdots$}; + \node[color=blue] at (0.24,{2*10*\s}) {$c_s$}; + \node at (1.75,{5.5*2*\s}) {$\Delta_{k+1}$}; + \node at (1.75,{-\s}) [above] {$\partial_{k+1\mathstrut}$}; + \draw[decorate,decoration={brace,amplitude=4pt}] + ({-\s-0.1},{-\s}) -- ({-\s-0.1},{(2*5+1)*\s}); + \node at ({-\s-0.17},{5*\s}) [left] {$Z_{k\mathstrut}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=7cm] + \abbildung{0}{5}{4}{8} + \rechteck{5}{7}{blue} + \rechteck{1}{5}{darkgreen} + \rechteck{0}{0}{red} + \Rechteck{0}{7} + \node at (0,{-\s}) [below] {$C_{k+1\mathstrut}$}; + \node[color=darkgreen] at ({0},{(2.0*2+1)*\s}) + {$B_{k+1\mathstrut}$}; + \draw[decorate,decoration={brace,amplitude=4pt}] + ({-\s-0.1},{-\s}) -- ({-\s-0.1},{(2*5+1)*\s}); + \node at ({-\s-0.17},{5*\s}) [left] {$Z_{k+1\mathstrut}$}; +\end{scope} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomobasis.pdf b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomobasis.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..07414bb --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomobasis.pdf diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomobasis.tex b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomobasis.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba21f54 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomobasis.tex @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +% +% gaushomobasis.tex -- Bestimmung einer Basis der Homologiegruppen +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\documentclass[tikz]{standalone} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{csvsimple} +\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math} +\begin{document} +\def\skala{1} +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala] + +\def\s{0.5} +\def\inset{0.05} +\def\w{8} + +\def\zeile#1#2{ + \fill[color=#2] ({0+\inset},{(12-#1)*\s+\inset}) + rectangle ({\w*\s-\inset},{(13-#1)*\s-\inset}); +} +\def\marke#1#2{ +\node at ({0.5*\w*\s},{12.5-#1)*\s}) {$#2\mathstrut$}; +} + +\def\gauss{ +\draw (0,0) rectangle ({\w*\s},{12*\s}); +\draw (0,{7*\s}) -- ({\w*\s},{7*\s}); +} + +\draw[->,color=red,line width=1pt] ({0.1*\s},{(12.5-1)*\s}) + to[out=180,in=90] (-3.6,-2); +\draw[->,color=red,line width=1pt] ({0.1*\s},{(12.5-2)*\s}) + to[out=180,in=90] (-2.2,-2); +\draw[->,color=red,line width=1pt] ({0.1*\s},{(12.5-4)*\s}) + to[out=180,in=90] (-0.7,-2); + +\draw[->,color=darkgreen,line width=1pt] ({0.1*\s},{(12.5-7)*\s}) + to[out=180,in=90] (0.9,-2); +\draw[->,color=darkgreen,line width=1pt] ({0.1*\s},{(12.5-8)*\s}) + to[out=180,in=90] (1.6,-2); +\draw[->,color=darkgreen,line width=1pt] ({(\w-0.1)*\s},{(12.5-12)*\s}) + to[out=0,in=90] (2.6,-2); + +\draw[->,line width=2pt] ({\w*\s+0.1},{6*\s}) -- (5.4,{6*\s}); +\node at ({0.5*(\w*\s+5.5)},{6*\s}) [above] {Gauss}; + +\begin{scope} +\zeile{1}{red!30} +\zeile{2}{red!30} +\zeile{4}{red!30} +\zeile{7}{darkgreen!30} +\zeile{8}{darkgreen!30} +%\zeile{10}{darkgreen!30} +\zeile{12}{darkgreen!30} +\marke{1}{\scriptstyle\partial_{k+1}e_1^{(k+1)}} +\marke{2}{\scriptstyle\partial_{k+1}e_2^{(k+1)}} +\marke{3}{\scriptstyle\partial_{k+1}e_3^{(k+1)}} +\marke{4}{\vdots} +\marke{5}{\scriptstyle\partial_{k+1}e_{n_{k+1}}^{(k+1)}} +\marke{6}{\scriptstyle z_1^{(k)}} +\marke{7}{\scriptstyle z_2^{(k)}} +\marke{8}{\scriptstyle z_3^{(k)}} +\marke{9}{\scriptstyle z_4^{(k)}} +\marke{10}{\vdots} +\marke{11}{\scriptstyle z_{l-1}^{(k)}} +\marke{12}{\scriptstyle z_{l}^{(k)}} +\gauss +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=5.5cm] +\zeile{1}{black!20} +\zeile{2}{black!20} +\zeile{3}{black} +\marke{3}{\color{white}0} +\zeile{4}{black!20} +\zeile{5}{black} +\marke{5}{\color{white}0} +\zeile{6}{black} +\marke{6}{\color{white}0} +\zeile{7}{black!20} +\zeile{8}{black!20} +\zeile{9}{black} +\marke{9}{\color{white}0} +\zeile{10}{black} +\marke{10}{\color{white}0} +\zeile{11}{black} +\marke{11}{\color{white}0} +\zeile{12}{black!20} +\gauss +\end{scope} + +\node at (-4.4,-2) [below right] {$\{ +{\color{red}\partial_{k+1}e_1^{(k+1)}}, +{\color{red}\partial_{k+1}e_2^{(k+1)}}, +{\color{red}\partial_{k+1}e_{i_3}^{(k+1)}},\dots, +{\color{darkgreen}z_2^{(k)}}, +{\color{darkgreen}z_3^{(k)}}, +\dots +{\color{darkgreen}z_l^{(k)}} +\} = {\color{red}\mathcal{B}_k} \cup {\color{darkgreen}\mathcal{Z}_k'}$}; + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomoex.pdf b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomoex.