From 1fb743df08b0734932d510c6b11405d0a2dbbe47 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Sat, 10 Apr 2021 19:57:13 +0200 Subject: new slides --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 20 +++ vorlesungen/slides/7/ableitung.tex | 62 +++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/algebraisch.tex | 105 +++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 17 +++ vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex | 80 +++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex | 113 ++++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex | 87 ++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/kurven.tex | 85 ++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex | 69 ++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex | 44 ++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex | 58 ++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex | 109 +++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/sl2.tex | 216 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex | 133 ++++++++++++++++++ 14 files changed, 1198 insertions(+) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/ableitung.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/algebraisch.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/kurven.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/sl2.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef004ca --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +# +# Makefile.inc -- additional depencencies +# +# (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +# +chapter5 = \ + ../slides/7/symmetrien.tex \ + ../slides/7/algebraisch.tex \ + ../slides/7/parameter.tex \ + ../slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex \ + ../slides/7/sl2.tex \ + ../slides/7/drehung.tex \ + ../slides/7/semi.tex \ + ../slides/7/kurven.tex \ + ../slides/7/einparameter.tex \ + ../slides/7/ableitung.tex \ + ../slides/7/liealgebra.tex \ + ../slides/7/dg.tex \ + ../slides/7/chapter.tex + diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/ableitung.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/ableitung.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b061b9a --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/ableitung.tex @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +% +% ableitung.tex -- Ableitung in der Lie-Gruppe +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Ableitung in der Matrix-Gruppe} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Ableitung in $\operatorname{O}(n)$} +$s \mapsto A(s)\in\operatorname{O}(n)$ +\begin{align*} +I +&= +A(s)^tA(s) +\\ +0 += +\frac{d}{ds} I +&= +\frac{d}{ds} (A(s)^t A(s)) +\\ +&= +\dot{A}(s)^tA(s) + A(s)^t \dot{A}(s) +\intertext{An der Stelle $s=0$, d.~h.~$A(0)=I$} +0 +&= +\dot{A}(0)^t ++ +\dot{A}(0) +\\ +\Leftrightarrow +\qquad +\dot{A}(0)^t &= -\dot{A}(0) +\end{align*} +``Tangentialvektoren'' sind antisymmetrische Matrizen +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Ableitung in $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$} +$s\mapsto A(s)\in\operatorname{SL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ +\begin{align*} +1 &= \det A(t) +\\ +0 += +\frac{d}{dt}1 +&= +\frac{d}{dt} \det A(t) +\intertext{mit dem Entwicklungssatz kann man nachrechnen:} +0&=\operatorname{Spur}\dot{A}(0) +\end{align*} +``Tangentialvektoren'' sind spurlose Matrizen +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/algebraisch.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/algebraisch.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b33566 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/algebraisch.tex @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +% +% algebraisch.tex -- algebraische Definition der Symmetrien +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Erhaltungsgrössen und Algebra} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Längen und Winkel} +Längenmessung mit Skalarprodukt +\begin{align*} +\|\vec{v}\|^2 +&= +\langle \vec{v},\vec{v}\rangle += +\vec{v}\cdot \vec{v} += +\vec{v}^t\vec{v} +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Flächeninhalt/Volumen} +$n$ Vektoren $V=(\vec{v}_1,\dots,\vec{v}_n)$ +\\ +Volumen des Parallelepipeds: $\det V$ +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +% +\vspace{-7pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Längenerhaltende Transformationen} +$A\in\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ +\begin{align*} +\vec{x}^t\vec{y} +&= +(A\vec{x}) +\cdot +(A\vec{y}) += +(A\vec{x})^t +(A\vec{y}) +\\ +\vec{x}^tI\vec{y} +&= +\vec{x}^tA^tA\vec{y} +\Rightarrow I=A^tA +\end{align*} +Begründung: $\vec{e}_i^t B \vec{e}_j = b_{ij}$ +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Volumenerhaltende Transformationen} +$A\in\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ +\begin{align*} +\det(V) +&= +\det(AV) += +\det(A)\det(V) +\\ +1&=\det(A) +\end{align*} +(Produktsatz für Determinante) +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +% +\vspace{-3pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Orthogonale Matrizen} +Längentreue Abbildungen = orthogonale Matrizen: +\[ +O(n) += +\{ +A \in \operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}) +\;|\; +A^tA=I +\} +\] +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{``Spezielle'' Matrizen} +Volumen-/Orientierungserhaltende Transformationen: +\[ +\operatorname{SL}_n(\mathbb R) += +\{ A \in \operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}) \;|\; \det A = 1\} +\] +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} + +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44d46a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +% +% chapter.tex +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswi +% +\folie{7/symmetrien.tex} +\folie{7/algebraisch.tex} +\folie{7/parameter.tex} +\folie{7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex} +\folie{7/sl2.tex} +\folie{7/drehung.tex} +\folie{7/semi.tex} +\folie{7/kurven.tex} +\folie{7/einparameter.tex} +\folie{7/ableitung.tex} +\folie{7/liealgebra.tex} +\folie{7/dg.tex} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36b1ade --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +% +% dg.tex -- Differentialgleichung für die Exponentialabbildung +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Zurück zur Lie-Gruppe} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Tangentialvektor im Punkt $\gamma(t)$} +Ableitung von $\gamma(t)$ an der Stelle $t$: +\begin{align*} +\dot{\gamma}(t) +&= +\frac{d}{d\tau}\gamma(\tau)\bigg|_{\tau=t} +\\ +&= +\frac{d}{ds} +\gamma(t+s) +\bigg|_{s=0} +\\ +&= +\frac{d}{ds} +\gamma(t)\gamma(s) +\bigg|_{s=0} +\\ +&= +\gamma(t) +\frac{d}{ds} +\gamma(s) +\bigg|_{s=0} += +\gamma(t) \dot{\gamma}(0) +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\vspace{-10pt} +\begin{block}{Differentialgleichung} +\vspace{-10pt} +\[ +\dot{\gamma}(t) = \gamma(t) A +\quad +\text{mit} +\quad +A=\dot{\gamma}(0)\in LG +\] +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.50\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Lösung} +Exponentialfunktion +\[ +\exp\colon LG\to G : A \mapsto \exp(At) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{t^k}{k!}A^k +\] +\end{block} +\vspace{-5pt} +\begin{block}{Kontrolle: Tangentialvektor berechnen} +\vspace{-10pt} +\begin{align*} +\frac{d}{dt}e^{At} +&= +\sum_{k=1}^\infty A^k \frac{d}{dt} t^{k}{k!} +\\ +&= +\sum_{k=1}^\infty A^{k-1}\frac{t^{k-1}}{(k-1)!} A +\\ +&= +\sum_{k=0} A^k\frac{t^k}{k!} +A += +e^{At} A +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae0dbe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +% +% drehung.tex -- Drehung aus streckungen +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Drehung aus Streckungen und Scherungen} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.38\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Drehung} +\[ +\operatorname{SO}(2) += +\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R}) \cap \operatorname{O}(2) +\] +\end{block} +\begin{block}{Zusammensetzung} +Eine Drehung muss als Zusammensetzung geschrieben werden können: +\[ +D_{\alpha} += +\begin{pmatrix} +\cos\alpha & -\sin\alpha\\ +\sin\alpha &\phantom{-}\cos\alpha +\end{pmatrix} += +DST +\] +\end{block} +\begin{block}{Beispiel} +\vspace{-12pt} +\[ +D_{60^\circ} += +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix}2&0\\0&\frac12\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix}1&-\frac{\sqrt{3}}4\\0&1\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\\frac{\sqrt{3}}2&1\end{pmatrix} +} +\] +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.58\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Ansatz} +\vspace{-12pt} +\begin{align*} +DST +&= +\begin{pmatrix} +c^{-1}&0\\ + 0 &c +\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix} +1&-s\\ +0&1 +\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix} +1&0\\ +t&1 +\end{pmatrix} +\\ +&= +\begin{pmatrix} +c^{-1}&0\\ + 0 &c +\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix} +-st&-s\\ + t& 1 +\end{pmatrix} +\\ +&= +\begin{pmatrix} +-stc^{-1}&{\color{darkgreen}sc^{-1}}\\ +{\color{blue}ct}&{\color{red}c} +\end{pmatrix} += +\begin{pmatrix} +\cos\alpha & {\color{darkgreen}- \sin\alpha} \\ +{\color{blue}\sin\alpha} & \phantom{-} {\color{red}\cos\alpha} +\end{pmatrix} +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\vspace{-10pt} +\begin{block}{Koeffizientenvergleich} +\vspace{-15pt} +\begin{align*} +{\color{red} c} +&= +{\color{red}\cos\alpha } +&& +& +{\color{blue} +t}&=\rlap{$\displaystyle\frac{\sin\alpha}{c} = \tan\alpha$} \\ +{\color{darkgreen}sc^{-1}}&={\color{darkgreen}-\sin\alpha} +& +&\Rightarrow& +{\color{darkgreen}s}&={\color{darkgreen}-\sin\alpha}\cos\alpha +\\ +{\color{orange} -stc^{-t}} +&= +\rlap{$\sin\alpha\tan\alpha = \cos\alpha \quad $} +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52924bf --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +% +% einparameter.tex -- Einparameter Untergruppen +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Einparameter Untergruppen} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Definition} +Eine Kurve $\gamma\colon \mathbb{R}\to G\subset\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$, +die gleichzeitig eine Untergruppe von $G$ ist mit +\[ +\gamma(t+s) = \gamma(t)\gamma(s)\quad\forall t,s\in\mathbb{R} +\] +\end{block} +\begin{block}{Drehungen} +Drehmatrizen bilden Einparameter- Untergruppen +\begin{align*} +t \mapsto D_{x,t} +&= +\begin{pmatrix} +1&0&0\\ +0&\cos t&-\sin t\\ +0&\sin t& \cos t +\end{pmatrix} +\\ +D_{x,t}D_{x,s} +&= +D_{x,t+s} +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Scherungen in $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$} +\vspace{-12pt} +\[ +\begin{pmatrix} +1&s\\ +0&1 +\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix} +1&t\\ +0&1 +\end{pmatrix} += +\begin{pmatrix} +1&s+t\\ +0&1 +\end{pmatrix} +\] +\end{block} +\vspace{-12pt} +\begin{block}{Skalierungen in $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$} +\vspace{-12pt} +\[ +\begin{pmatrix} +e^s&0\\0&e^{-s} +\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix} +e^t&0\\0&e^{-t} +\end{pmatrix} += +\begin{pmatrix} +e^{t+s}&0\\0&e^{-(t+s)} +\end{pmatrix} +\] +\end{block} +\vspace{-12pt} +\begin{block}{Gemischt} +\vspace{-12pt} +\begin{gather*} +A_t = I \cosh t + \begin{pmatrix}1&a\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}\sinh t +\\ +\text{dank}\quad +\begin{pmatrix}1&s\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}^2 +=I +\end{gather*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/kurven.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/kurven.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..196fa2a --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/kurven.tex @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +% +% kurven.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Kurven und Tangenten} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Kurven} +Kurve in $\mathbb{R}^n$: +\vspace{-12pt} +\[ +\gamma +\colon +I=[a,b] \to \mathbb{R}^n +: +t\mapsto \gamma(t) += +\begin{pmatrix} +x_1(t)\\ +x_2(t)\\ +\vdots\\ +x_n(t) +\end{pmatrix} +\] +\vspace{-15pt} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\coordinate (A) at (1,0.5); +\coordinate (B) at (4,0.5); +\coordinate (C) at (2,2.2); +\coordinate (D) at (5,2); +\coordinate (E) at ($(C)+(80:2)$); + +\draw[color=red,line width=1.4pt] + (A) to[in=-160] (B) to[out=20,in=-100] (C) to[out=80] (D); +\fill[color=red] (C) circle[radius=0.06]; +\node[color=red] at (C) [left] {$\gamma(t)$}; + +\draw[->,color=blue,line width=1.4pt,shorten <= 0.06cm] (C) -- (E); +\node[color=blue] at (E) [right] {$\dot{\gamma}(t)$}; + +\draw[->] (-0.1,0) -- (5.9,0) coordinate[label={$x_1$}]; +\draw[->] (0,-0.1) -- (0,4.3) coordinate[label={right:$x_2$}]; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Tangenten} +Ableitung +\[ +\frac{d}{dt}\gamma(t) += +\dot{\gamma}(t) += +\begin{pmatrix} +\dot{x}_1(t)\\ +\dot{x}_2(t)\\ +\vdots\\ +\dot{x}_n(t) +\end{pmatrix} +\] +Lineare Approximation: +\[ +\gamma(t+h) += +\gamma(t) ++ +\dot{\gamma}(t) \cdot h ++ +o(h) +\] +Sinnvoll, weil sowohl $\gamma(t)$ und $\dot{\gamma}(t)$ +in $\mathbb{R}^n$ liegen +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..16a7aa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +% +% liealgebra.tex -- Lie-Algebra +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Lie-Algebra} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{block}{Vektorraum} +Tangentialvektoren im Punkt $I$: +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{>{$}c<{$}|p{6cm}|>{$}c<{$}} +\text{Lie-Gruppe $G$}&Tangentialvektoren&\text{Lie-Algebra $LG$} \\ +\hline +\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}) +& beliebige Matrizen +& M_n(\mathbb{R}) +\\ +\operatorname{O(n)} +& antisymmetrische Matrizen +& \operatorname{o}(n) +\\ +\operatorname{SL}_n(\mathbb{R}) +& spurlose Matrizen +& \operatorname{sl}_2(\mathbb{R}) +\\ +\operatorname{U(n)} +& antihermitesche Matrizen +& \operatorname{u}(n) +\\ +\operatorname{SU(n)} +& spurlose, antihermitesche Matrizen +& \operatorname{su}(n) +\end{tabular} +\end{center} +\end{block} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.40\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Lie-Klammer} +Kommutator: $[A,B] = AB-BA$ +\end{block} +\begin{block}{Nachprüfen} +$[A,B]\in LG$ +für $A,B\in LG$ +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.56\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Algebraische Eigenschaften} +\begin{itemize} +\item antisymmetrisch: $[A,B]=-[B,A]$ +\item Jacobi-Identität +\[ +[A,[B,C]]+ +[B,[C,A]]+ +[C,[A,B]] += 0 +\] +\end{itemize} +{\usebeamercolor[fg]{title} +Beispiel:} $\mathbb{R}^3$ mit Vektorprodukt $\mathstrut = \operatorname{so}(3)$ +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7809ea5 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +% +% mannigfaltigkeit.tex -- Mannigfaltigkeit +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Mannigfaltigkeit} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../../buch/chapters/60-gruppen/images/karten.pdf} +\end{center} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Definition} +\begin{itemize} +\item Karte: Abbildung $\varphi_\alpha\colon U_\alpha\to\mathbb{R}^n$ +\item differenzierbare Kartenwechsel: Koordinatenumrechnung im Überschneidungsgebiet +\[ +\varphi_\beta\circ\varphi_\alpha^{-1} +\colon +\varphi_\alpha(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta) +\to +\varphi_\beta(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta) +\] +\item Atlas: Menge von Karten, die die ganze Mannigfaltigkeit überdecken +\end{itemize} +\end{block} +\vspace{-7pt} +\begin{block}{Lokal$\mathstrut\cong\mathbb{R}^n$} +Differenzierbare Mannigfaltigkeiten sehen lokal wie $\mathbb{R}^n$ aus +\end{block} +\vspace{-3pt} +\begin{block}{Lie-Gruppe} +Gruppe und Mannigfaltigkeit +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec129bb --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +% +% parameter.tex -- Parametrisierung der Matrizen +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Drehungen Parametrisieren} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.4\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Drehung um Achsen} +\begin{align*} +D_{x,\alpha} +&= +\begin{pmatrix} +1&0&0\\0&\cos\alpha&-\sin\alpha\\0&\sin\alpha&\cos\alpha +\end{pmatrix} +\\ +D_{y,\beta} +&= +\begin{pmatrix} +\cos\beta&0&-\sin\beta\\0&1&0\\\sin\beta&0&\cos\beta +\end{pmatrix} +\\ +D_{z,\gamma} +&= +\begin{pmatrix} +\cos\gamma&-\sin\gamma&0\\\sin\gamma&\cos\gamma&0\\0&0&1 +\end{pmatrix} +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.56\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Drehung um $\vec{\omega}$} +$\omega=|\vec{\omega}|=\mathstrut$Drehwinkel +\\ +$\vec{k}=\vec{\omega}^0=\mathstrut$Drehachse +\[ +\vec{x} +\mapsto +\cos\omega +\vec{x} ++ +(\vec{k}\times\vec{x})\sin\omega ++ +\vec{k}(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{x}) (1-\cos\omega) +\] +XXX TODO: Bild für Rodriguez Formel +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +{\usebeamercolor[fg]{title}Dimension:} $\operatorname{SO}(3)$ ist eine +dreidimensionale Gruppe +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..46f6d03 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +% +% semi.tex -- Beispiele: semidirekte Produkte +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Drehung/Skalierung und Verschiebung} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Skalierung und Verschiebung} +Gruppe $G=\{(e^s,t)\;|\;s,t\in\mathbb{R}\}$ +\\ +Wirkung auf $\mathbb{R}$: +\[ +x\mapsto \underbrace{e^s\cdot x}_{\text{Skalierung}} \mathstrut+ t +\] +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Drehung und Verschiebung} +Gruppe +$G= +\{ (\alpha,\vec{t}) +\;|\; +\alpha\in\mathbb{R},\vec{t}\in\mathbb{R}^2 +\}$ +Wirkung auf $\mathbb{R}^2$: +\[ +\vec{x}\mapsto \underbrace{D_\alpha \vec{x}}_{\text{Drehung}} \mathstrut+ \vec{t} +\] +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\vspace{-15pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Verknüpfung} +\vspace{-15pt} +\begin{align*} +(e^{s_1},t_1)(e^{s_2},t_2)x +&= +(e^{s_1},t_1)(e^{s_2}x+t_2) +\\ +&= +e^{s_1+s_2}x + e^{s_1}t_2+t_1 +\\ +(e^{s_1},t_1)(e^{s_2},t_2) +&= +(e^{s_1}e^{s_2},t_1+e^{s_1}t_2) +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Verknüpfung} +\vspace{-15pt} +\begin{align*} +(\alpha_1,\vec{t}_1) +(\alpha_2,\vec{t}_2) +\vec{x} +&= +(\alpha_1,\vec{t}_1)(D_{\alpha_2}\vec{x}+\vec{t}_2) +\\ +&=D_{\alpha_1+\alpha_2}\vec{x} + D_{\alpha_1}\vec{t}_2+\vec{t}_1 +\\ +(\alpha_1,\vec{t}_1) +(\alpha_2,\vec{t}_2) +&= +(\alpha_1+\alpha_2, D_{\alpha_1}\vec{t}_2+\vec{t}_1) +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\vspace{-10pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Matrixschreibweise} +\vspace{-12pt} +\[ +g=(e^s,t) = +\begin{pmatrix} +e^s&t\\ +0&1 +\end{pmatrix} +\quad\text{auf}\quad +\begin{pmatrix}x\\1\end{pmatrix} +\] +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Matrixschreibweise} +\vspace{-12pt} +\[ +g=(\alpha,\vec{t}) = +\begin{pmatrix} +D_{\alpha}&\vec{t}\\ +0&1 +\end{pmatrix} +\quad\text{auf}\quad +\begin{pmatrix}\vec{x}\\1\end{pmatrix} +\] +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/sl2.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/sl2.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3480460 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/sl2.tex @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ +% +% sl2.tex -- Beispiel: Parametrisierung von SL_2(R) +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t,fragile] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{$\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})\subset\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.44\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Determinante} +\[ +A=\begin{pmatrix} +a&b\\ +c&d +\end{pmatrix} +\;\Rightarrow\; +\det A = ad-bc +\] +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.52\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Dimension} +\[ +4\; \text{Variablen} +- +1\; \text{Bedingung} += +3\; \text{Dimensionen} +\] +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<3->{% +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\def\s{0.94} +\begin{column}{0.33\textwidth} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\s] +\begin{scope} + \clip (-2.1,-2.1) rectangle (2.3,2.3); + \fill[color=blue!20] (-1,-1) rectangle (1,1); + \foreach \x in {-2,...,2}{ + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.3pt] (\x,-3) -- (\x,3); + } + \foreach \y in {-2,...,2}{ + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.3pt] (-3,\y) -- (3,\y); + } + \foreach \d in {4,...,10}{ + \only<\d>{ + \pgfmathparse{1+(\d-4)/10} + \xdef\t{\pgfmathresult} + \fill[color=red!40,opacity=0.5] + ({-\t},{-1/\t}) rectangle (\t,{1/\t}); + \foreach \x in {-2,...,2}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + ({\x*\t},-3) -- ({\x*\t},3); + } + \foreach \y in {-3,...,3}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + (-3,{\y/\t}) -- (3,{\y/\t}); + } + } + } + \uncover<11->{ + \xdef\t{1.6} + \fill[color=red!40,opacity=0.5] + ({-\t},{-1/\t}) rectangle (\t,{1/\t}); + \foreach \x in {-2,...,2}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + ({\x*\t},-3) -- ({\x*\t},3); + } + \foreach \y in {-3,...,3}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + (-3,{\y/\t}) -- (3,{\y/\t}); + } + } +\end{scope} +\draw[->] (-2.1,0) -- (2.3,0) coordinate[label={$x$}]; +\draw[->] (0,-2.1) -- (0,2.3) coordinate[label={right:$y$}]; +\uncover<3->{% + \fill[color=white,opacity=0.8] (-1.5,-2.8) rectangle (1.5,-1.3); + \node at (0,-2.1) {$ + D + = + \begin{pmatrix} e^t & 0 \\ 0 & e^{-t} \end{pmatrix} + $}; +} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.33\textwidth} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\s] +\fill[color=blue!20] (-1,-1) rectangle (1,1); +\begin{scope} + \clip (-2.1,-2.1) rectangle (2.3,2.3); + \foreach \x in {-2,...,2}{ + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.3pt] (\x,-3) -- (\x,3); + } + \foreach \y in {-2,...,2}{ + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.3pt] (-3,\y) -- (3,\y); + } + \foreach \d in {11,...,17}{ + \only<\d>{ + \pgfmathparse{(\d-11)/10} + \xdef\t{\pgfmathresult} + \fill[color=red!40,opacity=0.5] + ({-1+\t*(-1)},{-1}) + -- + ({1+\t*(-1)},{-1}) + -- + ({1+\t},{1}) + -- + ({-1+\t},{1}) + -- cycle; + \foreach \x in {-3,...,3}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + ({\x+\t*(-3)},-3) -- ({\x+\t*(3)},3); + } + \foreach \y in {-3,...,3}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + ({-3+\t*\y},\y) -- ({3+\t*\y},\y); + } + } + } + \uncover<18->{ + \xdef\t{0.6} + \fill[color=red!40,opacity=0.5] + ({-1+\t*(-1)},{-1}) + -- + ({1+\t*(-1)},{-1}) + -- + ({1+\t},{1}) + -- + ({-1+\t},{1}) + -- cycle; + \foreach \x in {-3,...,3}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + ({\x+\t*(-3)},-3) -- ({\x+\t*(3)},3); + } + \foreach \y in {-3,...,3}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + ({-3+\t*\y},\y) -- ({3+\t*\y},\y); + } + } +\end{scope} +\draw[->] (-2.1,0) -- (2.3,0) coordinate[label={$x$}]; +\draw[->] (0,-2.1) -- (0,2.3) coordinate[label={right:$y$}]; +\uncover<11->{ + \fill[color=white,opacity=0.8] (-1.5,-2.8) rectangle (1.5,-1.3); + \node at (0,-2.1) {$ + S + = + \begin{pmatrix} 1&s\\ 0&1\end{pmatrix} + $}; +} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.33\textwidth} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\s] +\fill[color=blue!20] (-1,-1) rectangle (1,1); +\begin{scope} + \clip (-2.1,-2.1) rectangle (2.3,2.3); + \foreach \x in {-2,...,2}{ + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.3pt] (\x,-3) -- (\x,3); + } + \foreach \y in {-2,...,2}{ + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.3pt] (-3,\y) -- (3,\y); + } + \foreach \d in {18,...,24}{ + \only<\d>{ + \pgfmathparse{(\d-18)/10} + \xdef\t{\pgfmathresult} + \fill[color=red!40,opacity=0.5] + (-1,{\t*(-1)-1}) + -- + (1,{\t*1-1}) + -- + (1,{\t*1+1}) + -- + (-1,{\t*(-1)+1}) + -- cycle; + \foreach \x in {-3,...,3}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + (\x,{\x*\t-3}) -- (\x,{\x*\t+3}); + } + \foreach \y in {-3,...,3}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + (-3,{-3*\t+\y}) -- (3,{3*\t+\y}); + } + } + } +\end{scope} +\draw[->] (-2.1,0) -- (2.3,0) coordinate[label={$x$}]; +\draw[->] (0,-2.1) -- (0,2.3) coordinate[label={right:$y$}]; +\uncover<18->{% +\fill[color=white,opacity=0.8] (-1.5,-2.8) rectangle (1.5,-1.3); + \node at (0,-2.1) {$ + T + = + \begin{pmatrix} 1&0\\t&1\end{pmatrix} + $}; +} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\end{column} +\end{columns}} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..79f9ef7 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +% +% symmetrien.tex -- Symmetrien +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Symmetrien} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Diskrete Symmetrien} +\begin{itemize} +\item +Ebenen-Spiegelung: +\[ +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix*}[r] x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} +} +\mapsto +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix*}[r]-x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*}, +} +\; +\vec{x} +\mapsto +\vec{x} -2 (\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x}) \vec{n} +\] +\vspace{-10pt} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\def\a{10} +\def\b{50} +\def\r{2} +\coordinate (O) at (0,0); +\coordinate (A) at (\b:\r); +\coordinate (B) at ({180+2*\a-\b}:\r); +\coordinate (C) at ({90+\a}:{\r*cos(90+\a-\b)}); +\coordinate (N) at (\a:2); +\coordinate (D) at (\a:{\r*cos(\b-\a)}); +\clip (-2.5,-0.45) rectangle (2.5,1.95); + +\fill[color=darkgreen!20] (O) -- ({\a-90}:0.2) arc ({\a-90}:\a:0.2) -- cycle; +\draw[->,color=darkgreen] (O) -- (N); +\node[color=darkgreen] at (N) [above] {$\vec{n}$}; + + +\fill[color=blue!20] (C) -- ($(C)+(\a:0.2)$) arc (\a:{90+\a}:0.2) -- cycle; +\fill[color=red] (O) circle[radius=0.06]; +\draw[color=red] ({\a-90}:2) -- ({\a+90}:2); +\fill[color=blue] (C) circle[radius=0.06]; +\draw[color=blue,line width=0.1pt] (A) -- (D); +\node[color=darkgreen] at (D) [below,rotate=\a] {$(\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{n}$}; +\draw[color=blue,line width=0.5pt] (A)--(B); + +\node[color=blue] at (A) [above right] {$\vec{x}$}; +\node[color=blue] at (B) [above left] {$\vec{x}'$}; + +\node[color=red] at (O) [below left] {$O$}; + +\draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm] (O) -- (A); +\draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm] (O) -- (B); + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\vspace{-5pt} +$\vec{n}$ ein Einheitsnormalenvektor auf der Ebene, $|\vec{n}|=1$ +\item +Punkt-Spiegelung: +\[ +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix*}[r] x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} +} +\mapsto +- +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix*}[r]x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} +} +\] +\end{itemize} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Kontinuierliche Symmetrien} +\begin{itemize} +\item Translation: +\( +\vec{x} \mapsto \vec{x} + \vec{t} +\) +\item Drehung: +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\def\a{25} +\def\r{1.3} +\coordinate (O) at (0,0); +\begin{scope} +\clip (-1.1,-0.1) rectangle (2.3,2.3); +\draw[color=red] (O) circle[radius=2]; +\fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (0:\r) arc (0:\a:\r) -- cycle; +\fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (90:\r) arc (90:{90+\a}:\r) -- cycle; +\node at ({0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$}; +\node at ({90+0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$}; +\draw[->,color=blue] (O) -- (\a:2); +\draw[->,color=darkgreen] (O) -- ({90+\a}:2); +\end{scope} +\draw[->] (-1.1,0) -- (2.3,0) coordinate[label={$x$}]; +\draw[->] (0,-0.1) -- (0,2.3) coordinate[label={right:$y$}]; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\[ +\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix} +\mapsto +\begin{pmatrix} +{\color{blue}\cos\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}-\sin\alpha}\\ +{\color{blue}\sin\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}\phantom{-}\cos\alpha} +\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix} +\] +\end{itemize} +\end{block} +\vspace{-10pt} +\begin{block}{Definition} +Längen/Winkel bleiben erhalten +\\ +$\Rightarrow$ $\exists$ Erhaltungsgrösse +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1 From 7242d266e3e348e40209ac51e703a0acb6d78ca3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Sat, 10 Apr 2021 21:13:29 +0200 Subject: add rodriguez image --- vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile | 12 +++ vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.jpg | Bin 0 -> 168776 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.png | Bin 0 -> 261798 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.pov | 118 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex | 17 ++++- 5 files changed, 144 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.jpg create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.png create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.pov (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b9590d --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +# +# Makefile -- Illustrationen zu +# +# (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +#  +all: rodriguez.jpg + +rodriguez.png: rodriguez.pov + povray +A0.1 -W1920 -H1080 -Orodriguez.png rodriguez.pov + +rodriguez.jpg: rodriguez.png + convert -extract 1740x1070+135+10 rodriguez.png rodriguez.jpg diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.jpg b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c49700 Binary files /dev/null and b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.jpg differ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.png b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6d9e9e4 Binary files /dev/null and b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.png differ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.pov b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.pov new file mode 100644 index 0000000..07aec19 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/rodriguez.pov @@ -0,0 +1,118 @@ +// +// rodriguez.pov +// +// (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +// +#version 3.7; +#include "colors.inc" + +global_settings { + assumed_gamma 1 +} + +#declare imagescale = 0.020; +#declare O = <0, 0, 0>; +#declare at = 0.015; + +camera { + location <8, 15, -50> + look_at <0.1, 0.475, 0> + right 16/9 * x * imagescale + up y * imagescale +} + +light_source { + <-4, 20, -50> color White + area_light <1,0,0> <0,0,1>, 10, 10 + adaptive 1 + jitter +} + +sky_sphere { + pigment { + color rgb<1,1,1> + } +} + +#macro arrow(from, to, arrowthickness, c) +#declare arrowdirection = vnormalize(to - from); +#declare arrowlength = vlength(to - from); +union { + sphere { + from, 1.1 * arrowthickness + } + cylinder { + from, + from + (arrowlength - 5 * arrowthickness) * arrowdirection, + arrowthickness + } + cone { + from + (arrowlength - 5 * arrowthickness) * arrowdirection, + 2 * arrowthickness, + to, + 0 + } + pigment { + color c + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} +#end + +#declare K = vnormalize(<0.2,1,0.1>); +#declare X = vnormalize(<1.1,1,-1.2>); +#declare O = <0,0,0>; + +#declare r = vlength(vcross(K, X)) / vlength(K); + +#declare l = 1.0; + +arrow(< -l, 0, 0 >, < l, 0, 0 >, at, White) +arrow(< 0, 0, -l >, < 0, 0, l >, at, White) +arrow(< 0, -l, 0 >, < 0, l, 0 >, at, White) + +arrow(O, X, at, Red) +arrow(O, K, at, Blue) + +#macro punkt(H,phi) + ((H-vdot(K,H)*K)*cos(phi) + vcross(K,H)*sin(phi) + vdot(K,X)*K) +#end + +cone { vdot(K, X) * K, r, O, 0 + pigment { + color rgbt<0.6,0.6,0.6,0.5> + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} + + +union { + #declare phistep = pi / 100; + #declare phi = 0; + #while (phi < 2 * pi - phistep/2) + sphere { punkt(K, phi), at/2 } + cylinder { + punkt(X, phi), + punkt(X, phi + phistep), + at/2 + } + #declare phi = phi + phistep; + #end + pigment { + color Orange + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} + +arrow(vdot(K,X)*K, punkt(X, 0), at, Yellow) +#declare Darkgreen = rgb<0,0.5,0>; +arrow(vdot(K,X)*K, punkt(X, pi/2), at, Darkgreen) diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex index ec129bb..b719207 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ % (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule % \bgroup +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} \begin{frame}[t] \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} @@ -41,17 +42,27 @@ $\vec{k}=\vec{\omega}^0=\mathstrut$Drehachse \[ \vec{x} \mapsto +(\vec{x} -(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{k}) \cos\omega -\vec{x} + (\vec{k}\times\vec{x})\sin\omega + -\vec{k}(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{x}) (1-\cos\omega) +\vec{k}(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{x}) \] -XXX