diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'buch/papers')
120 files changed, 16787 insertions, 1308 deletions
diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/images/konvergenzAiry.pdf b/buch/papers/0f1/images/konvergenzAiry.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..206cd3a --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/images/konvergenzAiry.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/images/konvergenzNegativ.pdf b/buch/papers/0f1/images/konvergenzNegativ.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..03b2ba1 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/images/konvergenzNegativ.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/images/konvergenzPositiv.pdf b/buch/papers/0f1/images/konvergenzPositiv.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e45129 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/images/konvergenzPositiv.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/images/stabilitaet.pdf b/buch/papers/0f1/images/stabilitaet.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..13dea39 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/images/stabilitaet.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/listings/kettenbruchIterativ.c b/buch/papers/0f1/listings/kettenbruchIterativ.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d897b8f --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/listings/kettenbruchIterativ.c @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +/**
+ * @brief Calculates the Hypergeometric Function 0F1(;b;z)
+ * @param b0 in 0F1(;b0;z)
+ * @param z in 0F1(;b0;z)
+ * @param n number of itertions (precision)
+ * @return Result
+ */
+static double fractionRekursion0f1(const double c, const double z, unsigned int n)
+{
+ //declaration
+ double a = 0.0;
+ double b = 0.0;
+ double Ak = 0.0;
+ double Bk = 0.0;
+ double Ak_1 = 0.0;
+ double Bk_1 = 0.0;
+ double Ak_2 = 0.0;
+ double Bk_2 = 0.0;
+
+ for (unsigned int k = 0; k <= n; ++k)
+ {
+ if (k == 0)
+ {
+ a = 1.0; //a0
+ //recursion fomula for A0, B0
+ Ak = a;
+ Bk = 1.0;
+ }
+ else if (k == 1)
+ {
+ a = 1.0; //a1
+ b = z/c; //b1
+ //recursion fomula for A1, B1
+ Ak = a * Ak_1 + b * 1.0;
+ Bk = a * Bk_1;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ a = 1 + (z / (k * ((k - 1) + c)));//ak
+ b = -(z / (k * ((k - 1) + c))); //bk
+ //recursion fomula for Ak, Bk
+ Ak = a * Ak_1 + b * Ak_2;
+ Bk = a * Bk_1 + b * Bk_2;
+ }
+ //save old values
+ Ak_2 = Ak_1;
+ Bk_2 = Bk_1;
+ Ak_1 = Ak;
+ Bk_1 = Bk;
+ }
+ //approximation fraction
+ return Ak/Bk;
+}
diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/listings/kettenbruchRekursion.c b/buch/papers/0f1/listings/kettenbruchRekursion.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3caaf43 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/listings/kettenbruchRekursion.c @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +/**
+ * @brief Calculates the Hypergeometric Function 0F1(;c;z)
+ * @param c in 0F1(;c;z)
+ * @param z in 0F1(;c;z)
+ * @param k number of itertions (precision)
+ * @return Result
+ */
+static double fractionIter0f1(const double c, const double z, unsigned int k)
+{
+ //declaration
+ double a = 0.0;
+ double b = 0.0;
+ double abk = 0.0;
+ double temp = 0.0;
+
+ for (; k > 0; --k)
+ {
+ abk = z / (k * ((k - 1) + c)); //abk = ak, bk
+
+ a = k > 1 ? (1 + abk) : 1; //a0, a1
+ b = k > 1 ? -abk : abk; //b1
+
+ temp = b / (a + temp); //bk / (ak + last result)
+ }
+
+ return a + temp; //a0 + temp
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/listings/potenzreihe.c b/buch/papers/0f1/listings/potenzreihe.c new file mode 100644 index 0000000..23fdfea --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/listings/potenzreihe.c @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +#include <math.h>
+
+/**
+ * @brief Calculates pochhammer
+ * @param (a+n-1)!
+ * @return Result
+ */
+static double pochhammer(const double x, double n)
+{
+ double temp = x;
+
+ if (n > 0)
+ {
+ while (n > 1)
+ {
+ temp *= (x + n - 1);
+ --n;
+ }
+
+ return temp;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Calculates the Factorial
+ * @param n!