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc0b766 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomoex.pdf diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomoex.tex b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomoex.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df53f70 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/gausshomoex.tex @@ -0,0 +1,120 @@ +% +% gausshomoex.tex -- Beispiel für die Bestimmung einer Basis von H_1 +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\documentclass[tikz]{standalone} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{csvsimple} +\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math} +\begin{document} +\def\skala{1} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala] + +\def\s{2.0} + +\def\punkt#1#2{({((#1)+0.5*(#2))*\s},{(#2)*\s*sqrt(3)/2})} + +\def\knoten#1#2#3{ + \fill[color=white] \punkt{#1}{#2} circle[radius=0.3]; + \node at \punkt{#1}{#2} {$#3$\strut}; + \draw \punkt{#1}{#2} circle[radius=0.3]; +} +\def\dreieck#1#2#3{ + \fill[color=gray] \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2} + -- \punkt{#1}{(#2)+1} -- cycle; + \node at \punkt{#1+0.3333}{#2+0.3333} {$#3$\strut}; + \draw[->,line width=1pt,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] + \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2}; + \draw[->,line width=1pt,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] + \punkt{#1+1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1}{#2+1}; + \draw[->,line width=1pt,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] + \punkt{#1}{#2+1} -- \punkt{#1}{#2}; +} + +\def\Dreieck#1#2#3{ + \fill[color=gray!50] \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2} + -- \punkt{#1+1}{(#2)-1} -- cycle; + \node at \punkt{#1+0.3333}{#2+0.3333} {$#3$\strut}; +} + +\def\kante#1#2#3{ + \fill[color=white,opacity=0.8] \punkt{#1}{#2} circle[radius=0.15]; + \node at \punkt{#1}{#2} {$\scriptstyle #3$}; +} + +\dreieck{0}{0}{1} +\dreieck{1}{0}{2} +\dreieck{2}{0}{3} +\dreieck{3}{0}{4} + +\dreieck{0}{1}{5} +\dreieck{2}{1}{6} + +\dreieck{0}{2}{7} +\dreieck{1}{2}{8} + +\dreieck{0}{3}{9} + + +\knoten{0}{0}{1} +\knoten{1}{0}{2} +\knoten{2}{0}{3} +\knoten{3}{0}{4} +\knoten{4}{0}{5} + +\knoten{0}{1}{6} +\knoten{1}{1}{7} +\knoten{2}{1}{8} +\knoten{3}{1}{9} + +\knoten{0}{2}{10} +\knoten{1}{2}{11} +\knoten{2}{2}{12} + +\knoten{0}{3}{13} +\knoten{1}{3}{14} + +\knoten{0}{4}{15} + +\kante{0.5}{0}{1} +\kante{1.5}{0}{2} +\kante{2.5}{0}{3} +\kante{3.5}{0}{4} + +\kante{0}{0.5}{5} +\kante{0.5}{0.5}{6} +\kante{1}{0.5}{7} +\kante{1.5}{0.5}{8} +\kante{2}{0.5}{9} +\kante{2.5}{0.5}{10} +\kante{3}{0.5}{11} +\kante{3.5}{0.5}{12} + +\kante{0.5}{1}{13} +\kante{2.5}{1}{14} + +\kante{0}{1.5}{15} +\kante{0.5}{1.5}{16} +\kante{2}{1.5}{17} +\kante{2.5}{1.5}{18} + +\kante{0.5}{2}{19} +\kante{1.5}{2}{20} + +\kante{0}{2.5}{21} +\kante{0.5}{2.5}{22} +\kante{1}{2.5}{23} +\kante{1.5}{2.5}{24} + +\kante{0.5}{3}{25} + +\kante{0}{3.5}{26} +\kante{0.5}{3.5}{27} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoboundaries.pdf b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoboundaries.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fb94ec8 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoboundaries.pdf diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoboundaries.tex b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoboundaries.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53087fa --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoboundaries.tex @@ -0,0 +1,115 @@ +% +% tikztemplate.tex -- template for standalon tikz images +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\documentclass[tikz]{standalone} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{csvsimple} +\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math} +\begin{document} +\def\skala{1} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala] + +\def\s{0.55} + +\def\punkt#1#2{({((#1)+0.5*(#2))*\s},{(#2)*\s*sqrt(3)/2})} +\def\A{\punkt{0}{0}} +\def\B{\punkt{1}{0}} +\def\C{\punkt{2}{0}} +\def\D{\punkt{3}{0}} +\def\E{\punkt{4}{0}} +\def\F{\punkt{0}{1}} +\def\G{\punkt{1}{1}} +\def\H{\punkt{2}{1}} +\def\I{\punkt{3}{1}} +\def\J{\punkt{0}{2}} +\def\K{\punkt{1}{2}} +\def\L{\punkt{2}{2}} +\def\M{\punkt{0}{3}} +\def\N{\punkt{1}{3}} +\def\O{\punkt{0}{4}} + +\def\dreieck#1#2#3{ + \fill[color=gray] \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2} + -- \punkt{#1}{(#2)+1} -- cycle; +} + +\def\blau#1#2{ + \draw[color=blue] \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2} + -- \punkt{#1}{(#2)+1} -- cycle; + \draw[->,color=blue] \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2}; +} + +\def\gebiet{ + \dreieck{0}{0}{1} + \dreieck{1}{0}{2} + \dreieck{2}{0}{3} + \dreieck{3}{0}{4} + \dreieck{0}{1}{5} + \dreieck{2}{1}{6} + \dreieck{0}{2}{7} + \dreieck{1}{2}{8} + \dreieck{0}{3}{9} +} + +\begin{scope} +\gebiet +\blau{0}{0} +\node[color=blue] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$\partial_2e_1^{(2)}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=3cm] +\gebiet +\blau{1}{0} +\node[color=blue] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$\partial_2e_2^{(2)}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm] +\gebiet +\blau{2}{0} +\node[color=blue] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$\partial_2e_3^{(2)}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=9cm] +\gebiet +\blau{3}{0} +\node[color=blue] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$\partial_2e_4^{(2)}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=1.5cm,yshift=2.59cm] +\gebiet +\blau{0}{1} +\node[color=blue] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$\partial_2e_5^{(2)}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=7.5cm,yshift=2.59cm] +\gebiet +\blau{2}{1} +\node[color=blue] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$\partial_2e_6^{(2)}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=3cm,yshift=5.19cm] +\gebiet +\blau{0}{2} +\node[color=blue] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$\partial_2e_7^{(2)}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm,yshift=5.19cm] +\gebiet +\blau{1}{2} +\node[color=blue] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$\partial_2e_8^{(2)}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=4.5cm,yshift=7.79cm] +\gebiet +\blau{0}{3} +\node[color=blue] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$\partial_2e_9^{(2)}$}; +\end{scope} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoclasses.pdf b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoclasses.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fbbaedd --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoclasses.pdf diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoclasses.tex b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoclasses.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4467f08 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homoclasses.tex @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +% +% homoclasses.tex -- template for standalon tikz images +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\documentclass[tikz]{standalone} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{csvsimple} +\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math} +\begin{document} +\def\skala{1.4} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala] + +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} +\def\s{0.4} +\def\h{-0.3} + +\def\punkt#1#2{({((#1)+0.5*(#2))*\s},{(#2)*\s*sqrt(3)/2})} +\def\A{\punkt{0}{0}} +\def\B{\punkt{1}{0}} +\def\C{\punkt{2}{0}} +\def\D{\punkt{3}{0}} +\def\E{\punkt{4}{0}} +\def\F{\punkt{0}{1}} +\def\G{\punkt{1}{1}} +\def\H{\punkt{2}{1}} +\def\I{\punkt{3}{1}} +\def\J{\punkt{0}{2}} +\def\K{\punkt{1}{2}} +\def\L{\punkt{2}{2}} +\def\M{\punkt{0}{3}} +\def\N{\punkt{1}{3}} +\def\O{\punkt{0}{4}} + +%\def\knoten#1#2#3{ +% \fill[color=white] \punkt{#1}{#2} circle[radius=0.3]; +% \node at \punkt{#1}{#2} {$#3$\strut}; +% \draw \punkt{#1}{#2} circle[radius=0.3]; +%} +\def\dreieck#1#2#3{ + \fill[color=gray] \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2} + -- \punkt{#1}{(#2)+1} -- cycle; +% \node at \punkt{#1+0.3333}{#2+0.3333} {$#3$\strut}; +% \draw[->,line