TODO: Bild für Rodriguez Formel +\vspace{-40pt} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\node at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/rodriguez.jpg}}; +\node[color=red] at (1.6,-0.9) {$\vec{x}$}; +\node[color=blue] at (0.5,2) {$\vec{k}$}; +\node[color=darkgreen] at (-3,1.1) {$\vec{k}\times\vec{x}$}; +\node[color=yellow] at (2.2,-0.2) {$\vec{x}-(\vec{x}\cdot\vec{k})\vec{k}$}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} \end{block} \end{column} \end{columns} +\vspace{-15pt} {\usebeamercolor[fg]{title}Dimension:} $\operatorname{SO}(3)$ ist eine dreidimensionale Gruppe \end{frame} -- cgit v1.2.1 From e8fcbfb46f9d7badd043b9daca9659bbd45f84ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Sat, 10 Apr 2021 22:56:28 +0200 Subject: new images --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile | 9 +- vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c01.jpg | Bin 0 -> 89652 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c02.jpg | Bin 0 -> 91977 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c03.jpg | Bin 0 -> 92274 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c04.jpg | Bin 0 -> 90229 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c05.jpg | Bin 0 -> 91184 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c06.jpg | Bin 0 -> 91815 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c07.jpg | Bin 0 -> 93209 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c08.jpg | Bin 0 -> 94763 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c09.jpg | Bin 0 -> 96009 bytes vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c10.jpg | Bin 0 -> 97027 bytes 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vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c60.jpg create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/common.inc create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.ini create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.m create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.pov create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc index ef004ca..540b080 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ chapter5 = \ ../slides/7/einparameter.tex \ ../slides/7/ableitung.tex \ ../slides/7/liealgebra.tex \ + ../slides/7/kommutator.tex \ ../slides/7/dg.tex \ ../slides/7/chapter.tex diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex index 44d46a6..5878164 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -14,4 +14,5 @@ \folie{7/einparameter.tex} 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--git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c59.jpg b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c59.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0ae9bac Binary files /dev/null and b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c59.jpg differ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c60.jpg b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c60.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2bc77e7 Binary files /dev/null and b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/c/c60.jpg differ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/common.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/common.inc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e27c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/common.inc @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +// +// common.inc +// +// (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +// +#version 3.7; +#include "colors.inc" + +global_settings { + assumed_gamma 1 +} + +#declare imagescale = 0.025; +#declare O = <0, 0, 0>; +#declare at = 0.015; + +camera { + location <18, 15, -50> + look_at <0.0, 0.5, 0> + right 16/9 * x * imagescale + up y * imagescale +} + +light_source { + <-40, 30, -50> color White + area_light <1,0,0> <0,0,1>, 10, 10 + adaptive 1 + jitter +} + +sky_sphere { + pigment { + color rgb<1,1,1> + } +} + +#macro arrow(from, to, arrowthickness, c) +#declare arrowdirection = vnormalize(to - from); +#declare arrowlength = vlength(to - from); +union { + sphere { + from, 1.1 * arrowthickness + } + cylinder { + from, + from + (arrowlength - 5 * arrowthickness) * arrowdirection, + arrowthickness + } + cone { + from + (arrowlength - 5 * arrowthickness) * arrowdirection, + 2 * arrowthickness, + to, + 0 + } + pigment { + color c + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} +#end + +#declare l = 1.2; + +arrow(< -l, 0, 0 >, < l, 0, 0 >, at, White) +arrow(< 0, 0, -l >, < 0, 0, l >, at, White) +arrow(< 0, -l, 0 >, < 0, l, 0 >, at, White) + diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.ini b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.ini new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8c2211e --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.ini @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +Input_File_Name=commutator.pov +Initial_Frame=1 +Final_Frame=60 +Initial_Clock=1 +Final_Clock=60 +Cyclic_Animation=off +Pause_when_Done=off + diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.m b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.m new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a448db --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.m @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +# +# commutator.m +# +# (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +# + +X = [ + 0, 0, 0; + 0, 0, -1; + 0, 1, 0 +]; + +Y = [ + 0, 0, 1; + 0, 0, 0; + -1, 0, 0 +]; + +Z = [ + 0, -1, 0; + 1, 0, 0; + 0, 0, 0 +]; + +function retval = Dx(alpha) + retval = [ + 1, 0, 0 ; + 0, cos(alpha), -sin(alpha); + 0, sin(alpha), cos(alpha) + ]; +end + +function retval = Dy(beta) + retval = [ + cos(beta), 0, sin(beta); + 0, 1, 0 ; + -sin(beta), 0, cos(beta) + ]; +end + +t = 0.9; +P = Dx(t) * Dy(t) +Q = Dy(t) * Dx(t) +P - Q +(P - Q) * [0;0;1] + +function retval = kurven(filename, t) + retval = -1; + N = 20; + fn = fopen(filename, "w"); + fprintf(fn, "//\n"); + fprintf(fn, "// %s\n", filename); + fprintf(fn, "//\n"); + fprintf(fn, "#macro XYkurve()\n"); + for i = (0:N-1) + v1 = Dx(t * i / N) * [0;0;1]; + v2 = Dx(t * (i+1) / N) * [0;0;1]; + fprintf(fn, "sphere { <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, at }\n", + v1(1,1), v1(3,1), v1(2,1)); + fprintf(fn, "cylinder { <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, <%.4f, %.4f, %.4f>, at }\n", + v1(1,1), v1(3,1), v1(2,1), v2(1,1), v2(3,1), v2(2,1)); + end + for i = (0:N-1) + v1 = Dx(t) * Dy(t * i / N) * [0;0;1]; + v2 = Dx(t) * Dy(t * (i+1) / N) * [0;0;1]; + fprintf(fn, "sphere { <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, at }\n", + v1(1,1), v1(3,1), v1(2,1)); + fprintf(fn, "cylinder { <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, <%.4f, %.4f, %.4f>, at }\n", + v1(1,1), v1(3,1), v1(2,1), v2(1,1), v2(3,1), v2(2,1)); + end + fprintf(fn, "sphere { <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, at }\n", + v2(1,1), v2(3,1), v2(2,1)); + fprintf(fn, "#end\n"); + fprintf(fn, "#declare finalXY = <%.4f, %.4f, %.4f>;\n", + v2(1,1), v2(3,1), v2(2,1)); + fprintf(fn, "#macro YXkurve()\n"); + for i = (0:N-1) + v1 = Dy(t * i / N) * [0;0;1]; + v2 = Dy(t * (i+1) / N) * [0;0;1]; + fprintf(fn, "sphere { <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, at }\n", + v1(1,1), v1(3,1), v1(2,1)); + fprintf(fn, "cylinder { <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, <%.4f, %.4f, %.4f>, at }\n", + v1(1,1), v1(3,1), v1(2,1), v2(1,1), v2(3,1), v2(2,1)); + end + for i = (0:N-1) + v1 = Dy(t) * Dx(t * i / N) * [0;0;1]; + v2 = Dy(t) * Dx(t * (i+1) / N) * [0;0;1]; + fprintf(fn, "sphere { <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, at }\n", + v1(1,1), v1(3,1), v1(2,1)); + fprintf(fn, "cylinder { <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, <%.4f, %.4f, %.4f>, at }\n", + v1(1,1), v1(3,1), v1(2,1), v2(1,1), v2(3,1), v2(2,1)); + end + fprintf(fn, "sphere { <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, at }\n", + v2(1,1), v2(3,1), v2(2,1)); + fprintf(fn, "#end\n"); + fprintf(fn, "#declare finalYX = <%.4f, %.4f, %.4f>;\n", + v2(1,1), v2(3,1), v2(2,1)); + + fclose(fn); + retval = 0; +end + +function retval = kurve(i) + n = pi / 180; + filename = sprintf("f/%04d.inc", i); + kurven(filename, n * i); +end + +for i = (1:60) + kurve(i); +end diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.pov b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.pov new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ae11b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/commutator.pov @@ -0,0 +1,59 @@ +// +// commutator.pov +// +// (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +// +#include "common.inc" + +sphere { O, 0.99 + pigment { + color rgbt<1,1,1,0.5> + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} + +#declare filename = concat("f/", str(clock, -4, 0), ".inc"); + +#include filename + +#declare n1 = vcross(<0,1,0>, finalXY); +#declare n2 = vcross(<0,1,0>, finalYX); + +intersection { + sphere { O, 1 } + plane { -n1, 0 } + plane { n2, 0 } + pigment { + color rgb<0,0.4,0.1> + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} + +union { + XYkurve() + pigment { + color Red + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} + +union { + YXkurve() + pigment { + color Blue + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} + diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f01debe --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +% +% template.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Kommutator in $\operatorname{SO}(3)$} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\ifthenelse{\boolean{presentation}}{ +\only<1>{\node at (0,0) { +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c01.jpg}};} +\only<2>{\node at (0,0) { +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c02.jpg}};} +\only<3>{\node at (0,0) { +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c03.jpg}};} +\only<4>{\node at (0,0) { +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c04.jpg}};} 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-66,6 +67,7 @@ c&d } } } + }{} \uncover<11->{ \xdef\t{1.6} \fill[color=red!40,opacity=0.5] @@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ c&d \foreach \y in {-2,...,2}{ \draw[color=blue,line width=0.3pt] (-3,\y) -- (3,\y); } + \ifthenelse{\boolean{presentation}}{ \foreach \d in {11,...,17}{ \only<\d>{ \pgfmathparse{(\d-11)/10} @@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ c&d } } } + }{} \uncover<18->{ \xdef\t{0.6} \fill[color=red!40,opacity=0.5] @@ -174,6 +178,7 @@ c&d \foreach \y in {-2,...,2}{ \draw[color=blue,line width=0.3pt] (-3,\y) -- (3,\y); } + \ifthenelse{\boolean{presentation}}{ \foreach \d in {18,...,24}{ \only<\d>{ \pgfmathparse{(\d-18)/10} @@ -197,6 +202,27 @@ c&d } } } + }{} + \uncover<25->{ + \xdef\t{0.6} + \fill[color=red!40,opacity=0.5] + (-1,{\t*(-1)-1}) + -- + (1,{\t*1-1}) + -- + (1,{\t*1+1}) + -- + (-1,{\t*(-1)+1}) + -- cycle; + \foreach \x in {-3,...,3}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + (\x,{\x*\t-3}) -- (\x,{\x*\t+3}); + } + \foreach \y in {-3,...,3}{ + \draw[color=red,line width=0.3pt] + (-3,{-3*\t+\y}) -- (3,{3*\t+\y}); + } + } \end{scope} \draw[->] (-2.1,0) -- (2.3,0) coordinate[label={$x$}]; \draw[->] (0,-2.1) -- (0,2.3) coordinate[label={right:$y$}]; -- cgit v1.2.1 From 4d96632a4cb5dce985c92bc5daebe272dcbc1410 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Sat, 10 Apr 2021 23:01:39 +0200 Subject: typos --- vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex | 2 +- vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex | 1 - 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-) (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex index f01debe..f9004df 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex @@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c58.jpg}};} \only<59>{\node at (0,0) { \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c59.jpg}};} +}{} \only<60>{\node at (0,0) { \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c60.jpg}};} -}{} \end{tikzpicture} \end{center} \end{frame} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex index 16a7aa0..892216e 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex @@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} \frametitle{Lie-Algebra} -\vspace{-20pt} \begin{block}{Vektorraum} Tangentialvektoren im Punkt $I$: \begin{center} -- cgit v1.2.1 From 9248e1b412136d41d2ad7b302f682bfcc05e5174 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2021 09:07:21 +0200 Subject: phasen --- vorlesungen/slides/7/algebraisch.tex | 40 +++++++++++++--------- vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++--------------- 2 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/algebraisch.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/algebraisch.tex index 5b33566..31d209a 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/algebraisch.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/algebraisch.tex @@ -19,23 +19,25 @@ Längenmessung mit Skalarprodukt \langle \vec{v},\vec{v}\rangle = \vec{v}\cdot \vec{v} -= -\vec{v}^t\vec{v} +\uncover<2->{= +\vec{v}^t\vec{v}} \end{align*} \end{block} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<3->{% \begin{block}{Flächeninhalt/Volumen} $n$ Vektoren $V=(\vec{v}_1,\dots,\vec{v}_n)$ \\ Volumen des Parallelepipeds: $\det V$ -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} % \vspace{-7pt} \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<4->{% \begin{block}{Längenerhaltende Transformationen} $A\in\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ \begin{align*} @@ -44,38 +46,45 @@ $A\in\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ (A\vec{x}) \cdot (A\vec{y}) -= +\uncover<5->{= (A\vec{x})^t -(A\vec{y}) +(A\vec{y})} \\ +\uncover<6->{ \vec{x}^tI\vec{y} &= -\vec{x}^tA^tA\vec{y} -\Rightarrow I=A^tA +\vec{x}^tA^tA\vec{y}} +\uncover<7->{ +\Rightarrow I=A^tA} \end{align*} -Begründung: $\vec{e}_i^t B \vec{e}_j = b_{ij}$ -\end{block} +\uncover<8->{Begründung: $\vec{e}_i^t B \vec{e}_j = b_{ij}$} +\end{block}} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<9->{% \begin{block}{Volumenerhaltende Transformationen} $A\in\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ \begin{align*} \det(V) &= \det(AV) -= -\det(A)\det(V) +\uncover<10->{= +\det(A)\det(V)} \\ -1&=\det(A) +\uncover<11->{ +1&=\det(A)} \end{align*} +\uncover<10->{ (Produktsatz für Determinante) -\end{block} +} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} % \vspace{-3pt} \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<12->{% \begin{block}{Orthogonale Matrizen} Längentreue Abbildungen = orthogonale Matrizen: \[ @@ -87,9 +96,10 @@ A \in \operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}) A^tA=I \} \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<13->{% \begin{block}{``Spezielle'' Matrizen} Volumen-/Orientierungserhaltende Transformationen: \[ @@ -97,7 +107,7 @@ Volumen-/Orientierungserhaltende Transformationen: = \{ A \in \operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}) \;|\; \det A = 1\} \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex index 79f9ef7..35d62d8 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/symmetrien.tex @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \begin{block}{Diskrete Symmetrien} \begin{itemize} -\item +\item<2-> Ebenen-Spiegelung: \[ {\tiny @@ -22,12 +22,13 @@ Ebenen-Spiegelung: } \mapsto {\tiny -\begin{pmatrix*}[r]-x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*}, +\begin{pmatrix*}[r]-x_1\\x_2\\x_3 \end{pmatrix*} } -\; +\uncover<4->{\!,\; \vec{x} \mapsto \vec{x} -2 (\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x}) \vec{n} +} \] \vspace{-10pt} \begin{center} @@ -41,34 +42,39 @@ Ebenen-Spiegelung: \coordinate (C) at ({90+\a}:{\r*cos(90+\a-\b)}); \coordinate (N) at (\a:2); \coordinate (D) at (\a:{\r*cos(\b-\a)}); +\uncover<3->{ \clip (-2.5,-0.45) rectangle (2.5,1.95); -\fill[color=darkgreen!20] (O) -- ({\a-90}:0.2) arc ({\a-90}:\a:0.2) -- cycle; -\draw[->,color=darkgreen] (O) -- (N); -\node[color=darkgreen] at (N) [above] {$\vec{n}$}; + \fill[color=darkgreen!20] (O) -- ({\a-90}:0.2) arc ({\a-90}:\a:0.2) + -- cycle; + \draw[->,color=darkgreen] (O) -- (N); + \node[color=darkgreen] at (N) [above] {$\vec{n}$}; -\fill[color=blue!20] (C) -- ($(C)+(\a:0.2)$) arc (\a:{90+\a}:0.2) -- cycle; -\fill[color=red] (O) circle[radius=0.06]; -\draw[color=red] ({\a-90}:2) -- ({\a+90}:2); -\fill[color=blue] (C) circle[radius=0.06]; -\draw[color=blue,line