+ * @return Result
+ */
+static double fac(int n)
+{
+ double temp = n;
+
+ if (n > 0)
+ {
+ while (n > 1)
+ {
+ --n;
+ temp *= n;
+ }
+ return temp;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Calculates the Hypergeometric Function 0F1(;b;z)
+ * @param c in 0F1(;c;z)
+ * @param z in 0F1(;c;z)
+ * @param n number of itertions (precision)
+ * @return Result
+ */
+static double powerseries(const double c, const double z, unsigned int n)
+{
+ double temp = 0.0;
+
+ for (unsigned int k = 0; k < n; ++k)
+ {
+ temp += pow(z, k) / (factorial(k) * pochhammer(c, k));
+ }
+
+ return temp;
+}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/main.tex b/buch/papers/0f1/main.tex index 264ad56..0b1020f 100644 --- a/buch/papers/0f1/main.tex +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/main.tex @@ -1,36 +1,24 @@ -% -% main.tex -- Paper zum Thema <0f1> -% -% (c) 2020 Hochschule Rapperswil -% -\chapter{Thema\label{chapter:0f1}} -\lhead{Thema} -\begin{refsection} -\chapterauthor{Hans Muster} - -Ein paar Hinweise für die korrekte Formatierung des Textes -\begin{itemize} -\item -Absätze werden gebildet, indem man eine Leerzeile einfügt. -Die Verwendung von \verb+\\+ ist nur in Tabellen und Arrays gestattet. -\item -Die explizite Platzierung von Bildern ist nicht erlaubt, entsprechende -Optionen werden gelöscht. -Verwenden Sie Labels und Verweise, um auf Bilder hinzuweisen. -\item -Beginnen Sie jeden Satz auf einer neuen Zeile. -Damit ermöglichen Sie dem Versionsverwaltungssysteme, Änderungen -in verschiedenen Sätzen von verschiedenen Autoren ohne Konflikt -anzuwenden. -\item -Bilden Sie auch für Formeln kurze Zeilen, einerseits der besseren -Übersicht wegen, aber auch um GIT die Arbeit zu erleichtern. -\end{itemize} - -\input{papers/0f1/teil0.tex} -\input{papers/0f1/teil1.tex} -\input{papers/0f1/teil2.tex} -\input{papers/0f1/teil3.tex} - -\printbibliography[heading=subbibliography] -\end{refsection} +%
+% main.tex -- Paper zum Thema <0f1>
+%
+% (c) 2020 Hochschule Rapperswil
+%
+%
+
+
+
+\chapter{Algorithmus zur Berechnung von $\mathstrut_0F_1$\label{chapter:0f1}}
+\lhead{Algorithmus zur Berechnung von $\mathstrut_0F_1$}
+\begin{refsection}
+\chapterauthor{Fabian Dünki}
+
+
+
+
+\input{papers/0f1/teil0.tex}
+\input{papers/0f1/teil1.tex}
+\input{papers/0f1/teil2.tex}
+\input{papers/0f1/teil3.tex}
+
+\printbibliography[heading=subbibliography]
+\end{refsection}
diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/references.bib b/buch/papers/0f1/references.bib index fb9cd8b..47555da 100644 --- a/buch/papers/0f1/references.bib +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/references.bib @@ -4,32 +4,82 @@ % (c) 2020 Autor, Hochschule Rapperswil % -@online{0f1:bibtex, - title = {BibTeX}, - url = {https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX}, - date = {2020-02-06}, - year = {2020}, - month = {2}, - day = {6} -} - -@book{0f1:numerical-analysis, - title = {Numerical Analysis}, - author = {David Kincaid and Ward Cheney}, - publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, - year = {2002}, - isbn = {978-8-8218-4788-6}, - inseries = {Pure and applied undegraduate texts}, - volume = {2} -} - -@article{0f1:mendezmueller, - author = { Tabea Méndez and Andreas Müller }, - title = { Noncommutative harmonic analysis and image registration }, - journal = { Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal.}, - year = 2019, - volume = 47, - pages = {607--627}, - url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acha.2017.11.004} +@online{0f1:library-gsl, + title = {GNU Scientific Library}, + url ={https://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/}, + date = {2022-07-07}, + year = {2022}, + month = {7}, + day = {7} } +@online{0f1:wiki-airyFunktion, + title = {Airy-Funktion}, + url ={https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airy-Funktion}, + date = {2022-07-07}, + year = {2022}, + month = {7}, + day = {7} +} + +@online{0f1:wiki-kettenbruch, + title = {Kettenbruch}, + url ={https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettenbruch}, + date = {2022-07-07}, + year = {2022}, + month = {7}, + day = {25} +} + +@online{0f1:double, + title = {C - Data Types}, + url ={https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/c_data_types.htm}, + date = {2022-07-07}, + year = {2022}, + month = {7}, + day = {7} +} + +@online{0f1:wolfram-0f1, + title = {Hypergeometric 0F1}, + url ={https://functions.wolfram.com/webMathematica/FunctionEvaluation.jsp?name=Hypergeometric0F1}, + date = {2022-07-07}, + year = {2022}, + month = {7}, + day = {7} +} + +@online{0f1:wiki-fraction, + title = {Gauss continued fraction}, + url ={https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%27s_continued_fraction}, + date = {2022-07-07}, + year = {2022}, + month = {7}, + day = {7} +} + +@online{0f1:code, + title = {Vollständiger C-Code}, + url ={https://github.com/AndreasFMueller/SeminarSpezielleFunktionen/tree/master/buch/papers/0f1/listings}, + date = {2022-07-07}, + year = {2022}, + month = {7}, + day = {7} +} + +@book{0f1:SeminarNumerik, + title = {Mathematisches Seminar Numerik}, + author = {Andreas Müller et al}, + publisher = {Andreas Müller}, + year = {2022}, +} + +@article{0f1:kettenbrueche, + author = { Benjamin Bouhafs-Keller }, + title = { Kettenbrüche }, + journal = { Mathematisches Seminar Numerik }, + year = 2020, + volume = 13, + pages = {363--376}, + url = {https://github.com/AndreasFMueller/SeminarNumerik} +} diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/teil0.tex b/buch/papers/0f1/teil0.tex index 9087808..adccac7 100644 --- a/buch/papers/0f1/teil0.tex +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/teil0.tex @@ -1,22 +1,15 @@ -% -% einleitung.tex -- Beispiel-File für die Einleitung -% -% (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil -% -\section{Teil 0\label{0f1:section:teil0}} -\rhead{Teil 0} -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam -nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam -erat, sed diam voluptua \cite{0f1:bibtex}. -At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. -Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum -dolor sit amet. - -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam -nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam -erat, sed diam voluptua. -At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita -kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit -amet. - - +%
+% einleitung.tex -- Einleitung
+%
+% (c) 2022 Fabian Dünki, Hochschule Rapperswil
+%
+\section{Ausgangslage\label{0f1:section:ausgangslage}}
+\rhead{Ausgangslage}
+Die Hypergeometrische Funktion $\mathstrut_0F_1$ wird in vielen Funktionen als Basisfunktion benutzt,
+zum Beispiel um die Airy Funktion zu berechnen.
+In der GNU Scientific Library \cite{0f1:library-gsl}
+ist die Funktion $\mathstrut_0F_1$ vorhanden.
+Allerdings wirft die Funktion, bei negativen Übergabenwerten wie zum Beispiel \verb+gsl_sf_hyperg_0F1(1, -1)+, eine Exception.
+Bei genauerer Untersuchung hat sich gezeigt, dass die Funktion je nach Betriebssystem funktioniert oder eben nicht.
+So kann die Funktion unter Windows fehlerfrei aufgerufen werden, beim Mac OS und Linux sind negative Übergabeparameter im Moment nicht möglich.
+Ziel dieser Arbeit war es zu evaluieren, ob es mit einfachen mathematischen Operationen möglich ist, die Hypergeometrische Funktion $\mathstrut_0F_1$ zu implementieren.
diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/teil1.tex b/buch/papers/0f1/teil1.tex index aca84d2..2ca9647 100644 --- a/buch/papers/0f1/teil1.tex +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/teil1.tex @@ -1,55 +1,101 @@ -% -% teil1.tex -- Beispiel-File für das Paper -% -% (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil -% -\section{Teil 1 -\label{0f1:section:teil1}} -\rhead{Problemstellung} -Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem -accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa -quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae -dicta sunt explicabo. -Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit -aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione -voluptatem sequi nesciunt -\begin{equation} -\int_a^b x^2\, dx -= -\left[ \frac13 x^3 \right]_a^b -= -\frac{b^3-a^3}3. -\label{0f1:equation1} -\end{equation} -Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, -consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora -incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. - -Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis -suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? -Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit -esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum -fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? - -\subsection{De finibus bonorum et malorum -\label{0f1:subsection:finibus}} -At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui -blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos -dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non -provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia -animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga \eqref{000tempmlate:equation1}. - -Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio -\ref{0f1:section:loesung}. -Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil -impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis -voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus -\ref{0f1:section:folgerung}. -Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum -necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et -molestiae non recusandae. -Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis -voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus -asperiores repellat. - - +%
+% teil1.tex -- Mathematischer Hintergrund
+%
+% (c) 2022 Fabian Dünki, Hochschule Rapperswil
+%
+\section{Mathematischer Hintergrund
+\label{0f1:section:mathHintergrund}}
+\rhead{Mathematischer Hintergrund}
+Basierend auf den Herleitungen des vorhergehenden Kapitels \ref{buch:rekursion:section:hypergeometrische-funktion}, werden im nachfolgenden Abschnitt nochmals die Resultate
+beschrieben.
+
+\subsection{Hypergeometrische Funktion
+\label{0f1:subsection:hypergeometrisch}}
+Als Grundlage der umgesetzten Algorithmen dient die Hypergeometrische Funktion $\mathstrut_0F_1$. Diese ist eine Unterfunktion der allgemein definierten Funktion $\mathstrut_pF_q$.
+
+\begin{definition}
+ \label{0f1:math:qFp:def}
+ Die hypergeometrische Funktion
+ $\mathstrut_pF_q$ ist definiert durch die Reihe
+ \[
+ \mathstrut_pF_q
+ \biggl(
+ \begin{matrix}
+ a_1,\dots,a_p\\
+ b_1,\dots,b_q
+ \end{matrix}
+ ;
+ x
+ \biggr)
+ =
+ \mathstrut_pF_q(a_1,\dots,a_p;b_1,\dots,b_q;x)
+ =
+ \sum_{k=0}^\infty
+ \frac{(a_1)_k\cdots(a_p)_k}{(b_1)_k\cdots(b_q)_k}\frac{x^k}{k!}.
+ \]
+\end{definition}
+
+Angewendet auf die Funktion $\mathstrut_pF_q$ ergibt sich für $\mathstrut_0F_1$:
+
+\begin{equation}
+ \label{0f1:math:0f1:eq}
+ \mathstrut_0F_1
+ \biggl(
+ \begin{matrix}
+ \\
+ b_1
+ \end{matrix}
+ ;
+ x
+ \biggr)
+ =
+ \mathstrut_0F_1(;b_1;x)
+ =
+ \sum_{k=0}^\infty
+ \frac{x^k}{(b_1)_k \cdot k!}.
+\end{equation}
+
+
+
+
+\subsection{Airy Funktion
+\label{0f1:subsection:airy}}
+Die Airy-Funktion $Ai(x)$ und die verwandte Funktion $Bi(x)$ werden als Airy-Funktion bezeichnet. Sie werden zur Lösung verschiedener physikalischer Probleme benutzt, wie zum Beispiel zur Lösung der Schrödinger-Gleichung. \cite{0f1:wiki-airyFunktion}
+
+\begin{definition}
+ \label{0f1:airy:differentialgleichung:def}
+ Die Differentialgleichung
+ $y'' - xy = 0$
+ heisst die {\em Airy-Differentialgleichung}. \cite{0f1:wiki-airyFunktion}
+\end{definition}
+
+Die Airy Funktion lässt sich auf verschiedene Arten darstellen. \cite{0f1:wiki-airyFunktion}
+Als hypergeometrische Funktion berechnet, ergibt sich wie in Kapitel \ref{buch:differentialgleichungen:section:hypergeometrisch} hergeleitet, folgende Lösungen der Airy-Differentialgleichung zu den Anfangsbedingungen $A(0)=1$ und $A'(0)=0$, sowie $B(0)=0$ und $B'(0)=0$.
+
+\begin{align}
+\label{0f1:airy:hypergeometrisch:eq}
+Ai(x)
+=
+\sum_{k=0}^\infty
+\frac{1}{(\frac23)_k} \frac{1}{k!}\biggl(\frac{x^3}{9}\biggr)^k
+=
+\mathstrut_0F_1\biggl(
+\begin{matrix}\text{---}\\\frac23\end{matrix};\frac{x^3}{9}
+\biggr).
