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Diffstat (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex')
-rw-r--r-- | vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex | 290 |
1 files changed, 145 insertions, 145 deletions
diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex index 35d62d8..8931a24 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex @@ -1,145 +1,145 @@ -% -% symmetrien.tex -- Symmetrien -% -% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule -% -\bgroup -\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} -\begin{frame}[t] -\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} -\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} -\frametitle{Symmetrien} -\vspace{-20pt} -\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] -\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} -\begin{block}{Diskrete Symmetrien} -\begin{itemize} -\item<2-> -Ebenen-Spiegelung: -\[ -{\tiny -\begin{pmatrix*}[r] x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} -} -\mapsto -{\tiny -\begin{pmatrix*}[r]-x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} -} -\uncover<4->{\!,\; -\vec{x} -\mapsto -\vec{x} -2 (\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x}) \vec{n} -} -\] -\vspace{-10pt} -\begin{center} -\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] -\def\a{10} -\def\b{50} -\def\r{2} -\coordinate (O) at (0,0); -\coordinate (A) at (\b:\r); -\coordinate (B) at ({180+2*\a-\b}:\r); -\coordinate (C) at ({90+\a}:{\r*cos(90+\a-\b)}); -\coordinate (N) at (\a:2); -\coordinate (D) at (\a:{\r*cos(\b-\a)}); -\uncover<3->{ -\clip (-2.5,-0.45) rectangle (2.5,1.95); - - \fill[color=darkgreen!20] (O) -- ({\a-90}:0.2) arc ({\a-90}:\a:0.2) - -- cycle; - \draw[->,color=darkgreen] (O) -- (N); - \node[color=darkgreen] at (N) [above] {$\vec{n}$}; - - - \fill[color=blue!20] (C) -- ($(C)+(\a:0.2)$) arc (\a:{90+\a}:0.2) - -- cycle; - \fill[color=red] (O) circle[radius=0.06]; - \draw[color=red] ({\a-90}:2) -- ({\a+90}:2); - \fill[color=blue] (C) circle[radius=0.06]; - \draw[color=blue,line width=0.1pt] (A) -- (D); - \node[color=darkgreen] at (D) [below,rotate=\a] - {$(\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{n}$}; - \draw[color=blue,line width=0.5pt] (A)--(B); - - \node[color=blue] at (A) [above right] {$\vec{x}$}; - \node[color=blue] at (B) [above left] {$\vec{x}'$}; - - \node[color=red] at (O) [below left] {$O$}; - - \draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (A); - \draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (B); -} - -\end{tikzpicture} -\end{center} -\vspace{-5pt} -$\vec{n}$ ein Einheitsnormalenvektor auf der Ebene, $|\vec{n}|=1$ -\item<5-> -Punkt-Spiegelung: -\[ -{\tiny -\begin{pmatrix*}[r] x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} -} -\mapsto -- -{\tiny -\begin{pmatrix*}[r]x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} -} -\] -\end{itemize} -\end{block} -\end{column} -\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} -\uncover<6->{% -\begin{block}{Kontinuierliche Symmetrien} -\begin{itemize} -\item<7-> Translation: -\( -\vec{x} \mapsto \vec{x} + \vec{t} -\) -\item<8-> Drehung: -\vspace{-3pt} -\begin{center} -\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] -\def\a{25} -\def\r{1.3} -\coordinate (O) at (0,0); -\begin{scope} -\clip (-1.1,-0.1) rectangle (2.3,2.3); -\draw[color=red] (O) circle[radius=2]; -\fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (0:\r) arc (0:\a:\r) -- cycle; -\fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (90:\r) arc (90:{90+\a}:\r) -- cycle; -\node at ({0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$}; -\node at ({90+0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$}; -\draw[->,color=blue,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (\a:2); -\draw[->,color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- ({90+\a}:2); -\end{scope} -\draw[->] (-1.1,0) -- (2.3,0) coordinate[label={$x$}]; -\draw[->] (0,-0.1) -- (0,2.3) coordinate[label={right:$y$}]; -\end{tikzpicture} -\end{center} -\[ -\uncover<9->{% -\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix} -\mapsto -\begin{pmatrix} -{\color{blue}\cos\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}-\sin\alpha}\\ -{\color{blue}\sin\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}\phantom{-}\cos\alpha} -\end{pmatrix} -\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix} -} -\] -\end{itemize} -\end{block}} -\vspace{-10pt} -\uncover<10->{% -\begin{block}{Definition} -Längen/Winkel bleiben erhalten -\\ -\uncover<11->{% -$\Rightarrow$ $\exists$ Erhaltungsgrösse} -\end{block}} -\end{column} -\end{columns} -\end{frame} -\egroup +%