width=0.1pt] (A) -- (D); -\node[color=darkgreen] at (D) [below,rotate=\a] {$(\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{n}$}; -\draw[color=blue,line width=0.5pt] (A)--(B); + \fill[color=blue!20] (C) -- ($(C)+(\a:0.2)$) arc (\a:{90+\a}:0.2) + -- cycle; + \fill[color=red] (O) circle[radius=0.06]; + \draw[color=red] ({\a-90}:2) -- ({\a+90}:2); + \fill[color=blue] (C) circle[radius=0.06]; + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.1pt] (A) -- (D); + \node[color=darkgreen] at (D) [below,rotate=\a] + {$(\vec{n}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{n}$}; + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.5pt] (A)--(B); -\node[color=blue] at (A) [above right] {$\vec{x}$}; -\node[color=blue] at (B) [above left] {$\vec{x}'$}; + \node[color=blue] at (A) [above right] {$\vec{x}$}; + \node[color=blue] at (B) [above left] {$\vec{x}'$}; -\node[color=red] at (O) [below left] {$O$}; + \node[color=red] at (O) [below left] {$O$}; -\draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm] (O) -- (A); -\draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm] (O) -- (B); + \draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (A); + \draw[->,color=blue,shorten <= 0.06cm,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (B); +} \end{tikzpicture} \end{center} \vspace{-5pt} $\vec{n}$ ein Einheitsnormalenvektor auf der Ebene, $|\vec{n}|=1$ -\item +\item<5-> Punkt-Spiegelung: \[ {\tiny @@ -84,13 +90,15 @@ Punkt-Spiegelung: \end{block} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<6->{% \begin{block}{Kontinuierliche Symmetrien} \begin{itemize} -\item Translation: +\item<7-> Translation: \( \vec{x} \mapsto \vec{x} + \vec{t} \) -\item Drehung: +\item<8-> Drehung: +\vspace{-3pt} \begin{center} \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] \def\a{25} @@ -103,14 +111,15 @@ Punkt-Spiegelung: \fill[color=blue!20] (O) -- (90:\r) arc (90:{90+\a}:\r) -- cycle; \node at ({0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$}; \node at ({90+0.5*\a}:1) {$\alpha$}; -\draw[->,color=blue] (O) -- (\a:2); -\draw[->,color=darkgreen] (O) -- ({90+\a}:2); +\draw[->,color=blue,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- (\a:2); +\draw[->,color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] (O) -- ({90+\a}:2); \end{scope} \draw[->] (-1.1,0) -- (2.3,0) coordinate[label={$x$}]; \draw[->] (0,-0.1) -- (0,2.3) coordinate[label={right:$y$}]; \end{tikzpicture} \end{center} \[ +\uncover<9->{% \begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix} \mapsto \begin{pmatrix} @@ -118,15 +127,18 @@ Punkt-Spiegelung: {\color{blue}\sin\alpha}&{\color{darkgreen}\phantom{-}\cos\alpha} \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}x\\y\end{pmatrix} +} \] \end{itemize} -\end{block} +\end{block}} \vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<10->{% \begin{block}{Definition} Längen/Winkel bleiben erhalten \\ -$\Rightarrow$ $\exists$ Erhaltungsgrösse -\end{block} +\uncover<11->{% +$\Rightarrow$ $\exists$ Erhaltungsgrösse} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} -- cgit v1.2.1 From 15881729aa3f1293d546a1692a02094ed3f24e2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2021 10:30:05 +0200 Subject: phases --- vorlesungen/slides/7/ableitung.tex | 40 ++++---- vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex | 36 +++++--- vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex | 53 +++++++---- vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex | 18 ++-- vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex | 147 ++++++++++++++++++------------ vorlesungen/slides/7/kurven.tex | 31 +++++-- vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex | 27 +++++- vorlesungen/slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex | 12 ++- vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex | 51 +++++++++-- vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex | 34 ++++--- 10 files changed, 299 insertions(+), 150 deletions(-) (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/ableitung.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/ableitung.tex index b061b9a..12f9084 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/ableitung.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/ableitung.tex @@ -12,49 +12,55 @@ \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \begin{block}{Ableitung in $\operatorname{O}(n)$} +\uncover<2->{% $s \mapsto A(s)\in\operatorname{O}(n)$ +} \begin{align*} -I +\uncover<3->{I &= -A(s)^tA(s) +A(s)^tA(s)} \\ -0 +\uncover<4->{0 = \frac{d}{ds} I &= -\frac{d}{ds} (A(s)^t A(s)) +\frac{d}{ds} (A(s)^t A(s))} \\ -&= -\dot{A}(s)^tA(s) + A(s)^t \dot{A}(s) -\intertext{An der Stelle $s=0$, d.~h.~$A(0)=I$} -0 +&\uncover<5->{= +\dot{A}(s)^tA(s) + A(s)^t \dot{A}(s)} +\intertext{\uncover<6->{An der Stelle $s=0$, d.~h.~$A(0)=I$}} +\uncover<7->{0 &= \dot{A}(0)^t + -\dot{A}(0) +\dot{A}(0)} \\ -\Leftrightarrow +\uncover<8->{\Leftrightarrow \qquad -\dot{A}(0)^t &= -\dot{A}(0) +\dot{A}(0)^t &= -\dot{A}(0)} \end{align*} +\uncover<9->{% ``Tangentialvektoren'' sind antisymmetrische Matrizen +} \end{block} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \begin{block}{Ableitung in $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$} +\uncover<2->{% $s\mapsto A(s)\in\operatorname{SL}_n(\mathbb{R})$ +} \begin{align*} -1 &= \det A(t) +\uncover<3->{1 &= \det A(t)} \\ -0 +\uncover<10->{0 = \frac{d}{dt}1 &= -\frac{d}{dt} \det A(t) -\intertext{mit dem Entwicklungssatz kann man nachrechnen:} -0&=\operatorname{Spur}\dot{A}(0) +\frac{d}{dt} \det A(t)} +\intertext{\uncover<11->{mit dem Entwicklungssatz kann man nachrechnen:}} +\uncover<12->{0&=\operatorname{Spur}\dot{A}(0)} \end{align*} -``Tangentialvektoren'' sind spurlose Matrizen +\uncover<13->{``Tangentialvektoren'' sind spurlose Matrizen} \end{block} \end{column} \end{columns} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex index 36b1ade..a99cebb 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex @@ -15,29 +15,35 @@ Ableitung von $\gamma(t)$ an der Stelle $t$: \begin{align*} \dot{\gamma}(t) -&= +&\uncover<2->{= \frac{d}{d\tau}\gamma(\tau)\bigg|_{\tau=t} +} \\ -&= +&\uncover<3->{= \frac{d}{ds} \gamma(t+s) \bigg|_{s=0} +} \\ -&= +&\uncover<4->{= \frac{d}{ds} \gamma(t)\gamma(s) \bigg|_{s=0} +} \\ -&= +&\uncover<5->{= \gamma(t) \frac{d}{ds} \gamma(s) \bigg|_{s=0} -= +} +\uncover<6->{= \gamma(t) \dot{\gamma}(0) +} \end{align*} \end{block} \vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<7->{% \begin{block}{Differentialgleichung} \vspace{-10pt} \[ @@ -47,33 +53,39 @@ Ableitung von $\gamma(t)$ an der Stelle $t$: \quad A=\dot{\gamma}(0)\in LG \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.50\textwidth} +\uncover<8->{% \begin{block}{Lösung} Exponentialfunktion \[ \exp\colon LG\to G : A \mapsto \exp(At) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{t^k}{k!}A^k \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} \vspace{-5pt} +\uncover<9->{% \begin{block}{Kontrolle: Tangentialvektor berechnen} \vspace{-10pt} \begin{align*} \frac{d}{dt}e^{At} -&= +&\uncover<10->{= \sum_{k=1}^\infty A^k \frac{d}{dt} t^{k}{k!} +} \\ -&= +&\uncover<11->{= \sum_{k=1}^\infty A^{k-1}\frac{t^{k-1}}{(k-1)!} A +} \\ -&= +&\uncover<12->{= \sum_{k=0} A^k\frac{t^k}{k!} A -= +} +\uncover<13->{= e^{At} A +} \end{align*} -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex index ae0dbe3..7744e99 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex @@ -13,12 +13,20 @@ \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.38\textwidth} \begin{block}{Drehung} +{\color{blue}Längen}, {\color<2->{blue}Winkel}, +{\color<2->{darkgreen}Orientierung} +erhalten +\uncover<2->{ \[ \operatorname{SO}(2) = -\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R}) \cap \operatorname{O}(2) -\] +{\color{blue}\operatorname{O}(2)} +\cap +{\color{darkgreen}\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})} +\]} +\vspace{-20pt} \end{block} +\uncover<3->{% \begin{block}{Zusammensetzung} Eine Drehung muss als Zusammensetzung geschrieben werden können: \[ @@ -31,7 +39,9 @@ D_{\alpha} = DST \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} +\vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<12->{% \begin{block}{Beispiel} \vspace{-12pt} \[ @@ -43,9 +53,10 @@ D_{60^\circ} \begin{pmatrix}1&0\\\frac{\sqrt{3}}2&1\end{pmatrix} } \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.58\textwidth} +\uncover<4->{% \begin{block}{Ansatz} \vspace{-12pt} \begin{align*} @@ -64,7 +75,7 @@ c^{-1}&0\\ t&1 \end{pmatrix} \\ -&= +&\uncover<5->{= \begin{pmatrix} c^{-1}&0\\ 0 &c @@ -73,40 +84,48 @@ c^{-1}&0\\ -st&-s\\ t& 1 \end{pmatrix} +} \\ -&= +&\uncover<6->{= \begin{pmatrix} --stc^{-1}&{\color{darkgreen}sc^{-1}}\\ -{\color{blue}ct}&{\color{red}c} -\end{pmatrix} -= +{\color<11->{orange}-stc^{-1}}&{\color<10->{darkgreen}sc^{-1}}\\ +{\color<9->{blue}ct}&{\color<8->{red}c} +\end{pmatrix}} +\uncover<7->{= \begin{pmatrix} -\cos\alpha & {\color{darkgreen}- \sin\alpha} \\ -{\color{blue}\sin\alpha} & \phantom{-} {\color{red}\cos\alpha} -\end{pmatrix} +{\color<11->{orange}\cos\alpha} & {\color<10->{darkgreen}- \sin\alpha} \\ +{\color<9->{blue}\sin\alpha} & \phantom{-} {\color<8->{red}\cos\alpha} +\end{pmatrix}} \end{align*} -\end{block} +\end{block}} \vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<7->{% \begin{block}{Koeffizientenvergleich} \vspace{-15pt} \begin{align*} +\uncover<8->{ {\color{red} c} &= -{\color{red}\cos\alpha } +{\color{red}\cos\alpha }} && & +\uncover<9->{ {\color{blue} -t}&=\rlap{$\displaystyle\frac{\sin\alpha}{c} = \tan\alpha$} \\ +t}&=\rlap{$\displaystyle\frac{\sin\alpha}{c} = \tan\alpha$}}\\ +\uncover<10->{ {\color{darkgreen}sc^{-1}}&={\color{darkgreen}-\sin\alpha} & &\Rightarrow& {\color{darkgreen}s}&={\color{darkgreen}-\sin\alpha}\cos\alpha +} \\ +\uncover<11->{ {\color{orange} -stc^{-t}} &= \rlap{$\sin\alpha\tan\alpha = \cos\alpha \quad $} +} \end{align*} -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex index 52924bf..5171085 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex @@ -7,17 +7,20 @@ \begin{frame}[t] \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} -\frametitle{Einparameter Untergruppen} +\frametitle{Einparameter-Untergruppen} \vspace{-20pt} \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \begin{block}{Definition} Eine Kurve $\gamma\colon \mathbb{R}\to G\subset\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})$, -die gleichzeitig eine Untergruppe von $G$ ist mit +die {\color<2->{red}gleichzeitig eine Untergruppe von $G$} ist \uncover<3->{mit} \[ +\uncover<3->{ \gamma(t+s) = \gamma(t)\gamma(s)\quad\forall t,s\in\mathbb{R} +} \] \end{block} +\uncover<4->{% \begin{block}{Drehungen} Drehmatrizen bilden Einparameter- Untergruppen \begin{align*} @@ -33,9 +36,10 @@ D_{x,t}D_{x,s} &= D_{x,t+s} \end{align*} -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<5->{% \begin{block}{Scherungen in $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$} \vspace{-12pt} \[ @@ -53,8 +57,9 @@ D_{x,t+s} 0&1 \end{pmatrix} \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} \vspace{-12pt} +\uncover<6->{% \begin{block}{Skalierungen in $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$} \vspace{-12pt} \[ @@ -69,8 +74,9 @@ e^t&0\\0&e^{-t} e^{t+s}&0\\0&e^{-(t+s)} \end{pmatrix} \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} \vspace{-12pt} +\uncover<7->{% \begin{block}{Gemischt} \vspace{-12pt} \begin{gather*} @@ -80,7 +86,7 @@ A_t = I \cosh t + \begin{pmatrix}1&a\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}\sinh t \begin{pmatrix}1&s\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}^2 =I \end{gather*} -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex index f9004df..84bf034 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/kommutator.tex @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ % (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule % \bgroup +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} \begin{frame}[t] \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} @@ -11,128 +12,154 @@ \vspace{-20pt} \begin{center} \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\def\t{14.0cm} \ifthenelse{\boolean{presentation}}{ \only<1>{\node at (0,0) { -\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c01.jpg}};} +\includegraphics[width=\t]{../slides/7/images/c/c01.jpg}};} \only<2>{\node at (0,0) { -\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c02.jpg}};} +\includegraphics[width=\t]{../slides/7/images/c/c02.jpg}};} \only<3>{\node at (0,0) { -\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c03.jpg}};} +\includegraphics[width=\t]{../slides/7/images/c/c03.jpg}};} \only<4>{\node at (0,0) { -\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c04.jpg}};} +\includegraphics[width=\t]{../slides/7/images/c/c04.jpg}};} \only<5>{\node at (0,0) { -\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c05.jpg}};} 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-\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/c/c60.jpg}};} +\includegraphics[width=\t]{../slides/7/images/c/c60.jpg}};} +\coordinate (A) at (-0.3,3); +\coordinate (B) at (-1.1,2); +\coordinate (C) at (-2.1,-1.2); +\draw[->,color=red,line width=1.4pt] + (A) + to[out=-143,in=60] + (B) + to[out=-120,in=80] + (C); +%\fill[color=red] (B) circle[radius=0.08]; +\node[color=red] at (-1.2,1.5) [above left] {$D_{x,\alpha}$}; +\coordinate (D) at (0.3,3.2); +\coordinate (E) at (1.8,2.8); +\coordinate (F) at (5.2,-0.3); +\draw[->,color=blue,line width=1.4pt] + (D) + to[out=-10,in=157] + (E) + to[out=-23,in=120] + (F); +\fill[color=blue] (E) circle[radius=0.08]; +\node[color=blue] at (2.4,2.4) [above right] {$D_{y,\beta}$}; +\draw[->,color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] + (0.7,-3.1) to[out=1,in=-160] (3.9,-2.6); +\node[color=darkgreen] at (2.5,-3.4) {$D_{z,\gamma}$}; \end{tikzpicture} \end{center} \end{frame} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/kurven.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/kurven.tex index 196fa2a..e0690eb 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/kurven.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/kurven.tex @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Kurve in $\mathbb{R}^n$: I=[a,b] \to \mathbb{R}^n : t\mapsto \gamma(t) +\uncover<2->{ = \begin{pmatrix} x_1(t)\\ @@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ x_2(t)\\ \vdots\\ x_n(t) \end{pmatrix} +} \] \vspace{-15pt} \begin{center} @@ -42,16 +44,21 @@ x_n(t) \fill[color=red] (C) circle[radius=0.06]; \node[color=red] at (C) [left] {$\gamma(t)$}; -\draw[->,color=blue,line width=1.4pt,shorten <= 0.06cm] (C) -- (E); -\node[color=blue] at (E) [right] {$\dot{\gamma}(t)$}; +\uncover<4->{ + \draw[->,color=blue,line width=1.4pt,shorten <= 0.06cm] (C) -- (E); + \node[color=blue] at (E) [right] {$\dot{\gamma}(t)$}; +} -\draw[->] (-0.1,0) -- (5.9,0) coordinate[label={$x_1$}]; -\draw[->] (0,-0.1) -- (0,4.3) coordinate[label={right:$x_2$}]; +\uncover<2->{ + \draw[->] (-0.1,0) -- (5.9,0) coordinate[label={$x_1$}]; + \draw[->] (0,-0.1) -- (0,4.3) coordinate[label={right:$x_2$}]; +} \end{tikzpicture} \end{center} \end{block} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<4->{% \begin{block}{Tangenten} Ableitung \[ @@ -66,6 +73,7 @@ Ableitung \dot{x}_n(t) \end{pmatrix} \] +\uncover<5->{% Lineare Approximation: \[ \gamma(t+h) @@ -75,10 +83,21 @@ Lineare Approximation: \dot{\gamma}(t) \cdot h + o(h) -\] +\]}% +\vspace{-10pt} +\begin{itemize} +\item<6-> Sinnvoll, weil sowohl $\gamma(t)$ und $\dot{\gamma}(t)$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ liegen -\end{block} +\item<7-> +Gilt auch für +\[ +\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}) +\uncover<8->{\subset M_n(\mathbb{R})} +\uncover<9->{ = \mathbb{R}^{n\times n}} +\] +\end{itemize} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex index 892216e..574467b 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgebra.tex @@ -8,50 +8,64 @@ \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} \frametitle{Lie-Algebra} +\ifthenelse{\boolean{presentation}}{\vspace{-15pt}}{\vspace{-8pt}} \begin{block}{Vektorraum} Tangentialvektoren im Punkt $I$: \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{>{$}c<{$}|p{6cm}|>{$}c<{$}} \text{Lie-Gruppe $G$}&Tangentialvektoren&\text{Lie-Algebra $LG$} \\ \hline +\uncover<2->{ \operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}) & beliebige Matrizen & M_n(\mathbb{R}) +} \\ +\uncover<3->{ \operatorname{O(n)} & antisymmetrische Matrizen & \operatorname{o}(n) +} \\ +\uncover<4->{ \operatorname{SL}_n(\mathbb{R}) & spurlose