From 588ba7c095b15178deedd7aed4713d66a8cf4da7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Roy Seitz Date: Wed, 14 Apr 2021 22:29:43 +0200 Subject: =?UTF-8?q?Slides=20f=C3=BCr=20Vorlesung=20DGL=20begonnen.?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- vorlesungen/08_dgl/Makefile | 33 ++++++ vorlesungen/08_dgl/MathSem-08-dgl.tex | 14 +++ vorlesungen/08_dgl/common.tex | 16 +++ vorlesungen/08_dgl/dgl-handout.tex | 11 ++ vorlesungen/08_dgl/slides.tex | 24 +++++ vorlesungen/slides/10/n-zu-1.tex | 54 ++++++++++ vorlesungen/slides/10/taylor.tex | 195 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 7 files changed, 347 insertions(+) create mode 100644 vorlesungen/08_dgl/Makefile create mode 100644 vorlesungen/08_dgl/MathSem-08-dgl.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/08_dgl/common.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/08_dgl/dgl-handout.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/08_dgl/slides.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/10/n-zu-1.tex create mode 100644 vorlesungen/slides/10/taylor.tex (limited to 'vorlesungen') diff --git a/vorlesungen/08_dgl/Makefile b/vorlesungen/08_dgl/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..613a5d9 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/08_dgl/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +# +# Makefile -- dgl +# +# (c) 2017 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil +# +all: dgl-handout.pdf MathSem-08-dgl.pdf + +include ../slides/Makefile.inc + +SOURCES = common.tex slides.tex $(slides) + +MathSem-08-dgl.pdf: MathSem-08-dgl.tex $(SOURCES) + pdflatex MathSem-08-dgl.tex + +dgl-handout.pdf: dgl-handout.tex $(SOURCES) + pdflatex dgl-handout.tex + +thumbnail: thumbnail.jpg # fix1.jpg + +thumbnail.pdf: MathSem-08-dgl.pdf + pdfjam --outfile thumbnail.pdf --papersize '{16cm,9cm}' \ + MathSem-08-dgl.pdf 1 +thumbnail.jpg: thumbnail.pdf + convert -density 300 thumbnail.pdf \ + -resize 1920x1080 -units PixelsPerInch thumbnail.jpg + +fix1.pdf: MathSem-08-dgl.pdf + pdfjam --outfile fix1.pdf --papersize '{16cm,9cm}' \ + MathSem-08-dgl.pdf 1 +fix1.jpg: fix1.pdf + convert -density 300 fix1.pdf \ + -resize 1920x1080 -units PixelsPerInch fix1.jpg + diff --git a/vorlesungen/08_dgl/MathSem-08-dgl.tex b/vorlesungen/08_dgl/MathSem-08-dgl.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1bcb946 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/08_dgl/MathSem-08-dgl.tex @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +% +% MathSem-08-dgl.tex -- Präsentation +% +% (c) 2017 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil +% +\documentclass[aspectratio=169]{beamer} +\input{common.tex} +\setboolean{presentation}{true} +\begin{document} +\begin{frame} +\titlepage +\end{frame} +\input{slides.tex} +\end{document} diff --git a/vorlesungen/08_dgl/common.tex b/vorlesungen/08_dgl/common.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..75b8586 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/08_dgl/common.tex @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +% +% common.tex -- gemeinsame definition +% +% (c) 2017 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil +% +\input{../common/packages.tex} +\input{../common/common.tex} +\mode{% +\usetheme[hideothersubsections,hidetitle]{Hannover} +} +\beamertemplatenavigationsymbolsempty +\title[DGL]{Differential-Gleichungen} +\author[R.~Seitz]{Roy Seitz} +\date[]{} +\newboolean{presentation} + diff --git a/vorlesungen/08_dgl/dgl-handout.tex b/vorlesungen/08_dgl/dgl-handout.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2bd08a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/08_dgl/dgl-handout.tex @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +% +% dgl-handout.tex -- Handout XXX +% +% (c) 2017 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil +% +\documentclass[handout,aspectratio=169]{beamer} +\input{common.tex} +\setboolean{presentation}{false} +\begin{document} +\input{slides.tex} +\end{document} diff --git a/vorlesungen/08_dgl/slides.tex b/vorlesungen/08_dgl/slides.