width=1pt,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] +% \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2}; +% \draw[->,line width=1pt,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] +% \punkt{#1+1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1}{#2+1}; +% \draw[->,line width=1pt,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] +% \punkt{#1}{#2+1} -- \punkt{#1}{#2}; +} + +%\def\Dreieck#1#2#3{ +% \fill[color=gray!50] \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2} +% -- \punkt{#1+1}{(#2)-1} -- cycle; +% \node at \punkt{#1+0.3333}{#2+0.3333} {$#3$\strut}; +%} + +%\def\kante#1#2#3{ +% \fill[color=white,opacity=0.8] \punkt{#1}{#2} circle[radius=0.15]; +% \node at \punkt{#1}{#2} {$\scriptstyle #3$}; +%} + +\def\gebiet{ + \dreieck{0}{0}{1} + \dreieck{1}{0}{2} + \dreieck{2}{0}{3} + \dreieck{3}{0}{4} + \dreieck{0}{1}{5} + \dreieck{2}{1}{6} + \dreieck{0}{2}{7} + \dreieck{1}{2}{8} + \dreieck{0}{3}{9} +} + +\begin{scope} +\gebiet +\draw[color=darkgreen] \B -- \G -- \J -- \F -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=darkgreen] \B -- \G; +\node[color=darkgreen] at ({2*\s},{\h}) {$z_5'$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=2cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=darkgreen] \D -- \I -- \L -- \H -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=darkgreen] \D -- \I; +\node[color=darkgreen] at ({2*\s},{\h}) {$z_6'$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=4cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=darkgreen] \C -- \L -- \N -- \K -- \M -- \J -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=darkgreen] \C -- \L; +\node[color=darkgreen] at ({2*\s},{\h}) {$z_9'$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=darkgreen] \K -- \N -- \O -- \M -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=darkgreen] \K -- \N; +\node[color=darkgreen] at ({2*\s},{\h}) {$z_{12}'$}; +\end{scope} + + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homocycles.pdf b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homocycles.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b68519e --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homocycles.pdf diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homocycles.tex b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homocycles.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f20a0c --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/homocycles.tex @@ -0,0 +1,170 @@ +% +% tikztemplate.tex -- template for standalon tikz images +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\documentclass[tikz]{standalone} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{csvsimple} +\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math} +\begin{document} +\def\skala{1} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala] + +\def\s{0.4} + +\def\punkt#1#2{({((#1)+0.5*(#2))*\s},{(#2)*\s*sqrt(3)/2})} +\def\A{\punkt{0}{0}} +\def\B{\punkt{1}{0}} +\def\C{\punkt{2}{0}} +\def\D{\punkt{3}{0}} +\def\E{\punkt{4}{0}} +\def\F{\punkt{0}{1}} +\def\G{\punkt{1}{1}} +\def\H{\punkt{2}{1}} +\def\I{\punkt{3}{1}} +\def\J{\punkt{0}{2}} +\def\K{\punkt{1}{2}} +\def\L{\punkt{2}{2}} +\def\M{\punkt{0}{3}} +\def\N{\punkt{1}{3}} +\def\O{\punkt{0}{4}} + +%\def\knoten#1#2#3{ +% \fill[color=white] \punkt{#1}{#2} circle[radius=0.3]; +% \node at \punkt{#1}{#2} {$#3$\strut}; +% \draw \punkt{#1}{#2} circle[radius=0.3]; +%} +\def\dreieck#1#2#3{ + \fill[color=gray] \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2} + -- \punkt{#1}{(#2)+1} -- cycle; +% \node at \punkt{#1+0.3333}{#2+0.3333} {$#3$\strut}; +% \draw[->,line width=1pt,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] +% \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2}; +% \draw[->,line width=1pt,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] +% \punkt{#1+1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1}{#2+1}; +% \draw[->,line width=1pt,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] +% \punkt{#1}{#2+1} -- \punkt{#1}{#2}; +} + +%\def\Dreieck#1#2#3{ +% \fill[color=gray!50] \punkt{#1}{#2} -- \punkt{#1+1}{#2} +% -- \punkt{#1+1}{(#2)-1} -- cycle; +% \node at \punkt{#1+0.3333}{#2+0.3333} {$#3$\strut}; +%} + +%\def\kante#1#2#3{ +% \fill[color=white,opacity=0.8] \punkt{#1}{#2} circle[radius=0.15]; +% \node at \punkt{#1}{#2} {$\scriptstyle #3$}; +%} + +\def\gebiet{ + \dreieck{0}{0}{1} + \dreieck{1}{0}{2} + \dreieck{2}{0}{3} + \dreieck{3}{0}{4} + \dreieck{0}{1}{5} + \dreieck{2}{1}{6} + \dreieck{0}{2}{7} + \dreieck{1}{2}{8} + \dreieck{0}{3}{9} +} + +\begin{scope} +\gebiet +\draw[->,color=red] \A -- \B -- \F -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=red] \A -- \B; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_1$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=2cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \B -- \C -- \G -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=red] \B -- \C; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_2$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=4cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \C -- \D -- \H -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=red] \C -- \D; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_3$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \D -- \E -- \I -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=red] \D -- \E; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_4$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=8cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \A -- \B -- \G -- \F -- cycle; +\draw[<-,color=red] \A -- \B; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_5$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=10cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \C -- \D -- \I -- \H -- cycle; +\draw[<-,color=red] \C -- \D; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_6$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=12cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \A -- \B -- \G -- \J -- \F -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=red] \A -- \B; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_7$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm,yshift=-3cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \C -- \D -- \I -- \L -- \H -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=red] \C -- \D; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_8$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=2cm,yshift=-3cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \A -- \B -- \C -- \H -- \L -- \K -- \J -- \F -- cycle; +\draw[<-,color=red] \A -- \B; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_9$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=4cm,yshift=-3cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \J -- \K -- \M -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=red] \J -- \K; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_{10}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm,yshift=-3cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \A -- \B -- \C -- \H -- \L -- \N -- \K -- \J -- \F -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=red] \A -- \B; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_{11}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=8cm,yshift=-3cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \J -- \K -- \N -- \M -- cycle; +\draw[<-,color=red] \J -- \K; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_{12}$}; +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=10cm,yshift=-3cm] +\gebiet +\draw[color=red] \J -- \K -- \N -- \O -- \M -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=red] \J -- \K; +\node[color=red] at ({2*\s},-0.5) {$z_{13}$}; +\end{scope} + + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/polyeder.pdf b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/polyeder.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3a8ba60 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/polyeder.pdf diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/polyeder.tex b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/polyeder.