Matrizen & \operatorname{sl}_2(\mathbb{R}) +} \\ +\uncover<5->{ \operatorname{U(n)} & antihermitesche Matrizen & \operatorname{u}(n) +} \\ +\uncover<6->{ \operatorname{SU(n)} & spurlose, antihermitesche Matrizen & \operatorname{su}(n) +} \end{tabular} \end{center} \end{block} \vspace{-20pt} \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.40\textwidth} +\uncover<7->{% \begin{block}{Lie-Klammer} Kommutator: $[A,B] = AB-BA$ -\end{block} +\end{block}} +\uncover<8->{% \begin{block}{Nachprüfen} $[A,B]\in LG$ für $A,B\in LG$ -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.56\textwidth} +\uncover<9->{% \begin{block}{Algebraische Eigenschaften} \begin{itemize} -\item antisymmetrisch: $[A,B]=-[B,A]$ -\item Jacobi-Identität +\item<10-> antisymmetrisch: $[A,B]=-[B,A]$ +\item<11-> Jacobi-Identität \[ [A,[B,C]]+ [B,[C,A]]+ @@ -59,9 +73,12 @@ für $A,B\in LG$ = 0 \] \end{itemize} +\vspace{-13pt} +\uncover<12->{% {\usebeamercolor[fg]{title} Beispiel:} $\mathbb{R}^3$ mit Vektorprodukt $\mathstrut = \operatorname{so}(3)$ -\end{block} +} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex index 7809ea5..077dc9d 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex @@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \begin{block}{Definition} \begin{itemize} -\item Karte: Abbildung $\varphi_\alpha\colon U_\alpha\to\mathbb{R}^n$ -\item differenzierbare Kartenwechsel: Koordinatenumrechnung im Überschneidungsgebiet +\item<2-> Karte: Abbildung $\varphi_\alpha\colon U_\alpha\to\mathbb{R}^n$ +\item<3-> differenzierbare Kartenwechsel: Koordinatenumrechnung im Überschneidungsgebiet \[ \varphi_\beta\circ\varphi_\alpha^{-1} \colon @@ -27,17 +27,19 @@ \to \varphi_\beta(U_\alpha\cap U_\beta) \] -\item Atlas: Menge von Karten, die die ganze Mannigfaltigkeit überdecken +\item<4-> Atlas: Menge von Karten, die die ganze Mannigfaltigkeit überdecken \end{itemize} \end{block} \vspace{-7pt} +\uncover<5->{% \begin{block}{Lokal$\mathstrut\cong\mathbb{R}^n$} Differenzierbare Mannigfaltigkeiten sehen lokal wie $\mathbb{R}^n$ aus -\end{block} +\end{block}} \vspace{-3pt} +\uncover<6->{% \begin{block}{Lie-Gruppe} Gruppe und Mannigfaltigkeit -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex index b719207..1e8549c 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ % \bgroup \definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} +\definecolor{darkyellow}{rgb}{1,0.8,0} \begin{frame}[t] \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} @@ -13,53 +14,85 @@ \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.4\textwidth} \begin{block}{Drehung um Achsen} +\vspace{-12pt} \begin{align*} +\uncover<2->{ D_{x,\alpha} &= \begin{pmatrix} 1&0&0\\0&\cos\alpha&-\sin\alpha\\0&\sin\alpha&\cos\alpha \end{pmatrix} +} \\ +\uncover<3->{ D_{y,\beta} &= \begin{pmatrix} \cos\beta&0&-\sin\beta\\0&1&0\\\sin\beta&0&\cos\beta \end{pmatrix} +} \\ +\uncover<4->{ D_{z,\gamma} &= \begin{pmatrix} \cos\gamma&-\sin\gamma&0\\\sin\gamma&\cos\gamma&0\\0&0&1 \end{pmatrix} +} +\intertext{\uncover<5->{beliebige Drehung:}} +\uncover<5->{ +D +&= +D_{x,\alpha} +D_{y,\beta} +D_{z,\gamma} +} \end{align*} \end{block} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.56\textwidth} -\begin{block}{Drehung um $\vec{\omega}$} +\uncover<6->{% +\begin{block}{Drehung um $\vec{\omega}\in\mathbb{R}^3$: 3-dimensional} +\uncover<7->{% $\omega=|\vec{\omega}|=\mathstrut$Drehwinkel +} \\ +\uncover<8->{% $\vec{k}=\vec{\omega}^0=\mathstrut$Drehachse +} \[ -\vec{x} +{\color{red}\vec{x}} \mapsto -(\vec{x} -(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{k}) +\uncover<10->{ +({\color{darkyellow}\vec{x} -(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{k}}) \cos\omega + -(\vec{k}\times\vec{x})\sin\omega +} +\uncover<11->{ +({\color{darkgreen}\vec{x}\times\vec{k}}) \sin\omega + -\vec{k}(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{x}) +} +\uncover<9->{ +{\color{blue}\vec{k}} (\vec{k}\cdot\vec{x}) +} \] \vspace{-40pt} \begin{center} \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] -\node at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/rodriguez.jpg}}; +\node at (0,0) + {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/rodriguez.jpg}}; \node[color=red] at (1.6,-0.9) {$\vec{x}$}; \node[color=blue] at (0.5,2) {$\vec{k}$}; -\node[color=darkgreen] at (-3,1.1) {$\vec{k}\times\vec{x}$}; -\node[color=yellow] at (2.2,-0.2) {$\vec{x}-(\vec{x}\cdot\vec{k})\vec{k}$}; +\uncover<11->{ + \node[color=darkgreen] at (-3,1.1) {$\vec{x}\times\vec{k}$}; +} +\uncover<10->{ + \node[color=yellow] at (2.2,-0.2) + {$\vec{x}-(\vec{x}\cdot\vec{k})\vec{k}$}; +} \end{tikzpicture} \end{center} -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \vspace{-15pt} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex index 46f6d03..66b8d27 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex @@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ x\mapsto \underbrace{e^s\cdot x}_{\text{Skalierung}} \mathstrut+ t \end{block} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<2->{% \begin{block}{Drehung und Verschiebung} Gruppe $G= @@ -32,51 +33,57 @@ Wirkung auf $\mathbb{R}^2$: \[ \vec{x}\mapsto \underbrace{D_\alpha \vec{x}}_{\text{Drehung}} \mathstrut+ \vec{t} \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \vspace{-15pt} \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<3->{% \begin{block}{Verknüpfung} \vspace{-15pt} \begin{align*} (e^{s_1},t_1)(e^{s_2},t_2)x -&= -(e^{s_1},t_1)(e^{s_2}x+t_2) +&\uncover<4->{= +(e^{s_1},t_1)(e^{s_2}x+t_2)} \\ -&= -e^{s_1+s_2}x + e^{s_1}t_2+t_1 +&\uncover<5->{= +e^{s_1+s_2}x + e^{s_1}t_2+t_1} \\ +\uncover<6->{ (e^{s_1},t_1)(e^{s_2},t_2) &= -(e^{s_1}e^{s_2},t_1+e^{s_1}t_2) +(e^{s_1}e^{s_2},t_1+e^{s_1}t_2)} \end{align*} -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<7->{% \begin{block}{Verknüpfung} \vspace{-15pt} \begin{align*} (\alpha_1,\vec{t}_1) (\alpha_2,\vec{t}_2) \vec{x} -&= -(\alpha_1,\vec{t}_1)(D_{\alpha_2}\vec{x}+\vec{t}_2) +&\uncover<8->{= +(\alpha_1,\vec{t}_1)(D_{\alpha_2}\vec{x}+\vec{t}_2)} \\ -&=D_{\alpha_1+\alpha_2}\vec{x} + D_{\alpha_1}\vec{t}_2+\vec{t}_1 +&\uncover<9->{=D_{\alpha_1+\alpha_2}\vec{x} + D_{\alpha_1}\vec{t}_2+\vec{t}_1} \\ +\uncover<10->{ (\alpha_1,\vec{t}_1) (\alpha_2,\vec{t}_2) &= (\alpha_1+\alpha_2, D_{\alpha_1}\vec{t}_2+\vec{t}_1) +} \end{align*} -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \vspace{-10pt} \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<11->{% \begin{block}{Matrixschreibweise} \vspace{-12pt} \[ @@ -88,9 +95,10 @@ e^s&t\\ \quad\text{auf}\quad \begin{pmatrix}x\\1\end{pmatrix} \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<12->{% \begin{block}{Matrixschreibweise} \vspace{-12pt} \[ @@ -102,7 +110,7 @@ D_{\alpha}&\vec{t}\\ \quad\text{auf}\quad \begin{pmatrix}\vec{x}\\1\end{pmatrix} \] -\end{block} +\end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} -- cgit v1.2.1 From 78a4379a40a594fd89a74bbb0d5e6cc52f8213f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2021 11:03:04 +0200 Subject: typos --- vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex | 15 ++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex index 1e8549c..12b5221 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex @@ -61,8 +61,10 @@ $\omega=|\vec{\omega}|=\mathstrut$Drehwinkel $\vec{k}=\vec{\omega}^0=\mathstrut$Drehachse } \[ +\uncover<9->{ {\color{red}\vec{x}} \mapsto +} \uncover<10->{ ({\color{darkyellow}\vec{x} -(\vec{k}\cdot\vec{x})\vec{k}}) \cos\omega @@ -79,10 +81,12 @@ $\vec{k}=\vec{\omega}^0=\mathstrut$Drehachse \vspace{-40pt} \begin{center} \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] -\node at (0,0) - {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/rodriguez.jpg}}; -\node[color=red] at (1.6,-0.9) {$\vec{x}$}; -\node[color=blue] at (0.5,2) {$\vec{k}$}; +\uncover<9->{ + \node at (0,0) + {\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/rodriguez.jpg}}; + \node[color=red] at (1.6,-0.9) {$\vec{x}$}; + \node[color=blue] at (0.5,2) {$\vec{k}$}; +} \uncover<11->{ \node[color=darkgreen] at (-3,1.1) {$\vec{x}\times\vec{k}$}; } @@ -96,7 +100,8 @@ $\vec{k}=\vec{\omega}^0=\mathstrut$Drehachse \end{column} \end{columns} \vspace{-15pt} +\uncover<5->{% {\usebeamercolor[fg]{title}Dimension:} $\operatorname{SO}(3)$ ist eine -dreidimensionale Gruppe +dreidimensionale Gruppe} \end{frame} \egroup -- cgit v1.2.1 From 9b47f234c30f63c41bfff952a9be32bab79302cd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2021 19:12:02 +0200 Subject: fix some typos --- vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex index a99cebb..4447bac 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Exponentialfunktion \begin{align*} \frac{d}{dt}e^{At} &\uncover<10->{= -\sum_{k=1}^\infty A^k \frac{d}{dt} t^{k}{k!} +\sum_{k=1}^\infty A^k \frac{d}{dt} \frac{t^k}{k!} } \\ &\uncover<11->{= -- cgit v1.2.1 From eb8f7d58101bd19006019dfbfafca92dd080fe41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2021 13:30:14 +0200 Subject: typos, new slides --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/drehanim.tex | 155 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex | 12 +-- 4 files changed, 163 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/drehanim.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc index 540b080..7afeea1 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ chapter5 = \ ../slides/7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex \ ../slides/7/sl2.tex \ ../slides/7/drehung.tex \ + ../slides/7/drehanim.tex \ ../slides/7/semi.tex \ ../slides/7/kurven.tex \ ../slides/7/einparameter.tex \ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex index 5878164..079cf16 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ \folie{7/mannigfaltigkeit.tex} \folie{7/sl2.tex} \folie{7/drehung.tex} +\folie{7/drehanim.tex} \folie{7/semi.tex} \folie{7/kurven.tex} \folie{7/einparameter.tex} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehanim.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehanim.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac136f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehanim.tex @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +% +% template.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup + +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} +\def\punkt#1#2{ ({\A*(#1)+\B*(#2)},{\C*(#1)+\D*(#2)}) } + +\makeatletter +\hoffset=-2cm +\advance\textwidth2cm +\hsize\textwidth +\columnwidth\textwidth +\makeatother + +\begin{frame}[t,plain] +\vspace{-5pt} +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] + +\fill[color=white] (-4,-4) rectangle (9,4.5); + +\def\a{60} + +\pgfmathparse{tan(\a)} +\xdef\T{\pgfmathresult} + +\pgfmathparse{-sin(\a)*cos(\a)} +\xdef\S{\pgfmathresult} + +\pgfmathparse{1/cos(\a)} +\xdef\E{\pgfmathresult} + +\def\N{20} +\pgfmathparse{2*\N} +\xdef\Nzwei{\pgfmathresult} +\pgfmathparse{3*\N} +\xdef\Ndrei{\pgfmathresult} + +\node at (4.2,4.2) [below right] {\begin{minipage}{7cm} +\begin{block}{$\operatorname{SO}(2)\subset\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$} +\begin{itemize} +\item Thus most $A\in\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ can be parametrized +as shear mappings and axis rescalings +\[ +A= +\begin{pmatrix}d&0\\0&d^{-1}\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix}1&s\\0&1\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\t&1\end{pmatrix} +\] +\item Most rotations can be decomposed into a product of +shear mappings and axis rescalings +\end{itemize} +\end{block} +\end{minipage}}; + +\foreach \d in {1,2,...,\Ndrei}{ + % Scherung in Y-Richtung + \ifnum \d>\N + \pgfmathparse{\T} + \else + \pgfmathparse{\T*(\d-1)/(\N-1)} + \fi + \xdef\t{\pgfmathresult} + + % Scherung in X-Richtung + \ifnum \d>\Nzwei + \xdef\s{\S} + \else + \ifnum \d<\N + \xdef\s{0} + \else + \ifnum \d=\N + \xdef\s{0} + \else + \pgfmathparse{\S*(\d-\N-1)/(\N-1)} + \xdef\s{\pgfmathresult} + \fi + \fi + \fi + + % Reskalierung der Achsen + \ifnum \d>\Nzwei + \pgfmathparse{exp(ln(\E)*(\d-2*\N-1)/(\N-1))} + \else + \pgfmathparse{1} + \fi + \xdef\e{\pgfmathresult} + + % Matrixelemente + \pgfmathparse{(\e)*((\s)*(\t)+1)} + \xdef\A{\pgfmathresult} + + \pgfmathparse{(\e)*(\s)} + \xdef\B{\pgfmathresult} + + \pgfmathparse{(\t)/(\e)} + \xdef\C{\pgfmathresult} + + \pgfmathparse{1/(\e)} + \xdef\D{\pgfmathresult} + + \only<\d>{ + \node at (5.0,-0.9) [below right] {$ + \begin{aligned} + t &= \t \\ + s &= \s \\ + d &= \e \\ + D &= \begin{pmatrix} + \A&\B\\ + \C&\D + \end{pmatrix} + \qquad + \only<60>{\checkmark} + \end{aligned} + $}; + } + + \begin{scope} + \clip (-4.05,-4.05) rectangle (4.05,4.05); + \only<\d>{ + \foreach \x in {-6,...,6}{ + \draw[color=blue,line width=0.5pt] + \punkt{\x}{-12} -- \punkt{\x}{12}; + } + \foreach \y in {-12,...,12}{ + \draw[color=darkgreen,line width=0.5pt] + \punkt{-6}{\y} -- \punkt{6}{\y}; + } + + \foreach \r in {1,2,3,4}{ + \draw[color=red] plot[domain=0:359,samples=360] + ({\r*(\A*cos(\x)+\B*sin(\x))},{\r*(\C*cos(\x)+\D*sin(\x))}) + -- + cycle; + } + } + \end{scope} + +% \uncover<\d>{ +% \node at (5,4) {\d}; +% } +} + +\draw[->] (-4,0) -- (4.2,0) coordinate[label={$x$}]; +\draw[->] (0,-4) -- (0,4.2) coordinate[label={right:$y$}]; + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex index 7744e99..2d7b317 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ D_{60^\circ} {\tiny \begin{pmatrix}2&0\\0&\frac12\end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix}1&-\frac{\sqrt{3}}4\\0&1\end{pmatrix} -\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\\frac{\sqrt{3}}2&1\end{pmatrix} +\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\\sqrt{3}&1\end{pmatrix} } \] \end{block}} @@ -81,14 +81,14 @@ c^{-1}&0\\ 0 &c \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} --st&-s\\ - t& 1 +1-st&-s\\ + t& 1 \end{pmatrix} } \\ &\uncover<6->{= \begin{pmatrix} -{\color<11->{orange}-stc^{-1}}&{\color<10->{darkgreen}sc^{-1}}\\ +{\color<11->{orange}(1-st)c^{-1}}&{\color<10->{darkgreen}sc^{-1}}\\ {\color<9->{blue}ct}&{\color<8->{red}c} \end{pmatrix}} \uncover<7->{= @@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ t}&=\rlap{$\displaystyle\frac{\sin\alpha}{c} = \tan\alpha$}}\\ } \\ \uncover<11->{ -{\color{orange} -stc^{-t}} +{\color{orange} (1-st)c^{-t}} &= -\rlap{$\sin\alpha\tan\alpha = \cos\alpha \quad $} +\rlap{$\displaystyle\frac{(1-\sin^2\alpha)}{\cos\alpha} = \cos\alpha $} } \end{align*} \end{block}} -- cgit v1.2.1 From 2a2f981422ab9c2ab11c69c19b87ffda6d0f855a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2021 14:03:27 +0200 Subject: typo --- vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex index 12b5221..52c8e4a 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ D_{x,\alpha} D_{y,\beta} &= \begin{pmatrix} -\cos\beta&0&-\sin\beta\\0&1&0\\\sin\beta&0&\cos\beta +\cos\beta&0&\sin\beta\\0&1&0\\-\sin\beta&0&\cos\beta \end{pmatrix} } \\ -- cgit v1.2.1 From 3fe0e1a234175903de4a161444b9db9810956f9d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 2021 09:03:37 +0200 Subject: add new slides --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex | 4 +- vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex | 2 +- vorlesungen/slides/7/zusammenhang.tex | 99 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 104 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/zusammenhang.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc index 7afeea1..3e99415 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -18,5 +18,6 @@ chapter5 = \ ../slides/7/liealgebra.tex \ ../slides/7/kommutator.tex \ ../slides/7/dg.tex \ + ../slides/7/zusammenhang.tex \ ../slides/7/chapter.tex diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex index 079cf16..7f9f72a 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -17,3 +17,4 @@ \folie{7/liealgebra.tex} \folie{7/kommutator.tex} \folie{7/dg.tex} +\folie{7/zusammenhang.tex} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex index 2d7b317..02201d4 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/drehung.tex @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ D_{60^\circ} \begin{column}{0.58\textwidth} \uncover<4->{% \begin{block}{Ansatz} -\vspace{-12pt} +%\vspace{-12pt} \begin{align*} DST &= @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ c^{-1}&0\\ \vspace{-10pt} \uncover<7->{% \begin{block}{Koeffizientenvergleich} -\vspace{-15pt} +%\vspace{-15pt} \begin{align*} \uncover<8->{ {\color{red} c} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex index 52c8e4a..f3579a3 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/parameter.tex @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.4\textwidth} \begin{block}{Drehung um Achsen} -\vspace{-12pt} +%\vspace{-12pt} \begin{align*} \uncover<2->{ D_{x,\alpha} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/zusammenhang.