%
% fermat.tex -- Illustration zum kleinen Satz von Fermat
%
% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule
%
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage{txfonts}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{csvsimple}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math,calc}
\begin{document}
\def\skala{1}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala]

\def\s{34}

\definecolor{farbe1}{rgb}{0.0,0.4,0.0}
\definecolor{farbe2}{rgb}{0.0,1.0,1.0}
\definecolor{farbe3}{rgb}{0.0,0.4,0.6}
\definecolor{farbe4}{rgb}{0.0,0.0,0.8}
\definecolor{farbe5}{rgb}{0.4,0.0,1.0}
\definecolor{farbe6}{rgb}{0.8,0.0,0.0}
\definecolor{farbe7}{rgb}{0.8,0.4,0.4}
\definecolor{farbe8}{rgb}{1.0,0.8,0.0}

\def\perle#1#2#3{
	\fill[color=#3] ($#1+({#2*0.15},0)$) circle[radius=0.075];
}

\def\perlena#1#2#3#4#5#6{
	\draw #1 -- ($#1+({0.15*9},0)$);
	\perle{#1}{0}{#2}
	\perle{#1}{1}{#3}
	\perle{#1}{2}{#4}
	\perle{#1}{3}{#5}
	\perle{#1}{4}{#6}
}
\def\perlenb#1#2#3#4#5#6{
	\perle{#1}{5}{#2}
	\perle{#1}{6}{#3}
	\perle{#1}{7}{#4}
	\perle{#1}{8}{#5}
	\perle{#1}{9}{#6}
}

\begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
\draw (0,0) circle[radius=4];
\foreach \k in {-1,...,8}{
	\draw (0,0) -- ({90+\k*\s}:4);
}
\foreach \k in {1,...,8}{
	\node at ({90+\s*(\k-0.5)}:3.7) {$A_{\k\mathstrut}$};
}

\pgfmathparse{90-(360-9*\s)/2-\s}
\xdef\b{\pgfmathresult}
\foreach \d in {-10,-5,...,10}{
	\fill ({\b+\d}:2.8) circle[radius=0.04];
}
\node at ({90-(\s/2)}:3.7) {$A_{p\mathstrut}$};

\node at (-4,4) {$s_1$};
\node at (-3.8,2.6) {$s_2$};
\node at (-4.8,0.6) {$s_3$};
\node at (-4.2,-2) {$s_4$};
\node at (-4,-4) {$s_5$};

\perlena{({-3*sin(-0.5*\s)-0.54},{3*cos(-0.5*\s)})}{farbe8}{farbe1}{farbe2}{farbe3}{farbe4}
\perlenb{({-3*sin(-0.5*\s)-0.54},{3*cos(-0.5*\s)})}{farbe5}{farbe6}{farbe7}{black,opacity=0}{black,opacity=0}

\perlena{({-3*sin(0.5*\s)-0.74},{3*cos(0.5*\s)})}{farbe1}{farbe2}{farbe3}{farbe4}{farbe5}
\perlenb{({-3*sin(0.5*\s)-0.74},{3*cos(0.5*\s)})}{farbe6}{farbe7}{black,opacity=0}{black,opacity=0}{farbe8}

\perlena{({-3*sin(1.5*\s)-0.74},{3*cos(1.5*\s)-0.2})}{farbe2}{farbe3}{farbe4}{farbe5}{farbe6}
\perlenb{({-3*sin(1.5*\s)-0.74},{3*cos(1.5*\s)-0.2})}{farbe7}{black,opacity=0}{black,opacity=0}{farbe8}{farbe1}

\perlena{({-3*sin(2.5*\s)-0.0},{3*cos(2.5*\s)-0.0})}{farbe3}{farbe4}{farbe5}{farbe6}{farbe7}
\perlenb{({-3*sin(2.5*\s)-0.0},{3*cos(2.5*\s)-0.0})}{black,opacity=0}{black,opacity=0}{farbe8}{farbe1}{farbe2}

\perlena{({-3*sin(3.5*\s)-0.74},{3*cos(3.5*\s)+0.2})}{farbe4}{farbe5}{farbe6}{farbe7}{black,opacity=0}
\perlenb{({-3*sin(3.5*\s)-0.74},{3*cos(3.5*\s)+0.2})}{black,opacity=0}{farbe8}{farbe1}{farbe2}{farbe3}

\perlena{({-3*sin(4.5*\s)-0.74},{3*cos(4.5*\s)})}{farbe5}{farbe6}{farbe7}{black,opacity=0}{black,opacity=0}
\perlenb{({-3*sin(4.5*\s)-0.74},{3*cos(4.5*\s)})}{farbe8}{farbe1}{farbe2}{farbe3}{farbe4}

\perlena{({-3*sin(5.5*\s)-0.64},{3*cos(5.5*\s)})}{farbe6}{farbe7}{black,opacity=0}{black,opacity=0}{farbe8}
\perlenb{({-3*sin(5.5*\s)-0.64},{3*cos(5.5*\s)})}{farbe1}{farbe2}{farbe3}{farbe4}{farbe5}

\perlena{({-3*sin(6.5*\s)-0.64},{3*cos(6.5*\s)})}{farbe7}{black,opacity=0}{black,opacity=0}{farbe8}{farbe1}
\perlenb{({-3*sin(6.5*\s)-0.64},{3*cos(6.5*\s)})}{farbe2}{farbe3}{farbe4}{farbe5}{farbe6}

\perlena{({-3*sin(7.5*\s)-1.14},{3*cos(7.5*\s)+0.1})}{black,opacity=0}{black,opacity=0}{farbe8}{farbe1}{farbe2}
\perlenb{({-3*sin(7.5*\s)-1.14},{3*cos(7.5*\s)+0.1})}{farbe3}{farbe4}{farbe5}{farbe6}{farbe7}

\node at (45:4) [above right] {$A$};

\clip (-7,-4.4) rectangle (0,4.8);
\foreach \k in {1,...,5}{
	\pgfmathparse{20*(3-\k)}
	\xdef\c{\pgfmathresult}
	\pgfmathparse{90+(\k-0.5)*\s}
	\xdef\a{\pgfmathresult}
	\pgfmathparse{\a-180}
	\xdef\b{\pgfmathresult}
	\draw[->] (-7.5,0) to[out={\c},in={180+\b}] (\a:4);
	%\node at (\a:4) [left] {$\b$};
}
\end{scope}

\def\pearl#1#2{
	\fill[color=#2] ($({90+(#1-0.5)*\s}:0.6)$) circle[radius=0.12];
	\draw[line width=0.1pt] ($({90+(#1-0.5)*\s}:0.6)$) circle[radius=0.12];
}

\def\kette{
	\draw (0,0) circle[radius=0.6];
	\pearl{1}{farbe1}
	\pearl{2}{farbe2}
	\pearl{3}{farbe3}
	\pearl{4}{farbe4}
	\pearl{5}{farbe5}
	\pearl{6}{farbe6}
	\pearl{7}{farbe7}
	\pearl{0}{farbe8}
}

\begin{scope}[xshift=-4.5cm]
\fill[color=white] (-1.5,-2.5) rectangle (1.5,2.5);
\draw (-1.5,-2.5) rectangle (1.5,2.5);
\kette
\node at (-1.5,2.5) [below right] {$G$};
\end{scope}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}