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a900cc --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/polyeder.tex @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +% +% tikztemplate.tex -- template for standalon tikz images +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\documentclass[tikz]{standalone} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{csvsimple} +\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math,calc} +\begin{document} +\def\skala{1} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala] + +% add image content here +\begin{scope}[xshift=-3.5cm,scale=0.5] +\coordinate (A) at (0,0); +\coordinate (B) at (4,0); +\coordinate (C) at (5,-2); +\coordinate (D) at (8,-1); +\coordinate (E) at (7,1); +\coordinate (F) at (7,3); +\coordinate (G) at (1,3); +\coordinate (H) at (5,4); +\coordinate (I) at (9,5); +\coordinate (J) at (4,7); +\coordinate (K) at (-1,9); +\coordinate (L) at (7,11); +\coordinate (M) at (6,-0.5); + +\fill[color=gray,opacity=0.5] (A)--(B)--(H)--(G)--cycle; +\fill[color=gray,opacity=0.5] (G)--(I)--(K)--cycle; +\fill[color=gray,opacity=0.5] (G)--(L)--(K)--cycle; + +\draw (K)--(G)--(A)--(B)--(D); +\draw (C)--(E); +\draw (G)--(I)--(K); +\draw (G)--(L)--(K); +\draw (B)--(H); +\draw (B)--(F); + +\fill (A) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (B) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (C) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (D) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (E) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (F) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (G) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (H) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (I) circle[radius=0.1]; +%\fill (J) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (K) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (L) circle[radius=0.1]; +%\fill (M) circle[radius=0.1]; + +\draw[color=red] (H) circle[radius=0.5]; +\draw[color=red] (J) circle[radius=0.5]; +\draw[color=red] (M) circle[radius=0.5]; +\draw[color=red] ($0.25*(A)+0.25*(B)+0.25*(G)+0.25*(H)$) circle[radius=0.5]; + +\end{scope} + +\begin{scope}[xshift=3.5cm,scale=0.5] +\coordinate (A) at (0,0); +\coordinate (B) at (4,0); +\coordinate (C) at (5,-2); +\coordinate (D) at (8,-1); +\coordinate (E) at (7,1); +\coordinate (F) at (7,3); +\coordinate (G) at (1,3); +\coordinate (H) at (5,4); +\coordinate (I) at (9,5); +\coordinate (J) at (4,7); +\coordinate (K) at (-1,9); +\coordinate (L) at (7,11); +\coordinate (M) at (6,-0.5); + +\fill[color=gray!50] (A)--(B)--(H)--(I)--(J)--(L)--(K)--(G)--cycle; + +\draw (K)--(G)--(A)--(B)--(D); +\draw (C)--(E); +\draw (G)--(I)--(K); +\draw (G)--(L)--(K); +\draw (B)--(H); +\draw (B)--(F); +\draw (H)--(J); +\draw (A)--(H); + +\fill (A) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (B) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (C) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (D) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (E) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (F) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (G) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (H) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (I) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (J) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (K) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (L) circle[radius=0.1]; +\fill (M) circle[radius=0.1]; + +\end{scope} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.jpg b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ec168b --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.jpg diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.pdf b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a57e95 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.pdf diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.pov b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.pov new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b110f96 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.pov @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +// +// tetraeder.pov +// +// (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +// +#version 3.7; +#include "colors.inc" + +global_settings { + assumed_gamma 1 +} + +#declare imagescale = 0.169; +#declare O = <0, 0, 0>; +#declare at = 0.02; + +camera { + location <-2, 3, -10> + look_at <0, 0.18, 0> + right 16/9 * x * imagescale + up y * imagescale +} + +//light_source { +// <-14, 20, -50> color White +// area_light <1,0,0> <0,0,1>, 10, 10 +// adaptive 1 +// jitter +//} + +light_source { + <-41, 20, -20> color White + area_light <1,0,0> <0,0,1>, 10, 10 + adaptive 1 + jitter +} + +sky_sphere { + pigment { + color rgb<1,1,1> + } +} + +#declare v1 = <1,1,1>; +#declare v2 = <-1,1,-1>; +#declare farbe = rgbf<0.8,0.8,1.0,0.5>; + +#declare tetraederwinkel = acos(vdot(v1,v2)/(vlength(v1)*vlength(v2))); + +#declare O = < 0, 0, 0 >; +#declare A = < 0, 1, 0 >; +#declare B = < sin(tetraederwinkel), cos(tetraederwinkel), 0>; +#declare C = < sin(tetraederwinkel)*cos(2*pi/3), cos(tetraederwinkel), sin(2*pi/3)>; +#declare D = < sin(tetraederwinkel)*cos(2*pi/3), cos(tetraederwinkel), -sin(2*pi/3)>; + +#macro arrow(from, to, arrowthickness, c) +#declare arrowdirection = vnormalize(to - from); +#declare arrowlength = vlength(to - from); +union { + sphere { + from, 1.0 * arrowthickness + } + cylinder { + from, + from + (arrowlength - 8 * arrowthickness) * arrowdirection, + arrowthickness + } + cone { + from + (arrowlength - 8 * arrowthickness) * arrowdirection, + 2 * arrowthickness, + to - 3 * arrowthickness * arrowdirection, + 0 + } + pigment { + color c + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} +#end + +union { + arrow(B, C, at, White) + arrow(D, C, at, White) + arrow(D, B, at, White) + arrow(B, A, at, White) + arrow(C, A, at, White) + arrow(D, A, at, White) + sphere { A, 4 * at } + sphere { B, 4 * at } + sphere { C, 4 * at } + sphere { D, 4 * at } + pigment { + color White + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} + +mesh { + triangle { A, B, C } + triangle { A, C, D } + triangle { A, D, B } + triangle { B, C, D } + pigment { + color farbe + } +// finish { +// specular 0.9 +// metallic +// } +} diff --git a/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.tex b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e62770f --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/chapters/95-homologie/images/tetraeder.tex @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +% +% tetraeder.tex +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\documentclass[tikz]{standalone} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage{graphics} +\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math,calc} +\usepackage{ifthen} +\begin{document} + +\newboolean{showgrid} +\setboolean{showgrid}{false} +\def\breite{7} +\def\hoehe{4} + +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] + +% Povray Bild +\node at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=8cm]{tetraeder.jpg}}; + +% Gitter +\ifthenelse{\boolean{showgrid}}{ +\draw[step=0.1,line width=0.1pt] (-\breite,-\hoehe) grid (\breite, \hoehe); +\draw[step=0.5,line width=0.4pt] (-\breite,-\hoehe) grid (\breite, \hoehe); +\draw (-\breite,-\hoehe) grid (\breite, \hoehe); +\fill (0,0) circle[radius=0.05]; +}{} + +\def\knoten#1#2{ + %\fill[color=white,opacity=0.5] #1 circle[radius=0.2]; + \node at #1 {$#2$}; +} + +\knoten{(-2.2,-3.6)}{0}; +\knoten{( 3.3,-1.9)}{1}; +\knoten{(-3.4,-1.2)}{2}; +\knoten{(-0.75,3.6)}{3}; + +\def\s{0.2} + +\def\kante#1#2{ + %\fill[color=white,opacity=0.5] #1 circle[radius=0.2]; + \fill[color=white,opacity=0.5] + ($#1+(-\s,-\s)$) -- + ($#1+(+\s,-\s)$) -- + ($#1+(+\s,+\s)$) -- + ($#1+(-\s,+\s)$) -- cycle; + \node at #1 {$#2$}; +} + +\kante{(0.5,-2.8)}{k_0} +\kante{(-2.8,-2.3)}{k_1} +\kante{(-1.4,0)}{k_2} +\kante{(-0.4,-1.55)}{k_3} +\kante{(1.25,0.95)}{k_4} +\kante{(-2.08,1.1)}{k_5} + +\def\r{0.33} + +\def\flaeche#1#2{ + \fill[color=white,opacity=0.5] + ($#1+({-\r*cos(30)},{-\r*sin(30)})$) -- + ($#1+({\r*cos(30)},{-\r*sin(30)})$) -- + ($#1+(0,{\r})$) -- cycle; + \node at #1 {$#2$}; +} + +\flaeche{(-0.7,-5)}{f_0} +\draw (-0.7,-4.7) -- (-0.7,-3.25); +\draw[->,color=black!70] (-0.7,-3.06) -- (-0.7,-2.5); +\flaeche{(0.2,-0.5)}{f_1} +\flaeche{(-2.3,-0.7)}{f_2} +\coordinate (A) at (1,2.6); +\coordinate (B) at (0,1); + +\flaeche{($1.2*(A)-0.2*(B)$)}{f_3} + +\def\t{0.58} +\pgfmathparse{1-\t} +\xdef\T{\pgfmathresult} +\draw (A) -- ($\t*(A)+\T*(B)$); + +\def\t{0.48} +\pgfmathparse{1-\t} +\xdef\T{\pgfmathresult} +\draw[->,color=black!70] ($\t*(A)+\T*(B)$) -- (B); + + +\end{tikzpicture} + +\end{document} + |