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/zusammenhang.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a43cd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/zusammenhang.tex @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +% +% template.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Zusammenhang} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Zusammenhängend --- oder nicht} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\def\ds{2.4} +\coordinate (A) at (0,0); +\coordinate (B) at (\ds,0); +\coordinate (C) at ({2*\ds},0); + +\node at (A) {$\operatorname{SO}(n)$}; +\node at (B) {$\operatorname{O}(n)$}; +\node at (C) {$\{\pm 1\}$}; + +\draw[->,shorten <= 0.6cm,shorten >= 0.5cm] (A) -- (B); +\draw[->,shorten <= 0.5cm,shorten >= 0.5cm] (B) -- (C); +\node at ($0.5*(B)+0.5*(C)$) [above] {$\det$}; + +\coordinate (A2) at (0,-1.0); +\coordinate (B2) at (\ds,-1.0); +\coordinate (C2) at ({2*\ds},-1.0); + +\draw[color=blue] (A2) ellipse (1cm and 0.3cm); +\draw[color=blue] (B2) ellipse (1cm and 0.3cm); +\node[color=blue] at (C2) {$+1$}; + +\coordinate (A3) at (0,-1.7); +\coordinate (B3) at (\ds,-1.7); +\coordinate (C3) at ({2*\ds},-1.7); + +\draw[->,shorten <= 1.1cm,shorten >= 0.3cm] (B2) -- (C2); +\draw[->,shorten <= 1.1cm,shorten >= 0.3cm] (B3) -- (C3); + +\draw[color=red] (B3) ellipse (1cm and 0.3cm); +\node[color=red] at (C3) {$-1$}; + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\end{block} +\begin{block}{Zusammenhangskomponente von $e$} +$G_e\subset G$ grösste zusammenhängende Menge, die $e$ enthält: +\begin{align*} +\operatorname{SO}(n)&\subset \operatorname{O}(n) +\\ +\{A\in\operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})\,|\, \det A > 0\} + &\subset \operatorname{GL}_n(\mathbb{R}) +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Eigenschaften} +\begin{itemize} +\item +{\bf Untergruppe}: $\gamma_i(t)$ Weg von $e$ nach $g_i$, +dann ist +\begin{itemize} +\item +$\gamma_1(t)\gamma_2(t)$ ein Weg von $e$ nach $g_1g_2$ +\item +$\gamma_1(t)^{-1}$ Weg von $e$ nach $g_1^{-1}$ +\end{itemize} +\item +{\bf Normalteiler}: $\gamma(t)$ ein Weg von $e$ nach $g$, dann +ist $h\gamma(t)h^{-1}$ ein Weg von $h$ nach $hgh^{-1}$ +$\Rightarrow hG_eh^{-1}\subset G_e$ +\end{itemize} +\end{block} +\begin{block}{Quotient} +$G/G_e$ ist eine diskrete Gruppe +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\coordinate (A) at (0,0); +\coordinate (B) at (2,0); +\coordinate (C) at (4,0); +\node at (A) {$G_e$}; +\node at (B) {$G$}; +\node at (C) {$G/G_e$}; +\draw [->,shorten <= 0.3cm,shorten >= 0.3cm] (A) -- (B); +\draw [->,shorten <= 0.3cm,shorten >= 0.5cm] (B) -- (C); +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\vspace{-7pt} +$\Rightarrow$ $G_e$ und $G/G_e$ separat studieren +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1 From 198d6bf1a4d2076025bcb3a6fe7f46948187c5bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 2021 17:36:51 +0200 Subject: new slides --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 5 ++ vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 5 ++ vorlesungen/slides/7/haar.tex | 84 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/hopf.tex | 69 +++++++++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/qdreh.tex | 110 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/quaternionen.tex | 74 ++++++++++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/ueberlagerung.tex | 98 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7 files changed, 445 insertions(+) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/haar.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/hopf.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/qdreh.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/quaternionen.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/ueberlagerung.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc index 3e99415..7512612 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -19,5 +19,10 @@ chapter5 = \ ../slides/7/kommutator.tex \ ../slides/7/dg.tex \ ../slides/7/zusammenhang.tex \ + ../slides/7/quaternionen.tex \ + ../slides/7/qdreh.tex \ + ../slides/7/ueberlagerung.tex \ + ../slides/7/hopf.tex \ + ../slides/7/haar.tex \ ../slides/7/chapter.tex diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex index 7f9f72a..1c78ccc 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -18,3 +18,8 @@ \folie{7/kommutator.tex} \folie{7/dg.tex} \folie{7/zusammenhang.tex} +\folie{7/quaternionen.tex} +\folie{7/qdreh.tex} +\folie{7/ueberlagerung.tex} +\folie{7/hopf.tex} +\folie{7/haar.tex} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/haar.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/haar.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..454dd69 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/haar.tex @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +% +% haar.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Haar-Mass} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Invariantes Mass} +Auf jeder lokalkompakten Gruppe $G$ gibt es ein \only<2->{invariantes }% +Integral +\begin{align*} +\uncover<2->{\text{rechts:}}&& +\int_G f(g)\,d\mu(g) +&\uncover<2->{= +\int_G f(gh)\,d\mu(g)} +\\ +\uncover<3->{ +\text{links:}&& +\int_G f(g)\,d\mu(g) +&= +\int_G f(hg)\,d\mu(g)} +\end{align*} + +\end{block} +\uncover<7->{% +\begin{block}{Modulus-Funktion} +$\mu$ linksinvariant, dann ist die Rechtsverschiebung ebenfalls +linksinvariant +\[ +\int_G f(gh) \, d\mu(g) +\uncover<8->{ += +\int_G f(g) \Delta(h)\, d\mu(g) +} +\] +\uncover<9->{$\Delta(h)$ heisst Modulus-Funktion} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<4->{% +\begin{block}{Beispiel: $G=\mathbb{R}$} +\[ +\int_Gf(g)\,d\mu(g) += +\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(x)\,dx +\] +\end{block}} +\vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<5->{% +\begin{block}{Beispiel: $\operatorname{SO}(2)$} +\[ +\int_{\operatorname{SO}(2)} +f(g)\,d\mu(g) += +\frac{1}{2\pi} +\int_{0}^{2\pi} f(D_{\alpha})\,d\alpha +\] +\end{block}} +\vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<6->{% +\begin{block}{Beispiel: $G$ endlich} +\[ +\int_G f(g)\,d\mu(g) = \frac{1}{|G|}\sum_{g\in G}f(g) +\] +\end{block}} +\vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<10->{% +\begin{block}{Unimodular} +$\Delta(h)=1$ heisst rechtsinvariant = linksinvariant +\\ +\uncover<11->{% +$G$ kompakt $\Rightarrow$ unimodular +} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/hopf.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/hopf.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a90737f --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/hopf.tex @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +% +% hopf.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Orbit-Räume} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Aktion von $\operatorname{SO}(3)$ auf $S^2$} +\begin{align*} +S^2 &= \{x\in\mathbb{R}^3\;|\; |x|=1\} +\\ +\operatorname{SO}(3) \times S^2 &\to S^2: (g, x) \mapsto gx +\end{align*} +\uncover<2->{% +Allgemein: Aktion von $G$ auf $X$ +\begin{align*} +\text{links:}&& +G\times X \to X &: (g,x) \mapsto gx +\\ +\text{rechts:}&& +X\times G \to X &: (x,g) \mapsto xg +\end{align*}} +\end{block} +\vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<3->{% +\begin{block}{Stabilisator} +Zu $x\in X$ gibt es eine Untergruppe +\begin{align*} +G_x = \{g\in G\;|\; gx=x\}, +\end{align*} +der {\em Stabilisator} von $x$. + +\uncover<4->{% +Der Stabilisator von $v\in S^2$ ist die Gruppe der Drehungen um +die Achse $v$} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<5->{% +\begin{block}{Quotient} +$G$ operiert von rechts auf $X$ +\[ +X/G = \{ xG \;|\; x\in X\} +\] +heisst Quotient +\end{block}} +\uncover<6->{ +\begin{block}{$\operatorname{SO}(3)/\operatorname{SO}(2)$} +Wähle $\operatorname{SO}(2)$ als Drehungen um die $z$-Achse: +\[ +\operatorname{SO}(3) \to S^2 +: +g \mapsto \text{letzte Spalte von $g$} +\] +\uncover<7->{Daher +\[ +S^2 \cong \operatorname{SO}(3) / \operatorname{SO}(2) +\]} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/qdreh.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/qdreh.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ed512a --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/qdreh.tex @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +% +% template.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Drehungen mit Quaternionen} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Drehung?} +Abbildung von $\vec{x}$ mit $\operatorname{Re}\vec{x}=0$: +\[ +\varrho_{q} +\colon +\vec{x}\mapsto q\vec{x}q^{-1} = q\vec{x}\overline{q} +\] +\end{block} +\uncover<2->{% +\begin{block}{Achse} +\begin{align*} +\varrho_q(q) +&= +qq\overline{q} +\uncover<3->{= +q(qq^{-1})} +\uncover<4->{= +q} +\end{align*} +\end{block}} +\uncover<4->{% +\begin{block}{Norm} +\begin{align*} +|\varrho_q(\vec{x})|^2 +&= +q\vec{x}\overline{q}\overline{(q\vec{x}\overline{q})} +\uncover<5->{= +q\vec{x}\overline{q}\overline{\overline{q}}\overline{\vec{x}}\overline{q} +} +\\ +&\uncover<6->{= +q\vec{x}(\overline{q}q)\overline{\vec{x}}\overline{q}} +\uncover<7->{= +q(\vec{x}\overline{\vec{x}})\overline{q}} +\uncover<8->{= +q\overline{q}|\vec{x}|^2} +\\ +&\uncover<9->{= +|\vec{x}|^2} +\end{align*} +\uncover<10->{% +$\Rightarrow$ $\varrho_q\in\operatorname{O}(3)$} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<11->{% +\begin{block}{Drehung!} +$\vec{a},\vec{b},\vec{n}$ bilden ein on.~Rechtssystem +\begin{align*} +\uncover<12->{ +qa +&= +c\vec{a}+s\vec{n}\times \vec{a}} +\uncover<13->{= +c\vec{a} + s\vec{b}} +\\ +\uncover<14->{ +q\vec{a}\overline{q} +&= +(c\vec{a}+s\vec{b}) c +-(c\vec{a}+s\vec{b})\times s\vec{n}} +\\ +&\uncover<15->{= +c^2 \vec{a}+ sc\vec{b} ++sc\vec{b} - s^2 \vec{a}} +\\ +&\uncover<16->{= +\vec{a} \cos\alpha +\vec{b} \sin\alpha } +\end{align*} +\vspace{-5pt} +\uncover<17->{wegen +%\vspace{-5pt} +\[ +\begin{aligned} +\cos\alpha &= \cos^2\frac{\alpha}2 - \sin^2\frac{\alpha}2 &&=c^2-s^2 +\\ +\sin\alpha &= 2\cos\frac{\alpha}2\sin\frac{\alpha}2&&=2cs +\end{aligned}\]} +\end{block}} +\vspace{-18pt} +\uncover<18->{% +\begin{block}{Matrix} +\[ +D += +\tiny +\begin{pmatrix} +1-2(q_2^2+q_3^2)&-2q_0q_3+2q_1q_2&-2q_0q_2+2q_1q_3\\ + 2q_0q_3+2q_1q_2&1-2(q_1^2+q_3^2)&-2q_0q_1+2q_2q_3\\ +-2q_0q_2+2q_1q_3& 2q_0q_1+2q_2q_3&1-2(q_1^2+q_2^2) +\end{pmatrix} +\] +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/quaternionen.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/quaternionen.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f526366 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/quaternionen.tex @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +% +% quaternionen.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Quaternionen} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Quaternionen} +$4$-dimensionaler $\mathbb{R}$-Vektorraum +\[ +\mathbb{H} += +\langle 1,i,j,k\rangle_{\mathbb{R}} +\] +mit Rechenregeln +\[ +i^2=j^2=k^2=ijk=-1 +\] +$x=x_0+x_1i+x_2j+x_3k\in\mathbb{H}$ +\begin{itemize} +\item<2-> Realteil: $\operatorname{Re}x=x_0$ +\item<3-> Vektorteil: $\operatorname{Im}x=x_1i+x_2j+x_3k$ +\item<4-> Konjugation: $\overline{x}=\operatorname{Re}x-\operatorname{Im}x$ +\item<5-> Norm: $|x|^2 = x\overline{x} = x_0^2+x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2$ +\item<6-> Inverse: $x^{1}= \overline{x}/x\overline{x}$ +\end{itemize} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.50\textwidth} +\uncover<7->{% +\begin{block}{Skalarprodukt und Vektorprodukt} +\begin{align*} +pq +&= +\operatorname{Re}p \operatorname{Re}q +- +\operatorname{Im}p\cdot \operatorname{Im}q +\\ +&\phantom{=} ++ +\operatorname{Re}p\operatorname{Im}q ++ +\operatorname{Im}p\operatorname{Re}q ++ +\operatorname{Im}p\times\operatorname{Im}q +\end{align*} +\end{block}} +\uncover<8->{% +\begin{block}{Einheitsquaternionen} +$q\in \mathbb{H}$, $|q|=1, q^{-1}=\overline{q}$ +\end{block}} +\uncover<9->{% +\begin{block}{Polardarstellung} +\[ +q = \cos\frac{\alpha}2 + \vec{n} \sin\frac{\alpha}2 +\] +\vspace{-8pt} +\begin{itemize} +\item<10-> +Drehmatrix: 9 Parameter, 6 Bedingungen +\item<11-> +Quaternionen: 4 Parameter, 1 Bedingung +\end{itemize} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/ueberlagerung.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/ueberlagerung.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..426641a --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/ueberlagerung.tex @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +% +% ueberlagerung.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{$S^3$, $\operatorname{SU}(2)$ und $\operatorname{SO}(3)$} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.38\textwidth} +\uncover<6->{% +\begin{block}{Überlagerung} +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\coordinate (A) at (0,0); +\coordinate (B) at (2,0); +\coordinate (C) at (2,-2); +\coordinate (D) at (0,-2); + +\uncover<7->{ +\node at (A) {$\{\pm 1\}\mathstrut$}; +} +\uncover<6->{ +\node at (B) {$S^3\mathstrut$}; +\node at ($(B)+(0.1,0)$) [right] {$=\operatorname{SU}(2)\mathstrut$}; +} +\uncover<7->{ +\node at (C) {$\operatorname{SO}(3)\mathstrut$}; +\node at (D) {$\{I\}\mathstrut$}; +} + +\uncover<7->{ +\draw[->,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.5cm] (A) -- (B); +\draw[->,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] (A) -- (D); +\draw[->,shorten >= 0.3cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] (B) -- (C); +\draw[->,shorten >= 0.6cm,shorten <= 0.3cm] (D) -- (C); +} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center} +\begin{itemize} +\item<7-> +$\pm q\in S^3$ $\Rightarrow$ $\varrho_{q}=\varrho_{-q}$ +\item<8-> +In der Nähe von $I$ sehen die Gruppen +$\operatorname{SO}(3)$ +und +$\operatorname{SU}(2)$ +``gleich'' aus +\item<9-> +$\operatorname{SU}(2)$ ist geometrisch ``einfacher'' +\end{itemize} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.58\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Pauli-Matrizen} +Quaternionen als $2\times 2$-Matrizen schreiben +\begin{align*} +1&=\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&1\end{pmatrix}=\sigma_0, +& +i&=\begin{pmatrix}0&i\\i&0\end{pmatrix}=-i\sigma_1 +\\ +j&=\begin{pmatrix}0&-1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}=-i\sigma_2, +& +k&=\begin{pmatrix}i&0\\0&-i\end{pmatrix}=-i\sigma_3 +\end{align*} +\uncover<2->{% +erfüllen $i^2=j^2=k^2=ijk=-1$.} +\end{block} +\uncover<3->{% +\begin{block}{$S^3 = \operatorname{SU}(2)$} +\[ +a+bi+cj+dk += +\begin{pmatrix} +a+id&-c+bi\\ +c+ib&a-id +\end{pmatrix} += +A +\] +\begin{align*} +\uncover<4->{ +\det A &= a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2 = 1 +} +\\ +\uncover<5->{ +A^* &= a - ib - jc - kd +} +\end{align*} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1 From 9247dde37fc0283a4600ad73586ba155565ffe3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 2021 17:42:24 +0200 Subject: some improvements --- vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex index 66b8d27..cd974c9 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/semi.tex @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ Wirkung auf $\mathbb{R}^2$: \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \uncover<3->{% \begin{block}{Verknüpfung} -\vspace{-15pt} +%\vspace{-15pt} \begin{align*} (e^{s_1},t_1)(e^{s_2},t_2)x &\uncover<4->{= @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ e^{s_1+s_2}x + e^{s_1}t_2+t_1} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \uncover<7->{% \begin{block}{Verknüpfung} -\vspace{-15pt} +%\vspace{-15pt} \begin{align*} (\alpha_1,\vec{t}_1) (\alpha_2,\vec{t}_2) @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ e^{s_1+s_2}x + e^{s_1}t_2+t_1} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \uncover<11->{% \begin{block}{Matrixschreibweise} -\vspace{-12pt} +%\vspace{-12pt} \[ g=(e^s,t) = \begin{pmatrix} @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ e^s&t\\ \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \uncover<12->{% \begin{block}{Matrixschreibweise} -\vspace{-12pt} +%\vspace{-12pt} \[ g=(\alpha,\vec{t}) = \begin{pmatrix} -- cgit v1.2.1 From 98ab0ab3093b347b6cfe86168e9b6a8021116b5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 08:14:07 +0200 Subject: add new slides --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex | 4 +- vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex | 6 +-- vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgbeispiel.tex | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 5 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgbeispiel.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc index 7512612..84b4e32 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ chapter5 = \ ../slides/7/einparameter.tex \ ../slides/7/ableitung.tex \ ../slides/7/liealgebra.tex \ + ../slides/7/liealgbeispiel.tex \ ../slides/7/kommutator.tex \ ../slides/7/dg.tex \ ../slides/7/zusammenhang.tex \ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex index 1c78ccc..65017c7 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ \folie{7/einparameter.tex} \folie{7/ableitung.tex} \folie{7/liealgebra.tex} +\folie{7/liealgbeispiel.tex} \folie{7/kommutator.tex} \folie{7/dg.tex} \folie{7/zusammenhang.tex} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex index 4447bac..f9528a4 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/dg.tex @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Ableitung von $\gamma(t)$ an der Stelle $t$: \vspace{-10pt} \uncover<7->{% \begin{block}{Differentialgleichung} -\vspace{-10pt} +%\vspace{-10pt} \[ \dot{\gamma}(t) = \gamma(t) A \quad @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ Exponentialfunktion \vspace{-5pt} \uncover<9->{% \begin{block}{Kontrolle: Tangentialvektor berechnen} -\vspace{-10pt} +%\vspace{-10pt} \begin{align*} \frac{d}{dt}e^{At} &\uncover<10->{= diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex index 5171085..a32affd 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/einparameter.tex @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ D_{x,t+s} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \uncover<5->{% \begin{block}{Scherungen in $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$} -\vspace{-12pt} +%\vspace{-12pt} \[ \begin{pmatrix} 1&s\\ @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ D_{x,t+s} \vspace{-12pt} \uncover<6->{% \begin{block}{Skalierungen in $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{R})$} -\vspace{-12pt} +%\vspace{-12pt} \[ \begin{pmatrix} e^s&0\\0&e^{-s} @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ e^{t+s}&0\\0&e^{-(t+s)} \vspace{-12pt} \uncover<7->{% \begin{block}{Gemischt} -\vspace{-12pt} +%\vspace{-12pt} \begin{gather*} A_t = I \cosh t + \begin{pmatrix}1&a\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}\sinh t \\ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgbeispiel.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgbeispiel.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a17de40 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/liealgbeispiel.tex @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ +% +% liealgbeispiel.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Lie-Algebra Beispiele} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{$\operatorname{sl}_2(\mathbb{R})$} +Spurlose Matrizen: +\[ +\operatorname{sl}_2(\mathbb{R}) += +\{A\in M_n(\mathbb{R})\;|\; \operatorname{Spur}A=0\} +\] +\end{block} +\begin{block}{Lie-Algebra?} +Nachrechnen: $[A,B]\in \operatorname{sl}_2(\mathbb{R})$: +\begin{align*} +\operatorname{Spur}([A,B]) +&= +\operatorname{Spur}(AB-BA) +\\ +&= +\operatorname{Spur}(AB)-\operatorname{Spur}(BA) +\\ +&= +\operatorname{Spur}(AB)-\operatorname{Spur}(AB) +\\ +&=0 +\end{align*} +$\Rightarrow$ $\operatorname{sl}_2(\mathbb{R})$ ist eine Lie-Algebra +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{$\operatorname{so}(n)$} +Antisymmetrische Matrizen: +\[ +\operatorname{so}(n) += +\{A\in M_n(\mathbb{R}) +\;|\; +A=-A^t +\} +\] +\end{block} +\begin{block}{Lie-Algebra?} +Nachrechnen: $A,B\in \operatorname{so}(n)$ +\begin{align*} +[A,B]^t +&= +(AB-BA)^t +\\ +&= +B^tA^t - A^tB^t +\\ +&= +(-B)(-A)-(-A)(-B) +\\ +&= +BA-AB += +-(AB-BA) +\\ +&= +-[A,B] +\end{align*} +$\Rightarrow$ $\operatorname{so}(n)$ ist eine Lie-Algebra +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1 From 57bae13dbcac294db8eca8c48612aa46537371bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 09:15:45 +0200 Subject: add new slides --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/vektorlie.tex | 206 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 208 insertions(+) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/vektorlie.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc index 84b4e32..aac9585 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ chapter5 = \ ../slides/7/ableitung.tex \ ../slides/7/liealgebra.tex \ ../slides/7/liealgbeispiel.tex \ + ../slides/7/vektorlie.tex \ ../slides/7/kommutator.tex \ ../slides/7/dg.tex \ ../slides/7/zusammenhang.tex \ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex index 65017c7..668c2a7 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ \folie{7/ableitung.tex} \folie{7/liealgebra.tex} \folie{7/liealgbeispiel.tex} +\folie{7/vektorlie.tex} \folie{7/kommutator.tex} \folie{7/dg.tex} \folie{7/zusammenhang.tex} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/vektorlie.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/vektorlie.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..621a832 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/vektorlie.tex @@ -0,0 +1,206 @@ +% +% viktorlie.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Vektorprodukt als Lie-Algebra} +%\vspace{-10pt} +\centering +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\arraycolsep=2.4pt +\def\Ax{0} +\def\Ux{4.1} +\def\Kx{7.2} +\def\Rx{13.1} + +\def\Lx{2.2} +\def\Ly{0} +\def\Lz{-2.2} + +\fill[color=red!20] (\Ax,{\Lx-1.55}) rectangle ({\Ux-0.1},{\Lx+0.55}); +\fill[color=red!20] (\Ux,{\Lx-1.55}) rectangle ({\Kx-0.1},{\Lx+0.55}); +\fill[color=red!20] (\Kx,{\Lx-1.55}) rectangle ({\Rx},{\Lx+0.55}); + +\fill[color=darkgreen!20] (\Ax,{\Ly-1.55}) rectangle ({\Ux-0.1},{\Ly+0.55}); +\fill[color=darkgreen!20] (\Ux,{\Ly-1.55}) rectangle ({\Kx-0.1},{\Ly+0.55}); +\fill[color=darkgreen!20] (\Kx,{\Ly-1.55}) rectangle ({\Rx},{\Ly+0.55}); + +\fill[color=blue!20] (\Ax,{\Lz-1.55}) rectangle ({\Ux-0.1},{\Lz+0.55}); +\fill[color=blue!20] (\Ux,{\Lz-1.55}) rectangle ({\Kx-0.1},{\Lz+0.55}); +\fill[color=blue!20] (\Kx,{\Lz-1.55}) rectangle ({\Rx},{\Lz+0.55}); + +\coordinate (A) at (\Ax,3.2); +\coordinate (Ax) at (\Ax,\Lx); +\coordinate (Ay) at (\Ax,\Ly); +\coordinate (Az) at (\Ax,\Lz); + +\node at (A) [right] + {\usebeamercolor[fg]{title}Drehmatrix, $\operatorname{SO}(n)$\strut}; + +\node at (Ax) [right] {$\displaystyle\tiny +D_{x,\alpha}=\begin{pmatrix} +1&0&0\\ +0&\cos\alpha&-\sin\alpha\\ +0&\sin\alpha&\cos\alpha +\end{pmatrix}$}; + +\node at (Ay) [right] {$\displaystyle\tiny +D_{y,\alpha}=\begin{pmatrix} +\cos\alpha&0&\sin\alpha\\ +0&1&0\\ +-\sin\alpha&0&\cos\alpha +\end{pmatrix}$}; + +\node at (Az) [right] {$\displaystyle\tiny +D_{z,\alpha}=\begin{pmatrix} +\cos\alpha&-\sin\alpha&0\\ +\sin\alpha&\cos\alpha&0\\ +0&0&1 +\end{pmatrix}$}; + +\coordinate (U) at (\Ux,3.2); +\coordinate (Ux) at (\Ux,\Lx); +\coordinate (Uy) at (\Ux,\Ly); +\coordinate (Uz) at (\Ux,\Lz); +\coordinate (Ex) at (\Ux,{\Lx-1}); +\coordinate (Ey) at (\Ux,{\Ly-1}); +\coordinate (Ez) at (\Ux,{\Lz-1}); + +\uncover<2->{ +\node at (U) [right] + {\usebeamercolor[fg]{title}Ableitung, $\operatorname{so}(n)$\strut}; + +\node at (Ux) [right] {$\displaystyle\tiny +U_x=\begin{pmatrix*}[r] +0&0&0\\ +0&0&-1\\ +0&1&0 +\end{pmatrix*} +$}; + +\node at (Uy) [right] {$\displaystyle\tiny +U_y=\begin{pmatrix*}[r] +0&0&1\\ +0&0&0\\ +-1&0&0 +\end{pmatrix*} +$}; + +\node at (Uz) [right] {$\displaystyle\tiny +U_z=\begin{pmatrix*}[r] +0&-1&0\\ +1&0&0\\ +0&0&0 +\end{pmatrix*} +$}; +} + +\uncover<9->{ +\node at (Ex) [right] {$\displaystyle +\, e_x = \tiny\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\\0\end{pmatrix} +$}; + +\node at (Ey) [right] {$\displaystyle +\, e_y = \tiny\begin{pmatrix}0\\1\\0\end{pmatrix} +$}; + +\node at (Ez) [right] {$\displaystyle +\, e_z = \tiny\begin{pmatrix}0\\0\\1\end{pmatrix} +$}; +} + +\coordinate (K) at (\Kx,3.2); +\coordinate (Kx) at (\Kx,\Lx); +\coordinate (Ky) at (\Kx,\Ly); +\coordinate (Kz) at (\Kx,\Lz); +\coordinate (Vx) at (\Kx,{\Lx-1}); +\coordinate (Vy) at (\Kx,{\Ly-1}); +\coordinate (Vz) at (\Kx,{\Lz-1}); + +\uncover<3->{ +\node at (K) [right] + {\usebeamercolor[fg]{title}Kommutator\strut}; + +\node at (Kx) [right] {$\displaystyle +\begin{aligned} +[U_y,U_z] &\uncover<4->{= +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix} +0&0&0\\ +0&0&0\\ +0&1&0 +\end{pmatrix}} +\uncover<5->{\mathstrut- +\tiny +\begin{pmatrix} +0&0&0\\ +0&0&1\\ +0&0&0 +\end{pmatrix}}} +\uncover<6->{=U_x} +\end{aligned} +$}; +} + +\uncover<7->{ +\node at (Ky) [right] {$\displaystyle +\begin{aligned} +[U_z,U_x] &= +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix} +0&0&1\\ +0&0&0\\ +0&0&0 +\end{pmatrix} +- +\begin{pmatrix} +0&0&0\\ +0&0&0\\ +1&0&0 +\end{pmatrix}} +=U_y +\end{aligned} +$}; +} + +\uncover<8->{ +\node at (Kz) [right] {$\displaystyle +\begin{aligned} +[U_x,U_y] &= +{\tiny +\begin{pmatrix} +0&0&0\\ +1&0&0\\ +0&0&0 +\end{pmatrix} +- +\begin{pmatrix} +0&1&0\\ +0&0&0\\ +0&0&0 +\end{pmatrix}} +=U_z +\end{aligned} +$}; +} + +\uncover<10->{ +\node at (Vx) [right] {$\displaystyle \phantom{]}e_y\times e_z = e_x$}; +} + +\uncover<11->{ +\node at (Vy) [right] {$\displaystyle \phantom{]}e_z\times e_x = e_y$}; +} + +\uncover<12->{ +\node at (Vz) [right] {$\displaystyle \phantom{]}e_x\times e_y = e_z$}; +} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{frame} +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1 From 7a40535a3251eb7954a30a81f3db0a42364091fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 10:45:04 +0200 Subject: add new slide --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/bch.tex | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 1 + 3 files changed, 78 insertions(+) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/bch.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc index aac9585..8b2b9e0 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ chapter5 = \ ../slides/7/liealgbeispiel.tex \ ../slides/7/vektorlie.tex \ ../slides/7/kommutator.tex \ + ../slides/7/bch.tex \ ../slides/7/dg.tex \ ../slides/7/zusammenhang.tex \ ../slides/7/quaternionen.tex \ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/bch.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/bch.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3fad600 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/bch.tex @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +% +% bch.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff-Formel} +$g(t),h(t)\in G +\uncover<2->{\Rightarrow \exists A,B\in LG\text{ mit } +g(t)=\exp At, h(t)=\exp Bt}$ +\uncover<3->{% +\begin{align*} +g(t) +&= +I + At + \frac{A^2t^2}{2!} + \frac{A^3t^3}{3!} + \dots, +& +h(t) +&= +I + Bt + \frac{B^2t^2}{2!} + \frac{B^3t^3}{3!} + \dots +\end{align*}} +\uncover<5->{% +\begin{block}{Kommutator in G: $c(t) = g(t)h(t)g(t)^{1}h(t)^{-1}$} +\begin{align*} +\uncover<6->{c(t) +&= +\biggl( + {\color<7,9-11,13-15,19-21>{red}I} + + {\color<8,16-19>{red}A}t + + \frac{{\color<12>{red}A^2}t^2}{2!} + + \dots +\biggr) +\biggl( + {\color<7,8,10-12,14-15,17-18,21>{red}I} + + {\color<9,16,19-20>{red}B}t + + \frac{{\color<13>{red}B^2}t^2}{2!} + + \dots +\biggr) +\exp(-{\color<10,14,17,19,21>{red}A}t) +\exp(-{\color<11,15,18,20-21>{red}B}t) +} +\\ +&\uncover<7->{={\color<7>{red}I}} +\uncover<8->{+t( + \uncover<8->{ {\color<8>{red}A}} + \uncover<9->{+ {\color<9>{red}B}} + \uncover<10->{- {\color<10>{red}A}} + \uncover<11->{- {\color<11>{red}B}} +)} +\uncover<12->{+\frac{t^2}{2!}( + \uncover<12->{ {\color<12>{red}A^2}} + \uncover<13->{+ {\color<13>{red}B^2}} + \uncover<14->{+ {\color<14>{red}A^2}} + \uncover<15->{+ {\color<15>{red}B^2}} +)} +\\ +&\phantom{\mathstrut=I} +\uncover<12->{+t^2( + \uncover<16->{ {\color<16>{red}AB}} + \uncover<17->{- {\color<17>{red}A^2}} + \uncover<18->{- {\color<18>{red}AB}} + \uncover<19->{- {\color<19>{red}BA}} + \uncover<20->{- {\color<20>{red}B^2}} + \uncover<21->{+ {\color<21>{red}AB}} +)} +\uncover<22->{+t^3(\dots)+\dots} +\\ +&\uncover<23->{= +I + \frac{t^2}{2}[A,B] + o(t^3) +} +\end{align*}} +\end{block} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex index 668c2a7..0068cf4 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ \folie{7/liealgbeispiel.tex} \folie{7/vektorlie.tex} \folie{7/kommutator.tex} +\folie{7/bch.tex} \folie{7/dg.tex} \folie{7/zusammenhang.tex} \folie{7/quaternionen.tex} -- cgit v1.2.1 From 907e8a1500b93ccb6620d713608b659329e351e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 10:47:24 +0200 Subject: typo --- vorlesungen/slides/7/bch.tex | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/bch.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/bch.tex index 3fad600..0148dc4 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/bch.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/bch.tex @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ h(t) I + Bt + \frac{B^2t^2}{2!} + \frac{B^3t^3}{3!} + \dots \end{align*}} \uncover<5->{% -\begin{block}{Kommutator in G: $c(t) = g(t)h(t)g(t)^{1}h(t)^{-1}$} +\begin{block}{Kommutator in G: $c(t) = g(t)h(t)g(t)^{-1}h(t)^{-1}$} \begin{align*} \uncover<6->{c(t) &= -- cgit v1.2.1 From b6114e0a8c7f800d36c199c0ee6af64d337e5320 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 11:33:00 +0200 Subject: add slide --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/integration.tex | 66 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 68 insertions(+) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/integration.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc index 8b2b9e0..52c37d8 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -27,5 +27,6 @@ chapter5 = \ ../slides/7/ueberlagerung.tex \ ../slides/7/hopf.tex \ ../slides/7/haar.tex \ + ../slides/7/integration.tex \ ../slides/7/chapter.tex diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex index 0068cf4..172b78a 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -26,3 +26,4 @@ \folie{7/ueberlagerung.tex} \folie{7/hopf.tex} \folie{7/haar.tex} +\folie{7/integration.tex} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/integration.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/integration.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..525e6de --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/integration.tex @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +% +% integration.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Invariante Integration} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Koordinatenwechsel} +Die Koordinatentransformation +$f\colon\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}^n:x\to y$ +hat die Ableitungsmatrix +\[ +t_{ij} += +\frac{\partial y_i}{\partial x_j} +\] +\uncover<2->{% +$n$-faches Integral +\begin{gather*} +\int\dots\int +h(f(x)) +\det +\biggl( +\frac{\partial y_i}{\partial x_j} +\biggr) +\,dx_1\,\dots dx_n +\\ += +\int\dots\int +h(y) +\,dy_1\,\dots dy_n +\end{gather*}} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<3->{% +\begin{block}{auf einer Lie-Gruppe} +Koordinatenwechsel sind Multiplikationen mit einer +Matrix $g\in G$ +\end{block}} +\uncover<4->{% +\begin{block}{Volumenelement in $I$} +Man muss nur das Volumenelement in $I$ in einem beliebigen +Koordinatensystem definieren: +\[ +dV = dy_1\,\dots\,dy_n +\] +\end{block}} +\uncover<5->{% +\begin{block}{Volumenelement in $g$} +\[ +\text{``\strut}g\cdot dV\text{\strut''} += +\det(g) \, dy_1\,\dots\,dy_n +\] +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1 From a90d54e578b7d309ba680d5fd5f6c8721b082096 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 17:57:06 +0200 Subject: new slide --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 2 + vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 2 + vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile | 12 ++- vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.ini | 8 ++ vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.m | 54 +++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.pov | 10 +++ vorlesungen/slides/7/images/test.pov | 7 ++ vorlesungen/slides/7/interpolation.tex | 105 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8 files changed, 199 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.ini create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.m create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.pov create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/test.pov create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/interpolation.