%
% jknilp.tex -- Dimensionen von K^l und J^l für nilpotente Matrizen
%
% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule
%
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage{txfonts}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{csvsimple}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math}
\begin{document}
\def\skala{1}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala]

\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}

\def\s{0.15}
\def\punkt#1#2{({#1*\s},{#2*\s})}

\def\vektor#1{
	\fill[color=darkgreen!30] \punkt{#1}{0} rectangle \punkt{(#1+1)}{12};
}
\def\feld#1#2{
	\fill[color=orange!60] ({#1*\s},{(12-#2)*\s}) rectangle
		({(#1+1)*\s},{(11-#2)*\s});
}

\def\quadrat#1{
	\draw \punkt{0}{0} rectangle \punkt{12}{12};

	\draw \punkt{0}{11} -- \punkt{2}{11} -- \punkt{2}{9} -- \punkt{4}{9}
		-- \punkt{4}{6} -- \punkt{12}{6};

	\draw \punkt{1}{12} -- \punkt{1}{10} -- \punkt{3}{10}
		-- \punkt{3}{8} -- \punkt{6}{8} -- \punkt{6}{0};
	\node at ({6*\s},0) [below] {#1\strut};
}

\begin{scope}[xshift=-0.9cm,yshift=-3cm]
\foreach \n in {0,...,11}{
	\feld{\n}{\n}
}
\quadrat{$A^0=I$}
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=1.1cm,yshift=-3cm]
\vektor{0}
\vektor{1}
\vektor{2}
\vektor{3}
\vektor{4}
\vektor{6}
\feld{5}{4}
\feld{7}{6}
\feld{8}{7}
\feld{9}{8}
\feld{10}{9}
\feld{11}{10}
\quadrat{$A$}
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=3.1cm,yshift=-3cm]
\vektor{0}
\vektor{1}
\vektor{2}
\vektor{3}
\vektor{4}
\vektor{5}
\vektor{6}
\vektor{7}
\feld{8}{6}
\feld{9}{7}
\feld{10}{8}
\feld{11}{9}
\quadrat{$A^2$}
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=5.1cm,yshift=-3cm]
\vektor{0}
\vektor{1}
\vektor{2}
\vektor{3}
\vektor{4}
\vektor{5}
\vektor{6}
\vektor{7}
\vektor{8}
\feld{9}{6}
\feld{10}{7}
\feld{11}{8}
\quadrat{$A^3$}
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=7.1cm,yshift=-3cm]
\vektor{0}
\vektor{1}
\vektor{2}
\vektor{3}
\vektor{4}
\vektor{5}
\vektor{6}
\vektor{7}
\vektor{8}
\vektor{9}
\feld{10}{6}
\feld{11}{7}
\quadrat{$A^4$}
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=9.1cm,yshift=-3cm]
\vektor{0}
\vektor{1}
\vektor{2}
\vektor{3}
\vektor{4}
\vektor{5}
\vektor{6}
\vektor{7}
\vektor{8}
\vektor{9}
\vektor{10}
\feld{11}{6}
\quadrat{$A^5$}
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=11.1cm,yshift=-3cm]
\vektor{0}
\vektor{1}
\vektor{2}
\vektor{3}
\vektor{4}
\vektor{5}
\vektor{6}
\vektor{7}
\vektor{8}
\vektor{9}
\vektor{10}
\vektor{11}
\quadrat{$A^6$}
\end{scope}

\def\pfad{
	(0,0) -- (2,3) -- (4,4) -- (6,4.5) -- (8,5) -- (10,5.5) -- (12,6)
}


\fill[color=orange!20] \pfad -- (-1,6) -- (-1,0) -- cycle;
\fill[color=darkgreen!20] \pfad -- (13,6) -- (13,0) -- cycle;
\draw[line width=1.3pt] \pfad;

\fill (0,0) circle[radius=0.08];
\fill (2,3) circle[radius=0.08];
\fill (4,4) circle[radius=0.08];
\fill (6,4.5) circle[radius=0.08];
\fill (8,5) circle[radius=0.08];
\fill (10,5.5) circle[radius=0.08];
\fill (12,6) circle[radius=0.08];

\foreach \y in {0.5,1,...,5.5}{
	\draw[line width=0.3pt] (-1.1,\y) -- (13.0,\y);
}
\foreach \y in {0,2,4,...,12}{
	\node at (-1.1,{\y*0.5}) [left] {$\y$};
}
\foreach \x in {0,...,6}{
	\draw ({2*\x},0) -- ({2*\x},-1.2);
	\node at ({2*\x},-0.6) [above,rotate=90] {$k=\x$};
}

\draw[->] (-1.1,0) -- (13.4,0) coordinate[label={$k$}];
\draw[->] (-1.1,6) -- (13.4,6);
\draw[->] (-1.0,0) -- (-1.0,6.5);

\node[color=darkgreen] at (8,1.95) [above] {$\dim \mathcal{K}^k(A)$};
\node[color=orange] at (2,4.95) [above] {$\dim \mathcal{J}^k(A)$};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}