From 2db90bfe4b174570424c408f04000902411d8755 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Joshua Baer Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2021 21:51:55 +0200 Subject: update to current state of book --- vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex | 290 ++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 145 insertions(+), 145 deletions(-) (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex index 35d62d8..8931a24 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex @@ -1,145 +1,145 @@ -% -% symmetrien.tex -- Symmetrien -% -% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule -% -\bgroup -\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} -\begin{frame}[t] -\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} -\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} -\frametitle{Symmetrien} -\vspace{-20pt} -\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] -\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} -\begin{block}{Diskrete Symmetrien} -\begin{itemize} -\item<2-> -Ebenen-Spiegelung: -\[ -{\tiny -\begin{pmatrix*}[r] x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} -} -\mapsto -{\tiny -\begin{pmatrix*}[r]-x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} -} -\uncover<4->{\!,\; -\vec{x} -\mapsto -\vec{x} -2 (\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x}) \vec{n} -} -\] -\vspace{-10pt} -\begin{center} -\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] -\def\a{10} -\def\b{50} -\def\r{2} -\coordinate (O) at (0,0); -\coordinate (A) at (\b:\r); -\coordinate (B) at ({180+2*\a-\b}:\r); -\coordinate (C) at ({90+\a}:{\r*cos(90+\a-\b)}); -\coordinate (N) at (\a:2); -\coordinate (D) at (\a:{\r*cos(\b-\a)}); -\uncover<3->{ -\clip (-2.5,-0.45) rectangle (2.5,1.95); - - \fill[color=darkgreen!20] (O) -- ({\a-90}:0.2) arc ({\a-90}:\a:0.2) - -- cycle; - \draw[->,color=darkgreen] (O) -- (N); - \node[color=darkgreen] at (N) [above] {$\vec{n}$}; - - - \fill[color=blue!20] (C) -- ($(C)+(\a:0.2)$) arc (\a:{90+\a}:0.2) - -- cycle; - \fill[color=red] (O) circle[radius=0.06]; - \draw[color=red] ({\a-90}:2) -- ({\a+90}:2); - \fill[color=blue] (C) circle[radius=0.06]; - \draw[color=blue,line width=0.1pt] (A) -- (D); - \node[color=darkgreen] at (D) [below,rotate=\a] - {$(\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{n}$}; - \draw[color=blue,line width=0.5pt] (A)--(B); - - \node[color=blue] at (A) [above right] {$\vec{x}$}; - \node[color=blue] at (B) [above left] {$\vec{x}'$}; - - \node[color=red] at (O) [below left] {$O$}; - - \draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (A); - \draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (B); -} - -\end{tikzpicture} -\end{center} -\vspace{-5pt} -$\vec{n}$ ein Einheitsnormalenvektor auf der Ebene, $|\vec{n}|=1$ -\item<5-> -Punkt-Spiegelung: -\[ -{\tiny -\begin{pmatrix*}[r] x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} -} -\mapsto -- -{\tiny -\begin{pmatrix*}[r]x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} -} -\] -\end{itemize} -\end{block} -\end{column} -\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} -\uncover<6->{% -\begin{block}{Kontinuierliche Symmetrien} -\begin{itemize} -\item<7-> Translation: -\( -\vec{x} \mapsto \vec{x} + \vec{t} -\) -\item<8-> Drehung: -\vspace{-3pt} -\begin{center} -\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] -\def\a{25} -\def\r{1.3} -\coordinate (O) at (0,0); -\begin{scope} -\clip (-1.1,-0.1) rectangle (2.3,2.3); -\draw[color=red] (O) circle[radius=2]; -\fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (0:\r) arc (0:\a:\r) -- cycle; -\fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (90:\r) arc (90:{90+\a}:\r) -- cycle; -\node at ({0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$}; -\node at ({90+0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$}; -\draw[->,color=blue,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (\a:2); -\draw[->,color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- ({90+\a}:2); -\end{scope} -\draw[->] (-1.1,0) -- (2.3,0) coordinate[label={$x$}]; -\draw[->] (0,-0.1) -- (0,2.3) coordinate[label={right:$y$}]; -\end{tikzpicture} -\end{center} -\[ -\uncover<9->{% -\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix} -\mapsto -\begin{pmatrix} -{\color{blue}\cos\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}-\sin\alpha}\\ -{\color{blue}\sin\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}\phantom{-}\cos\alpha} -\end{pmatrix} -\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix} -} -\] -\end{itemize} -\end{block}} -\vspace{-10pt} -\uncover<10->{% -\begin{block}{Definition} -Längen/Winkel bleiben erhalten -\\ -\uncover<11->{% -$\Rightarrow$ $\exists$ Erhaltungsgrösse} -\end{block}} -\end{column} -\end{columns} -\end{frame} -\egroup +% +% symmetrien.tex -- Symmetrien +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Symmetrien} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Diskrete Symmetrien} +\begin{itemize} +\item<2-> +Ebenen-Spiegelung: +\[ +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix*}[r] x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} +} +\mapsto +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix*}[r]-x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} +} +\uncover<4->{\!,\; +\vec{x} +\mapsto +\vec{x} -2 (\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x}) \vec{n} +} +\] +\vspace{-10pt} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\def\a{10} +\def\b{50} +\def\r{2} +\coordinate (O) at (0,0); +\coordinate (A) at (\b:\r); +\coordinate (B) at ({180+2*\a-\b}:\r); +\coordinate (C) at ({90+\a}:{\r*cos(90+\a-\b)}); +\coordinate (N) at (\a:2); +\coordinate (D) at (\a:{\r*cos(\b-\a)}); +\uncover<3->{ +\clip (-2.5,-0.45) rectangle (2.5,1.95); + + \fill[color=darkgreen!20] (O) -- ({\a-90}:0.2) arc ({\a-90}:\a:0.2) + -- cycle; + \draw[->,color=darkgreen] (O) -- (N); + \node[color=darkgreen] at (N) [above] {$\vec{n}$}; + + + \fill[color=blue!20] (C) -- ($(C)+(\a:0.2)$) arc (\a:{90+\a}:0.2) + -- cycle; + \fill[color=red] (O) circle[radius=0.06]; + \draw[color=red] ({\a-90}:2) -- ({\a+90}:2); + \fill[color=blue] (C) circle[radius=0.06]; + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.1pt] (A) -- (D); + \node[color=darkgreen] at (D) [below,rotate=\a] + {$(\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{n}$}; + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.5pt] (A)--(B); + + \node[color=blue] at (A) [above right] {$\vec{x}$}; + \node[color=blue] at (B) [above left] {$\vec{x}'$}; + + \node[color=red] at (O) [below left] {$O$}; + + \draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (A); + \draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (B); +} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\vspace{-5pt} +$\vec{n}$ ein Einheitsnormalenvektor auf der Ebene, $|\vec{n}|=1$ +\item<5-> +Punkt-Spiegelung: +\[ +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix*}[r] x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} +} +\mapsto +- +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix*}[r]x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} +} +\] +\end{itemize} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<6->{% +\begin{block}{Kontinuierliche Symmetrien} +\begin{itemize} +\item<7-> Translation: +\( +\vec{x} \mapsto \vec{x} + \vec{t} +\) +\item<8-> Drehung: +\vspace{-3pt} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\def\a{25} +\def\r{1.3} +\coordinate (O) at (0,0); +\begin{scope} +\clip (-1.1,-0.1) rectangle (2.3,2.3); +\draw[color=red] (O) circle[radius=2]; +\fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (0:\r) arc (0:\a:\r) -- cycle; +\fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (90:\r) arc (90:{90+\a}:\r) -- cycle; +\node at ({0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$}; +\node at ({90+0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$}; +\draw[->,color=blue,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (\a:2); +\draw[->,color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- ({90+\a}:2); +\end{scope} +\draw[->] (-1.1,0) -- (2.3,0) coordinate[label={$x$}]; +\draw[->] (0,-0.1) -- (0,2.3) coordinate[label={right:$y$}]; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\[ +\uncover<9->{% +\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix} +\mapsto +\begin{pmatrix} +{\color{blue}\cos\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}-\sin\alpha}\\ +{\color{blue}\sin\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}\phantom{-}\cos\alpha} +\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix} +} +\] +\end{itemize} +\end{block}} +\vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<10->{% +\begin{block}{Definition} +Längen/Winkel bleiben erhalten +\\ +\uncover<11->{% +$\Rightarrow$ $\exists$ Erhaltungsgrösse} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1