\def\vnull{
	\coordinate (A) at ({0*\a},0);
	\coordinate (B) at ({1*\a},0);
	\coordinate (C) at ({2*\a},0);
	\coordinate (D) at ({0.5*\a},{-\b});
	\coordinate (E) at ({1.5*\a},{-\b});
	\draw (A) -- (B);
	\draw (A) -- (D);
	\draw (B) -- (C);
	\draw (B) -- (D);
	\draw (B) -- (E);
	\draw (C) -- (E);
	\draw (D) -- (E);
	\node at (-2.8,{-0.5*\b}) [right] {$\lambda=0.0000$};
	\fill[color=red!100] (A) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (A) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!100] (B) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (B) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!100] (C) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (C) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!100] (D) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (D) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!100] (E) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (E) circle[radius=0.25];
}
\def\fnull{
	\draw[color=red,line width=1.4pt]
		({-2.0000*\c},{0.4472*\d}) --
		({-1.0000*\c},{0.4472*\d}) --
		({0.0000*\c},{0.4472*\d}) --
		({1.0000*\c},{0.4472*\d}) --
		({2.0000*\c},{0.4472*\d});
	\draw[->] ({-2.1*\c},0) -- ({2.1*\c},0);
	\draw[->] (0,{-1.1*\d}) -- (0,{1.1*\d});
	\fill ({-2*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({-1*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({0*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({1*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({2*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
}
\def\vone{
	\coordinate (A) at ({0*\a},0);
	\coordinate (B) at ({1*\a},0);
	\coordinate (C) at ({2*\a},0);
	\coordinate (D) at ({0.5*\a},{-\b});
	\coordinate (E) at ({1.5*\a},{-\b});
	\draw (A) -- (B);
	\draw (A) -- (D);
	\draw (B) -- (C);
	\draw (B) -- (D);
	\draw (B) -- (E);
	\draw (C) -- (E);
	\draw (D) -- (E);
	\node at (-2.8,{-0.5*\b}) [right] {$\lambda=0.1586$};
	\fill[color=blue!100] (A) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (A) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=blue!00] (B) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (B) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!100] (C) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (C) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=blue!41] (D) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (D) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!41] (E) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (E) circle[radius=0.25];
}
\def\fone{
	\draw[color=red,line width=1.4pt]
		({-2.0000*\c},{-0.6533*\d}) --
		({-1.0000*\c},{-0.2706*\d}) --
		({0.0000*\c},{-0.0000*\d}) --
		({1.0000*\c},{0.2706*\d}) --
		({2.0000*\c},{0.6533*\d});
	\draw[->] ({-2.1*\c},0) -- ({2.1*\c},0);
	\draw[->] (0,{-1.1*\d}) -- (0,{1.1*\d});
	\fill ({-2*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({-1*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({0*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({1*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({2*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
}
\def\vtwo{
	\coordinate (A) at ({0*\a},0);
	\coordinate (B) at ({1*\a},0);
	\coordinate (C) at ({2*\a},0);
	\coordinate (D) at ({0.5*\a},{-\b});
	\coordinate (E) at ({1.5*\a},{-\b});
	\draw (A) -- (B);
	\draw (A) -- (D);
	\draw (B) -- (C);
	\draw (B) -- (D);
	\draw (B) -- (E);
	\draw (C) -- (E);
	\draw (D) -- (E);
	\node at (-2.8,{-0.5*\b}) [right] {$\lambda=0.3000$};
	\fill[color=red!100] (A) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (A) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=blue!00] (B) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (B) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!100] (C) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (C) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=blue!100] (D) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (D) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=blue!100] (E) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (E) circle[radius=0.25];
}
\def\ftwo{
	\draw[color=red,line width=1.4pt]
		({-2.0000*\c},{0.5000*\d}) --
		({-1.0000*\c},{-0.5000*\d}) --
		({0.0000*\c},{-0.0000*\d}) --
		({1.0000*\c},{-0.5000*\d}) --
		({2.0000*\c},{0.5000*\d});
	\draw[->] ({-2.1*\c},0) -- ({2.1*\c},0);
	\draw[->] (0,{-1.1*\d}) -- (0,{1.1*\d});
	\fill ({-2*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({-1*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({0*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({1*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({2*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
}
\def\vthree{
	\coordinate (A) at ({0*\a},0);
	\coordinate (B) at ({1*\a},0);
	\coordinate (C) at ({2*\a},0);
	\coordinate (D) at ({0.5*\a},{-\b});
	\coordinate (E) at ({1.5*\a},{-\b});
	\draw (A) -- (B);
	\draw (A) -- (D);
	\draw (B) -- (C);
	\draw (B) -- (D);
	\draw (B) -- (E);
	\draw (C) -- (E);
	\draw (D) -- (E);
	\node at (-2.8,{-0.5*\b}) [right] {$\lambda=0.4414$};
	\fill[color=red!41] (A) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (A) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!00] (B) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (B) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=blue!41] (C) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (C) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=blue!100] (D) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (D) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!100] (E) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (E) circle[radius=0.25];
}
\def\fthree{
	\draw[color=red,line width=1.4pt]
		({-2.0000*\c},{0.2706*\d}) --
		({-1.0000*\c},{-0.6533*\d}) --
		({0.0000*\c},{0.0000*\d}) --
		({1.0000*\c},{0.6533*\d}) --
		({2.0000*\c},{-0.2706*\d});
	\draw[->] ({-2.1*\c},0) -- ({2.1*\c},0);
	\draw[->] (0,{-1.1*\d}) -- (0,{1.1*\d});
	\fill ({-2*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({-1*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({0*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({1*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({2*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
}
\def\vfour{
	\coordinate (A) at ({0*\a},0);
	\coordinate (B) at ({1*\a},0);
	\coordinate (C) at ({2*\a},0);
	\coordinate (D) at ({0.5*\a},{-\b});
	\coordinate (E) at ({1.5*\a},{-\b});
	\draw (A) -- (B);
	\draw (A) -- (D);
	\draw (B) -- (C);
	\draw (B) -- (D);
	\draw (B) -- (E);
	\draw (C) -- (E);
	\draw (D) -- (E);
	\node at (-2.8,{-0.5*\b}) [right] {$\lambda=0.5000$};
	\fill[color=red!25] (A) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (A) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=blue!100] (B) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (B) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!25] (C) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (C) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!25] (D) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (D) circle[radius=0.25];
	\fill[color=red!25] (E) circle[radius=0.25];
	\draw (E) circle[radius=0.25];
}
\def\ffour{
	\draw[color=red,line width=1.4pt]
		({-2.0000*\c},{0.2236*\d}) --
		({-1.0000*\c},{0.2236*\d}) --
		({0.0000*\c},{-0.8944*\d}) --
		({1.0000*\c},{0.2236*\d}) --
		({2.0000*\c},{0.2236*\d});
	\draw[->] ({-2.1*\c},0) -- ({2.1*\c},0);
	\draw[->] (0,{-1.1*\d}) -- (0,{1.1*\d});
	\fill ({-2*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({-1*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({0*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({1*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
	\fill ({2*\c},0) circle[radius=0.05];
}