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc index 52c37d8..4d291ed 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ chapter5 = \ ../slides/7/kommutator.tex \ ../slides/7/bch.tex \ ../slides/7/dg.tex \ + ../slides/7/interpolation.tex \ + ../slides/7/exponentialreihe.tex \ ../slides/7/zusammenhang.tex \ ../slides/7/quaternionen.tex \ ../slides/7/qdreh.tex \ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex index 172b78a..36e0bb1 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ \folie{7/kommutator.tex} \folie{7/bch.tex} \folie{7/dg.tex} +\folie{7/interpolation.tex} +\folie{7/exponentialreihe.tex} \folie{7/zusammenhang.tex} \folie{7/quaternionen.tex} \folie{7/qdreh.tex} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile index cc67c8a..6f99bc3 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/Makefile @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ # # (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule #  -all: rodriguez.jpg +all: rodriguez.jpg test.png rodriguez.png: rodriguez.pov povray +A0.1 -W1920 -H1080 -Orodriguez.png rodriguez.pov @@ -16,4 +16,14 @@ commutator: commutator.ini commutator.pov common.inc jpg: for f in c/c*.png; do convert $${f} c/`basename $${f} .png`.jpg; done +dreibein/timestamp: interpolation.m + octave interpolation.m + touch dreibein/timestamp +test.png: test.pov drehung.inc dreibein/d025.inc dreibein/timestamp + povray +A0.1 -W1080 -H1080 -Otest.png test.pov + +dreibein/d025.inc: dreibein/timestamp + +animation: + povray +A0.1 -W1080 -H1080 -Ointerpolation/i.png interpolation.ini diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.ini b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.ini new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f07c079 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.ini @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +Input_File_Name=interpolation.pov +Initial_Frame=0 +Final_Frame=50 +Initial_Clock=0 +Final_Clock=50 +Cyclic_Animation=off +Pause_when_Done=off + diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.m b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.m new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31554e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.m @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +# +# interpolation.m +# +# (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +# +global N; +N = 50; +global A; +global B; + +A = (pi / 2) * [ + 0, 0, 0; + 0, 0, -1; + 0, 1, 0 +]; +g0 = expm(A) + +B = (pi / 2) * [ + 0, 0, 1; + 0, 0, 0; + -1, 0, 0 +]; +g1 = expm(B) + +function retval = g(t) + global A; + global B; + retval = expm((1-t)*A+t*B); +endfunction + +function dreibein(fn, M, funktion) + fprintf(fn, "%s(<%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>, <%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>)\n", + funktion, + M(1,1), M(3,1), M(2,1), + M(1,2), M(3,2), M(2,2), + M(1,3), M(3,3), M(2,3)); +endfunction + +G = g1 * inverse(g0); +[V, lambda] = eig(G); +H = real(V(:,3)); + +D = logm(g1*inverse(g0)); + +for i = (0:N) + filename = sprintf("dreibein/d%03d.inc", i); + fn = fopen(filename, "w"); + t = i/N; + dreibein(fn, g(t), "quadrant"); + dreibein(fn, expm(t*D)*g0, "drehung"); + fprintf(fn, "achse(<%.4f,%.4f,%.4f>)\n", H(1,1), H(3,1), H(2,1)); + fclose(fn); +endfor + diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.pov b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.pov new file mode 100644 index 0000000..71e0257 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/interpolation.pov @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// +// commutator.pov +// +// (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +// +#include "drehung.inc" + +#declare filename = concat("dreibein/d", str(clock, -3, 0), ".inc"); +#include filename + diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/test.pov b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/test.pov new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5707be1 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/test.pov @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +// +// test.pov +// +// (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +// +#include "drehung.inc" +#include "dreibein/d025.inc" diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/interpolation.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/interpolation.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d40d7b --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/interpolation.tex @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ +% +% interpolation.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\def\bild#1#2{\only<#1|handout:0>{\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/interpolation/#2.png}}} +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Interpolation} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Aufgabe} +Finde einen Weg $g(t)\in \operatorname{SO}(3)$ zwischen +$g_0\in\operatorname{SO}(3)$ +und +$g_1\in\operatorname{SO}(3)$: +\[ +g_0=g(0) +\quad\wedge\quad +g_1=g(1) +\] +\end{block} +\vspace{-10pt} +\uncover<2->{% +\begin{block}{Lösung} +$g_i=\exp(A_i) \uncover<3->{\Rightarrow A_i^t=-A_i}$ +\begin{align*} +\uncover<4->{A(t) &= (1-t)A_0 + tA_1}\uncover<8->{ \in \operatorname{so}(3)} +\\ +\uncover<5->{A(t)^t +&=(1-t)A_0^t + tA_1^t} +\\ +&\uncover<6->{= +-(1-t)A_0 - t A_1} +\uncover<7->{= +-A(t)} +\\ +\uncover<9->{\Rightarrow +g(t) &= \exp A(t) \in \operatorname{SO}(3)} +\end{align*} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<10->{% +\begin{block}{Animation} +\centering +\bild{11}{i00} +\bild{12}{i01} +\bild{13}{i02} +\bild{14}{i03} +\bild{15}{i04} +\bild{16}{i05} +\bild{17}{i06} +\bild{18}{i07} +\bild{19}{i08} +\bild{20}{i09} +\bild{21}{i10} +\bild{22}{i11} +\bild{23}{i12} +\bild{24}{i13} +\bild{25}{i14} +\bild{26}{i15} +\bild{27}{i16} +\bild{28}{i17} +\bild{29}{i18} +\bild{30}{i19} +\bild{31}{i20} +\bild{32}{i21} +\bild{33}{i22} +\bild{34}{i23} +\bild{35}{i24} +\bild{36}{i25} +\bild{37}{i26} +\bild{38}{i27} +\bild{39}{i28} +\bild{40}{i29} +\bild{41}{i30} +\bild{42}{i31} +\bild{43}{i32} +\bild{44}{i33} +\bild{45}{i34} +\bild{46}{i35} +\bild{47}{i36} +\bild{48}{i37} +\bild{49}{i38} +\bild{50}{i39} +\bild{51}{i40} +\bild{52}{i41} +\bild{53}{i42} +\bild{54}{i43} +\bild{55}{i44} +\bild{56}{i45} +\bild{57}{i46} +\bild{58}{i47} +\bild{59}{i48} +\bild{60}{i49} +\bild{61}{i50} +\end{block}} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1 From 71c54ed1c285940349659e93e823d1c0f83cc84d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Thu, 6 May 2021 19:00:08 +0200 Subject: neue folie --- vorlesungen/slides/7/images/drehung.inc | 142 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/7/interpolation.tex | 111 +++++++++++++------------ 2 files changed, 201 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/images/drehung.inc (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/drehung.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/drehung.inc new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c9b4bb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/images/drehung.inc @@ -0,0 +1,142 @@ +// +// common.inc +// +// (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +// +#version 3.7; +#include "colors.inc" + +global_settings { + assumed_gamma 1 +} + +#declare imagescale = 0.23; +#declare O = <0, 0, 0>; +#declare at = 0.02; + +camera { + location <8.5, 2, 6.5> + look_at <0, 0, 0> + right x * imagescale + up y * imagescale +} + +//light_source { +// <-14, 20, -50> color White +// area_light <1,0,0> <0,0,1>, 10, 10 +// adaptive 1 +// jitter +//} + +light_source { + <41, 20, 10> color White + area_light <1,0,0> <0,0,1>, 10, 10 + adaptive 1 + jitter +} + +sky_sphere { + pigment { + color rgb<1,1,1> + } +} + +#macro arrow(from, to, arrowthickness, c) +#declare arrowdirection = vnormalize(to - from); +#declare arrowlength = vlength(to - from); +union { + sphere { + from, 1.0 * arrowthickness + } + cylinder { + from, + from + (arrowlength - 5 * arrowthickness) * arrowdirection, + arrowthickness + } + cone { + from + (arrowlength - 5 * arrowthickness) * arrowdirection, + 2 * arrowthickness, + to, + 0 + } + pigment { + color c + } + finish { + specular 0.9 + metallic + } +} +#end +#declare r = 1.0; + +arrow(< -r-0.2, 0.0, 0 >, < r+0.2, 0.0, 0.0 >, at, Gray) +arrow(< 0.0, 0.0, -r-0.2>, < 0.0, 0.0, r+0.2 >, at, Gray) +arrow(< 0.0, -r-0.2, 0 >, < 0.0, r+0.2, 0.0 >, at, Gray) + +#declare farbeX = rgb<1.0,0.2,0.6>; +#declare farbeY = rgb<0.0,0.8,0.4>; +#declare farbeZ = rgb<0.4,0.6,1.0>; + +#declare farbex = rgb<1.0,0.0,0.0>; +#declare farbey = rgb<0.0,0.6,0.0>; +#declare farbez = rgb<0.0,0.0,1.0>; + +#macro quadrant(X, Y, Z) + intersection { + sphere { O, 0.5 } + plane { -X, 0 } + plane { -Y, 0 } + plane { -Z, 0 } + pigment { + color rgb<1.0,0.6,0.2> + } + finish { + specular 0.95 + metallic + } + } + arrow(O, X, 1.1*at, farbex) + arrow(O, Y, 1.1*at, farbey) + arrow(O, Z, 1.1*at, farbez) +#end + +#macro drehung(X, Y, Z) +// intersection { +// sphere { O, 0.5 } +// plane { -X, 0 } +// plane { -Y, 0 } +// plane { -Z, 0 } +// pigment { +// color Gray +// } +// finish { +// specular 0.95 +// metallic +// } +// } + arrow(O, 1.1*X, 0.9*at, farbeX) + arrow(O, 1.1*Y, 0.9*at, farbeY) + arrow(O, 1.1*Z, 0.9*at, farbeZ) +#end + +#macro achse(H) + cylinder { H, -H, at + pigment { + color rgb<0.6,0.4,0.2> + } + finish { + specular 0.95 + metallic + } + } + cylinder { 0.003 * H, -0.003 * H, 1 + pigment { + color rgbt<0.6,0.4,0.2,0.5> + } + finish { + specular 0.95 + metallic + } + } +#end diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/interpolation.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/interpolation.tex index 3d40d7b..249ee26 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/interpolation.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/interpolation.tex @@ -40,64 +40,71 @@ $g_i=\exp(A_i) \uncover<3->{\Rightarrow A_i^t=-A_i}$ \\ \uncover<9->{\Rightarrow g(t) &= \exp A(t) \in \operatorname{SO}(3)} +\\ +&\uncover<10->{\ne +\exp (\log(g_1g_0^{-1})t) g_0} \end{align*} \end{block}} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} -\uncover<10->{% +\uncover<11->{% \begin{block}{Animation} \centering -\bild{11}{i00} -\bild{12}{i01} -\bild{13}{i02} -\bild{14}{i03} -\bild{15}{i04} -\bild{16}{i05} -\bild{17}{i06} -\bild{18}{i07} -\bild{19}{i08} -\bild{20}{i09} -\bild{21}{i10} -\bild{22}{i11} -\bild{23}{i12} -\bild{24}{i13} -\bild{25}{i14} -\bild{26}{i15} -\bild{27}{i16} -\bild{28}{i17} -\bild{29}{i18} -\bild{30}{i19} -\bild{31}{i20} -\bild{32}{i21} -\bild{33}{i22} -\bild{34}{i23} -\bild{35}{i24} -\bild{36}{i25} -\bild{37}{i26} -\bild{38}{i27} -\bild{39}{i28} -\bild{40}{i29} -\bild{41}{i30} -\bild{42}{i31} -\bild{43}{i32} -\bild{44}{i33} -\bild{45}{i34} -\bild{46}{i35} -\bild{47}{i36} -\bild{48}{i37} -\bild{49}{i38} -\bild{50}{i39} -\bild{51}{i40} -\bild{52}{i41} -\bild{53}{i42} -\bild{54}{i43} -\bild{55}{i44} -\bild{56}{i45} -\bild{57}{i46} -\bild{58}{i47} -\bild{59}{i48} -\bild{60}{i49} -\bild{61}{i50} +\ifthenelse{\boolean{presentation}}{ +\bild{12}{i00} +\bild{13}{i01} +\bild{14}{i02} +\bild{15}{i03} +\bild{16}{i04} +\bild{17}{i05} +\bild{18}{i06} +\bild{19}{i07} +\bild{20}{i08} +\bild{21}{i09} +\bild{22}{i10} +\bild{23}{i11} +\bild{24}{i12} +\bild{25}{i13} +\bild{26}{i14} +\bild{27}{i15} +\bild{28}{i16} +\bild{29}{i17} +\bild{30}{i18} +\bild{31}{i19} +\bild{32}{i20} +\bild{33}{i21} +\bild{34}{i22} +\bild{35}{i23} +\bild{36}{i24} +\bild{37}{i25} +\bild{38}{i26} +\bild{39}{i27} +\bild{40}{i28} +\bild{41}{i29} +\bild{42}{i30} +\bild{43}{i31} +\bild{44}{i32} +\bild{45}{i33} +\bild{46}{i34} +\bild{47}{i35} +\bild{48}{i36} +\bild{49}{i37} +\bild{50}{i38} +\bild{51}{i39} +\bild{52}{i40} +\bild{53}{i41} +\bild{54}{i42} +\bild{55}{i43} +\bild{56}{i44} +\bild{57}{i45} +\bild{58}{i46} +\bild{59}{i47} +\bild{60}{i48} +\bild{61}{i49} +\bild{62}{i50} +}{ +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{../slides/7/images/interpolation/i25.png} +} \end{block}} \end{column} \end{columns} -- cgit v1.2.1 From c96558c1b70660c26242d33093f765d43b2aa022 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Fri, 7 May 2021 09:50:45 +0200 Subject: new slide --- vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex | 1 + vorlesungen/slides/7/logarithmus.tex | 82 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3 files changed, 84 insertions(+) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/logarithmus.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc index 4d291ed..ffd5091 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/Makefile.inc @@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ chapter5 = \ ../slides/7/dg.tex \ ../slides/7/interpolation.tex \ ../slides/7/exponentialreihe.tex \ + ../slides/7/logarithmus.tex \ ../slides/7/zusammenhang.tex \ ../slides/7/quaternionen.tex \ ../slides/7/qdreh.tex \ diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex index 36e0bb1..3736e0f 100644 --- a/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/chapter.tex @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ \folie{7/dg.tex} \folie{7/interpolation.tex} \folie{7/exponentialreihe.tex} +\folie{7/logarithmus.tex} \folie{7/zusammenhang.tex} \folie{7/quaternionen.tex} \folie{7/qdreh.tex} diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/logarithmus.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/logarithmus.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..58065d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/logarithmus.tex @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +% +% logarithmus.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Logarithmus} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Taylor-Reihe} +\begin{align*} +\frac{d}{dx}\log(1+x) +&= \frac{1}{1+x} +\\ +\uncover<2->{ +\Rightarrow\quad +\log (1+x) +&= +\int_0^x \frac{1}{1+t}\,dt} +\end{align*} +\begin{align*} +\uncover<3->{\frac{1}{1+t} +&= +1-t+t^2-t^3+\dots} +\\ +\uncover<4->{\log(1+x) +&=\int_0^x +1-t+t^2-t^3+\dots +\,dt} +\\ +&\only<5>{= +x-\frac{x^2}{2}  + \frac{x^3}{3} - \frac{x^4}4 + \dots} +\uncover<6->{= +\sum_{k=1}^\infty (-1)^{k-1}\frac{x^k}{k}} +\\ +\uncover<7->{\log (I+A) +&= +\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{k-1}}{k}A^k} +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\uncover<8->{% +\begin{block}{Konvergenzradius} +Polstelle bei $x=-1$ +\( +\varrho =1 +\) +\end{block}} +\vspace{-5pt} +\begin{block}{\uncover<9->{Alternative: Spektraltheorie}} +\uncover<9->{ +Logarithmus $\log z$ in $\{z\in\mathbb{C}\;|\; \neg(\Re z\le 0\wedge\Im z=0)\}$ +definiert:} +\vspace{-15pt} +\uncover<8->{ +\begin{center} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] +\uncover<9->{ + \fill[color=red!20] (-2.1,-2.1) rectangle (2.5,2.1); +} +\draw[->] (-2.2,0) -- (2.9,0) coordinate[label={$\Re z$}]; +\draw[->] (0,-2.2) -- (0,2.4) coordinate[label={right:$\Im z$}]; +\fill[color=blue!40,opacity=0.5] (1,0) circle[radius=1]; +\draw[color=blue] (1,0) circle[radius=1]; +\uncover<9->{ + \draw[color=white,line width=5pt] (-2.2,0) -- (0.1,0); +} +\fill (1,0) circle[radius=0.08]; +\node at (2.3,1.9) {$\mathbb{C}$}; +\node at (1,0) [below] {$1$}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{center}} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1 From e66a66d3519490e2f7cb50227a9771faf4866068 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: =?UTF-8?q?Andreas=20M=C3=BCller?= Date: Tue, 18 May 2021 10:42:05 +0200 Subject: add new presentation files --- vorlesungen/slides/7/exponentialreihe.tex | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/7/exponentialreihe.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen/slides/7') diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/7/exponentialreihe.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/7/exponentialreihe.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1aeda6 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/7/exponentialreihe.tex @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +% +% exponentialreihe.tex -- slide template +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Exponentialreihe} +\begin{align*} +h(s) &= \exp(tA_0 + sB) = \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{1}{k!} (tA_0 + sB)^k +\\ +&= +I + (tA_0 + sB) + \frac{1}{2!}(t^2A_0^2 + ts(A_0B + BA_0) + s^2B^2) ++ \frac{1}{3!}(t^3A_0^3 + t^2s(A_0^2B + A_0BA_0 + BA_0^2) + \dots) ++ \dots +\\ +\frac{dg(s)}{ds} +&= +B + \frac1{2!}t(A_0B+BA_0) + \frac{1}{3!}t^2(A_0^2B+A_0BA_0+BA_0^2) + \dots +\end{align*} +\end{frame} +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1