% % normalnilp.tex % % (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule % \bgroup \definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} \def\sx{1.9} \def\sy{0.6} \def\punkt#1#2#3{ \foreach \y in {0,...,#2}{ } } \def\block#1#2{ \fill[rounded corners=2pt,color=white] ({-#1*\sx-0.4},-0.05) rectangle ({-#1*\sx+0.4},{#2*\sy+0.05}); \draw[rounded corners=2pt] ({-#1*\sx-0.4},-0.05) rectangle ({-#1*\sx+0.4},{#2*\sy+0.05}); } \def\teilmenge#1#2#3{ \fill[rounded corners=2pt,color=white] ({-#1*\sx-0.35},{#2*\sy}) rectangle ({-#1*\sx+0.35},{#3*\sy+0.00}); \draw[rounded corners=2pt,color=gray] ({-#1*\sx-0.35},{#2*\sy}) rectangle ({-#1*\sx+0.35},{#3*\sy+0.00}); } \def\rot#1#2#3{ \fill[rounded corners=2pt,color=red!20] ({-#1*\sx-0.35},{#2*\sy+0.00}) rectangle ({-#1*\sx+0.35},{#3*\sy+0.00}); \draw[rounded corners=2pt,color=red] ({-#1*\sx-0.35},{#2*\sy+0.00}) rectangle ({-#1*\sx+0.35},{#3*\sy+0.00}); } \def\hellblau#1#2#3{ \fill[rounded corners=2pt,color=blue!20] ({-#1*\sx-0.35},{#2*\sy+0.00}) rectangle ({-#1*\sx+0.35},{#3*\sy+0.00}); \draw[rounded corners=2pt,color=blue!40] ({-#1*\sx-0.35},{#2*\sy+0.00}) rectangle ({-#1*\sx+0.35},{#3*\sy+0.00}); } \def\punkt#1#2{ \fill[color=blue] ({-#1*\sx},{(#2-0.5)*\sy}) circle[radius=0.08]; } \def\bildpunkt#1#2{ \fill[color=blue!40] ({-#1*\sx},{(#2-0.5)*\sy}) circle[radius=0.08]; } \def\pfeil#1#2#3{ \draw[->,color=blue,shorten >= 0.1cm,shorten <= 0.1cm] ({-#1*\sx},{(#2-0.5)*\sy}) -- ({-(#1-1)*\sx},{(#3-0.5)*\sy}) ; } \begin{frame}[t] \frametitle{Normalform einer nilpotenten Matrix} {\usebeamercolor[fg]{title}$A^l=0$ $\Rightarrow$ finde eine ``gute'' Basis} \begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth] \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \vspace{-25pt} \begin{center} \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick] \fill[color=darkgreen!20,rounded corners=2pt] ({-3*\sx+0.35},0) -- (-0.35,0) -- ({-1*\sx+0.35},{4*\sy}) -- ({-1*\sx-0.35},{4*\sy}) -- ({-2*\sx+0.35},{7*\sy}) -- ({-2*\sx-0.35},{7*\sy}) -- ({-3*\sx+0.35},{8*\sy}) -- cycle; \block{0}{0} \block{1}{4} \uncover<10->{ \rot{1}{0}{1} \node[color=red] at ({-1*\sx-0.28},{0.5*\sy}) [left] {$\mathcal{C}_{l-2}$}; } \uncover<8->{ \hellblau{1}{1}{3} } \uncover<4->{ \hellblau{1}{3}{4} } \block{2}{7} \uncover<4->{ \hellblau{2}{6}{7} } \uncover<6->{ \rot{2}{4}{6} \node[color=red] at ({-2*\sx-0.28},{5*\sy}) [left] {$\mathcal{C}_{l-1}$}; } \teilmenge{2}{0}{4} \block{3}{8} \uncover<2->{ \rot{3}{7}{8} \node[color=red] at ({-3*\sx-0.28},{7.5*\sy}) [left] {$\mathcal{C}_l$}; } \teilmenge{3}{0}{7} \uncover<3->{ \punkt{3}{8} } \uncover<4->{ \pfeil{3}{8}{7} \bildpunkt{2}{7} \pfeil{2}{7}{4} \bildpunkt{1}{4} } \uncover<7->{ \punkt{2}{5} \punkt{2}{6} } \uncover<8->{ \pfeil{2}{5}{2} \bildpunkt{1}{3} \pfeil{2}{6}{3} \bildpunkt{1}{2} } \uncover<11->{ \punkt{1}{1} } \node at ({-3*\sx},0) [below] {$\mathcal{K}^l(A)\mathstrut$}; \node at ({-2*\sx},0) [below] {$\mathcal{K}^{l-1}(A)\mathstrut$}; \node at ({-1.45*\sx},0) [below] {$\dots\mathstrut$}; \node at ({-1*\sx},0) [below] {$\mathcal{K}^1(A)\mathstrut$}; \node at ({-0*\sx},0) [below] {$0=\mathcal{K}^0(A)\mathstrut$}; \node[color=gray] at ({-2*\sx},{2*\sy}) [rotate=90] {$\mathcal{K}^1(A)$}; \node[color=gray] at ({-3*\sx},{3.5*\sy}) [rotate=90] {$\mathcal{K}^{l-1}(A)$}; \foreach \x in {0,1,2}{ \draw[->,shorten >= 0.1cm, shorten <= 0.1cm] ({-(\x+1)*\sx},{8.7*\sy}) -- ({-(\x)*\sx},{8.7*\sy}); \node at ({-(\x+0.5)*\sx},{8.7*\sy}) [above] {$A$}; } \end{tikzpicture} \end{center} \end{column} \begin{column}{0.48\textwidth} \vspace{-30pt} \begin{enumerate} \item<2-> \( \mathcal{K}^l(A)=\mathcal{K}^{l-1}\oplus {\color{red}\mathcal{C}_l} \) \item<3-> \( {\color{blue}b_1}\in{\color{red}\mathcal{C}_l} \) \item<4-> \( \mathcal{B}_l = \{{\color{blue}b_1},{\color{blue!40}Ab_1},{\color{blue!40}A^2b_1},\dots, {\color{blue!40}A^{l-1}b_1}\} \) \item<5-> \( \mathcal{K}^{l-1}(A) = \mathcal{K}^{l-2}(A) \oplus {\color{red}\mathcal{C}_{l-1}} \oplus {\color{blue}A\mathcal{C}_l} \) \item<6-> \( {\color{blue}b_2},{\color{blue}b_3}\in{\color{red}\mathcal{C}_{l-1}} \) \item<7-> \( \mathcal{B}_{l-1} = \{ {\color{blue}b_2},{\color{blue}b_3}, {\color{blue!40}Ab_2}, {\color{blue!40}Ab_3},\dots \} \) \item<8-> \dots \end{enumerate} \begin{center} \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=0.4] \uncover<2-4>{ \fill[color=red!20] (2,0) rectangle (3,8); } \uncover<4->{ \fill[color=blue!20] (0,6) rectangle (2,8); } \uncover<5->{ \fill[color=red!20] (2,5) rectangle (3,8); \node[color=blue] at (2.5,6.5) {$1$}; \node[color=blue] at (1.5,7.5) {$1$}; \node[color=gray] at (0.5,7.5) {$0$}; \node[color=gray] at (1.5,6.5) {$0$}; \node[color=gray] at (2.5,5.5) {$0$}; \draw[color=gray] (0.05,5.05) rectangle (2.95,7.95); } \uncover<6-8>{ \fill[color=red!20] (4,0) rectangle (5,8); \fill[color=red!20] (6,0) rectangle (7,8); } \uncover<8->{ \fill[color=blue!20] (3,4) rectangle (4,5); \fill[color=blue!20] (5,2) rectangle (6,3); } \uncover<9->{ \fill[color=red!20] (4,3) rectangle (5,5); \node[color=blue] at (4.5,4.5) {$1$}; \node[color=gray] at (3.5,4.5) {$0$}; \node[color=gray] at (4.5,3.5) {$0$}; \draw[color=gray] (3.05,3.05) rectangle (4.95,4.95); \fill[color=red!20] (6,1) rectangle (7,3); \node[color=blue] at (6.5,2.5) {$1$}; \node[color=gray] at (5.5,2.5) {$0$}; \node[color=gray] at (6.5,1.5) {$0$}; \draw[color=gray] (5.05,1.05) rectangle (6.95,2.95); } \uncover<10>{ \fill[color=red!20] (7,0) rectangle (8,8); } \uncover<11->{ \fill[color=red!20] (7,0) rectangle (8,1); \node[color=gray] at (7.5,0.5) {$0$}; \draw[color=gray] (7.05,0.05) rectangle (7.95,0.95); } \draw (0,0) rectangle (8,8); \node at (-0.1,4) [left] {$A=$}; \end{tikzpicture} \end{center} \end{column} \end{columns} \end{frame} \egroup