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..db4e27c --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/08_dgl/slides.tex @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +% +% slides.tex -- XXX +% +% (c) 2017 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil +% + +% Wie findet man die Lösung von \dot x = Ax? +% Fall \dot x = ax +% Potenzreihenansatz -> exp(ax) x_0 + +%% Plan: +% 1. Tailor-Reihen p_n -> f +% 2. x' = ax => x = exp(ax) x_0 via Potenzreihe finden +% 3. n-Dim-skalar -> 1-Dim-Matrix +% 4. Analogie zur Vektor-Matrix-Form +% 5. exp(Ax) x_0 als Fluss +% 6. Strömungslinien = Pfade für Lie-Theorie, A lokal, exp(Ax) global +% 7. Beispiele so(2), Jordan-Block, vielleicht [0 1; 1 0] + +%\folie{10/taylor.tex} +\folie{10/n-zu-1.tex} +%\folie{5/potenzreihenmethode.tex} + +%\folie{10/eindimensional.tex} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/10/n-zu-1.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/10/n-zu-1.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3fffe9 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/10/n-zu-1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +% +% n-zu-1.tex -- Umwandlend einer DGL n-ter Ordnung in ein System 1. Ordnung +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% Erstellt: 2021-04-14, Roy Seitz +% +% !TeX spellcheck = de_CH +\bgroup +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Reicht $1.$ Ordnung?} +\vspace{-20pt} +\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Beispiel: DGL 3.~Ordnung} \vspace*{-1ex} + \begin{align*} + x^{(3)} + a_2 \ddot x + a_1 \dot x + a_0 x = 0 \\ + \Rightarrow + x^{(3)} = -a_2 \ddot x - a_1 \dot x - a_0 x + \end{align*} +\end{block} +\begin{block}{Ziel: Nur noch 1.~Ableitungen} + Einführen neuer Variablen: + \begin{align*} + x_0 &\coloneqq x & + x_1 &\coloneqq \dot x & + x_2 &\coloneqq \ddot x + \end{align*} +System von Gleichungen 1.~Ordnung + \begin{align*} + \dot x_0 &= x_1 \\ + \dot x_1 &= x_2 \\ + \dot x_2 &= -a_2 x_2 - a_1 x_1 - a_0 x_0 +\end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} +\begin{block}{Als Vektor-Gleichung} \vspace*{-1ex} + \begin{align*} + \frac{d}{dt} + \begin{pmatrix} x_0 \\ x_1 \\ x_2 \end{pmatrix} + = \begin{pmatrix} + 0 & 1 & 0 \\ + 0 & 0 & 1 \\ + -a_0 & -a_1 & -a_2 + \end{pmatrix} + \begin{pmatrix} x_0 \\ x_1 \\ x_2 \end{pmatrix} + \end{align*} +\end{block} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} +\egroup diff --git a/vorlesungen/slides/10/taylor.tex b/vorlesungen/slides/10/taylor.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8912cb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/vorlesungen/slides/10/taylor.tex @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +% +% eindiomensional.tex -- Lösung der eindimensionalen DGL +% +% (c) 2021 Roy Seitz, Hochschule Rapperswil +% +% !TeX spellcheck = de_CH +\bgroup + +\begin{frame}[t] + \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} + \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} + \frametitle{Beispiel $\sin x$} + \vspace{-20pt} + %\onslide<+-> + \begin{block}{Taylor-Approximationen von $\sin x$} + \begin{align*} + p_n(x) + &= + \uncover<1->{0} + \uncover<2->{+ x} + \uncover<3->{+ 0 \frac{x^2}{2!}} + \uncover<4->{- 1 \frac{x^3}{3!}} + \uncover<5->{+ 0 \frac{x^4}{4!}} + \uncover<6->{+ 1 \frac{x^5}{5!}} + \uncover<7->{+ \ldots} + \uncover<8->{ + = \sum_{k=0}^{n/2} (-1)^{2k + 1}\frac{x^{2k+1}}{(2k+1)!} + } + \end{align*} + \end{block} + \begin{center} + \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=1.3] + \draw[->] (-5.0, 0.0) -- (5.0,0.0) coordinate[label=$x$]; + \draw[->] ( 0.0,-1.5) -- (0.0,1.5); + \clip (-5,-1.5) rectangle (5,1.5); + \draw[domain=-4:4, samples=50, smooth, blue] + plot ({\x}, {sin(180/3.1415968*\x)}) + node[above right] {$\sin(x)$}; + \uncover<1>{ + \draw[domain=-4:4, samples=2, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {0}) + node[above right] {$p_0(x)$};} + \uncover<2>{ + \draw[domain=-1.5:1.5, samples=2, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {\x}) + node[below right] {$p_1(x)$};} + \uncover<3>{ + \draw[domain=-1.5:1.5, samples=2, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {\x}) + node[below right] {$p_2(x)$};} + \uncover<4>{ + \draw[domain=-3:3, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {\x - \x*\x*\x/6}) + node[above right] {$p_3(x)$};} + \uncover<5>{ + \draw[domain=-3:3, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {\x - \x*\x*\x/6}) + node[above right] {$p_4(x)$};} + \uncover<6>{ + \draw[domain=-3.9:3.9, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {\x - \x*\x*\x/6 + \x*\x*\x*\x*\x/120}) + node[below right] {$p_5(x)$};} + \uncover<7>{ + \draw[domain=-3.9:3.9, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {\x - \x*\x*\x/6 + \x*\x*\x*\x*\x/120}) + node[below right] {$p_6(x)$};} + \uncover<8->{ + \draw[domain=-4:4, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {\x - \x*\x*\x/6 + \x*\x*\x*\x*\x/120 - + \x*\x*\x*\x*\x*\x*\x/5040}) + node[above right] {$p_7(x)$};} + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{center} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[t] +\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} +\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} +\frametitle{Taylor-Reihen} +\vspace{-20pt} +\onslide<+-> + \begin{block}{Polynom-Approximationen von $f(t)$} + \vspace{-15pt} + \begin{align*} + p_n(t) + &= + f(0) + + f'(0) t + + f''(0)\frac{t^2}{2} + + f^{(3)}(0)\frac{t^3}{3!} + + \ldots + + f^{(n)}(0) \frac{t^n}{n!} + = + \sum_{k=0}^{n} f^{(k)} \frac{t^k}{k!} + \end{align*} + \end{block} + \begin{block}{Die ersten $n$ Ableitungen von $f(0)$ und $p_n(0)$ sind gleich!} + \vspace{-15pt} + \begin{align*} + p'_n(t) + &= + f'(0) + + f''(0)t + + f^{(3)}(0) \frac{t^2}{2!} + + \mathcal O(t^3) + &\Rightarrow&& + p'_n(0) = f'(0) + \\ + p''_n(0) + &= + f''(0) + f^{(3)}(0)t + \ldots + f^{(n)}(0) \frac{t^{n-2}}{(n-2)!} + &\Rightarrow&& + p''_n(0) = f''(0) + \end{align*} + \end{block} + \begin{block}{Für unendlich lange Polynome stimmen alle Ableitungen überein!} + \vspace{-15pt} + \begin{align*} + \lim_{n\to \infty} p_n(t) + = + f(t) + \end{align*} + \end{block} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[t] + \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt} + \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt} + \frametitle{Beispiel $\exp x$} + \vspace{-20pt} + %\onslide<+-> + \begin{block}{Taylor-Approximationen von $\exp x$} + \begin{align*} + p_n(x) + = + 1 + \uncover<1->{+ x} + \uncover<2->{+ \frac{x^2}{2}} + \uncover<3->{+ \frac{x^3}{3!}} + \uncover<4->{+ \frac{x^4}{4!}} + \uncover<5->{+ \frac{x^5}{5!}} + \uncover<6->{+ \frac{x^6}{6!}} + \uncover<7->{+ \ldots + = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \frac{x^k}{k!}} + \end{align*} + \end{block} + \begin{center} + \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=1.3] + \draw[->] (-4.0, 0.0) -- (4.0,0.0) coordinate[label=$x$]; + \draw[->] ( 0.0,-0.5) -- (0.0,2.5); + \clip (-3,-0.5) rectangle (3,2.5); + \draw[domain=-4:1, samples=50, smooth, blue] + plot ({\x}, {exp(\x)}) + node[above right] {$\exp(x)$}; + \uncover<1>{ + \draw[domain=-4:1.5, samples=10, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {1 + \x}) + node[below right] {$p_1(x)$};} + \uncover<2>{ + \draw[domain=-4:1, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {1 + \x + \x*\x/2}) + node[below right] {$p_2(x)$};} + \uncover<3>{ + \draw[domain=-4:1, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {1 + \x + \x*\x/2 + \x*\x*\x/6}) + node[below right] {$p_3(x)$};} + \uncover<4>{ + \draw[domain=-4:0.9, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {1 + \x + \x*\x/2 + \x*\x*\x/6 + \x*\x*\x*\x/24}) + node[below left] {$p_4(x)$};} + \uncover<5>{ + \draw[domain=-4:0.9, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {1 + \x + \x*\x/2 + \x*\x*\x/6 + \x*\x*\x*\x/24 + + \x*\x*\x*\x*\x/120}) + node[below left] {$p_5(x)$};} + \uncover<6>{ + \draw[domain=-4:0.9, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {1 + \x + \x*\x/2 + \x*\x*\x/6 + \x*\x*\x*\x/24 + + \x*\x*\x*\x*\x/120 + + \x*\x*\x*\x*\x*\x/720}) + node[below left] {$p_6(x)$};} + \uncover<7>{ + \draw[domain=-4:0.9, samples=50, smooth, red] + plot ({\x}, {1 + \x + \x*\x/2 + \x*\x*\x/6 + \x*\x*\x*\x/24 + + \x*\x*\x*\x*\x/120 + + \x*\x*\x*\x*\x*\x/720 + + \x*\x*\x*\x*\x*\x*\x/5040}) + node[below left] {$p_7(x)$};} + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{center} +\end{frame} + +\egroup -- cgit v1.2.1