+% symmetrien.tex -- Symmetrien
+%
+% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule
+%
+\bgroup
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
+\begin{frame}[t]
+\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt}
+\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt}
+\frametitle{Symmetrien}
+\vspace{-20pt}
+\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth]
+\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth}
+\begin{block}{Diskrete Symmetrien}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item<2->
+Ebenen-Spiegelung:
+\[
+{\tiny
+\begin{pmatrix*}[r] x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*}
+}
+\mapsto
+{\tiny
+\begin{pmatrix*}[r]-x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*}
+}
+\uncover<4->{\!,\;
+\vec{x}
+\mapsto
+\vec{x} -2 (\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x}) \vec{n}
+}
+\]
+\vspace{-10pt}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick]
+\def\a{10}
+\def\b{50}
+\def\r{2}
+\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
+\coordinate (A) at (\b:\r);
+\coordinate (B) at ({180+2*\a-\b}:\r);
+\coordinate (C) at ({90+\a}:{\r*cos(90+\a-\b)});
+\coordinate (N) at (\a:2);
+\coordinate (D) at (\a:{\r*cos(\b-\a)});
+\uncover<3->{
+\clip (-2.5,-0.45) rectangle (2.5,1.95);
+
+ \fill[color=darkgreen!20] (O) -- ({\a-90}:0.2) arc ({\a-90}:\a:0.2)
+ -- cycle;
+ \draw[->,color=darkgreen] (O) -- (N);
+ \node[color=darkgreen] at (N) [above] {$\vec{n}$};
+
+
+ \fill[color=blue!20] (C) -- ($(C)+(\a:0.2)$) arc (\a:{90+\a}:0.2)
+ -- cycle;
+ \fill[color=red] (O) circle[radius=0.06];
+ \draw[color=red] ({\a-90}:2) -- ({\a+90}:2);
+ \fill[color=blue] (C) circle[radius=0.06];
+ \draw[color=blue,line width=0.1pt] (A) -- (D);
+ \node[color=darkgreen] at (D) [below,rotate=\a]
+ {$(\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{n}$};
+ \draw[color=blue,line width=0.5pt] (A)--(B);
+
+ \node[color=blue] at (A) [above right] {$\vec{x}$};
+ \node[color=blue] at (B) [above left] {$\vec{x}'$};
+
+ \node[color=red] at (O) [below left] {$O$};
+
+ \draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (A);
+ \draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (B);
+}
+
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
+\vspace{-5pt}
+$\vec{n}$ ein Einheitsnormalenvektor auf der Ebene, $|\vec{n}|=1$
+\item<5->
+Punkt-Spiegelung:
+\[
+{\tiny
+\begin{pmatrix*}[r] x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*}
+}
+\mapsto
+-
+{\tiny
+\begin{pmatrix*}[r]x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*}
+}
+\]
+\end{itemize}
+\end{block}
+\end{column}
+\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth}
+\uncover<6->{%
+\begin{block}{Kontinuierliche Symmetrien}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item<7-> Translation:
+\(
+\vec{x} \mapsto \vec{x} + \vec{t}
+\)
+\item<8-> Drehung:
+\vspace{-3pt}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick]
+\def\a{25}
+\def\r{1.3}
+\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
+\begin{scope}
+\clip (-1.1,-0.1) rectangle (2.3,2.3);
+\draw[color=red] (O) circle[radius=2];
+\fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (0:\r) arc (0:\a:\r) -- cycle;
+\fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (90:\r) arc (90:{90+\a}:\r) -- cycle;
+\node at ({0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$};
+\node at ({90+0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$};
+\draw[->,color=blue,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (\a:2);
+\draw[->,color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- ({90+\a}:2);
+\end{scope}
+\draw[->] (-1.1,0) -- (2.3,0) coordinate[label={$x$}];
+\draw[->] (0,-0.1) -- (0,2.3) coordinate[label={right:$y$}];
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
+\[
+\uncover<9->{%
+\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix}
+\mapsto
+\begin{pmatrix}
+{\color{blue}\cos\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}-\sin\alpha}\\
+{\color{blue}\sin\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}\phantom{-}\cos\alpha}
+\end{pmatrix}
+\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix}
+}
+\]
+\end{itemize}
+\end{block}}
+\vspace{-10pt}
+\uncover<10->{%
+\begin{block}{Definition}
+Längen/Winkel bleiben erhalten
+\\
+\uncover<11->{%
+$\Rightarrow$ $\exists$ Erhaltungsgrösse}
+\end{block}}
+\end{column}
+\end{columns}
+\end{frame}
+\egroup
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