+\\
+Bi(x)
+=
+\sum_{k=0}^\infty
+\frac{1}{(\frac43)_k} \frac{1}{k!}\biggl(\frac{x^3}{9}\biggr)^k
+=
+x\cdot\mathstrut_0F_1\biggl(
+\begin{matrix}\text{---}\\\frac43\end{matrix};
+\frac{x^3}{9}
+\biggr).
+\qedhere
+\end{align}
+
+In diesem speziellem Fall wird die Airy Funktion $Ai(x)$ \eqref{0f1:airy:hypergeometrisch:eq}
+benutzt, um die Stabilität der Algorithmen zu $\mathstrut_0F_1$ zu überprüfen.
+
+
diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/teil2.tex b/buch/papers/0f1/teil2.tex index 804d11b..9269961 100644 --- a/buch/papers/0f1/teil2.tex +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/teil2.tex @@ -1,40 +1,172 @@ -% -% teil2.tex -- Beispiel-File für teil2 -% -% (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil -% -\section{Teil 2 -\label{0f1:section:teil2}} -\rhead{Teil 2} -Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem -accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa -quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae -dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit -aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores -eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam -est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci -velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore -et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima -veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, -nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure -reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae -consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla -pariatur? - -\subsection{De finibus bonorum et malorum -\label{0f1:subsection:bonorum}} -At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui -blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos -dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non -provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia -animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis -est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis -est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime -placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor -repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut -rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae -sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a -sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias -consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat. - - +%
+% teil2.tex -- Umsetzung in C Programmen
+%
+% (c) 2022 Fabian Dünki, Hochschule Rapperswil
+%
+\section{Umsetzung
+\label{0f1:section:teil2}}
+\rhead{Umsetzung}
+Zur Umsetzung wurden drei verschiedene Ansätze gewählt.\cite{0f1:code} Dabei wurde der Schwerpunkt auf die Funktionalität und eine gute Lesbarkeit des Codes gelegt.
+Die Unterprogramme wurde jeweils, wie die GNU Scientific Library, in C geschrieben. Die Zwischenresultate wurden vom Hauptprogramm in einem CSV-File gespeichert. Anschliessen wurde mit der Matplot-Libray in Python die Resultate geplottet.
+
+\subsection{Potenzreihe
+\label{0f1:subsection:potenzreihe}}
+Die naheliegendste Lösung ist die Programmierung der Potenzreihe. Allerdings ist ein Problem dieser Umsetzung \ref{0f1:listing:potenzreihe}, dass die Fakultät im Nenner schnell grosse Werte annimmt und so der Bruch gegen Null strebt. Spätesten ab $k=167$ stösst diese Umsetzung \eqref{0f1:umsetzung:0f1:eq} an ihre Grenzen, da die Fakultät von $168$ eine Bereichsüberschreitung des \textit{double} Bereiches darstellt. \cite{0f1:double}
+
+\begin{align}
+ \label{0f1:umsetzung:0f1:eq}
+ \mathstrut_0F_1(;c;z)
+ &=
+ \sum_{k=0}^\infty
+ \frac{z^k}{(c)_k \cdot k!}
+ &=
+ \frac{1}{c}
+ +\frac{z^1}{(c+1) \cdot 1}
+ + \cdots
+ + \frac{z^{20}}{c(c+1)(c+2)\cdots(c+19) \cdot 2.4 \cdot 10^{18}}
+\end{align}
+
+\lstinputlisting[style=C,float,caption={Potenzreihe.},label={0f1:listing:potenzreihe}, firstline=59]{papers/0f1/listings/potenzreihe.c}
+
+\subsection{Kettenbruch
+\label{0f1:subsection:kettenbruch}}
+Ein endlicher Kettenbruch ist ein Bruch der Form
+\begin{equation*}
+a_0 + \cfrac{b_1}{a_1+\cfrac{b_2}{a_2+\cfrac{b_3}{a_3+\cdots}}}
+\end{equation*}
+in welchem $a_0, a_1,\dots,a_n$ und $b_1,b_2,\dots,b_n$ ganze Zahlen darstellen.
+Die Kurzschreibweise für einen allgemeinen Kettenbruch ist
+\begin{equation*}
+ a_0 + \frac{a_1|}{|b_1} + \frac{a_2|}{|b_2} + \frac{a_3|}{|b_3} + \cdots
+\end{equation*}
+und ist somit verknüpfbar mit der Potenzreihe.
+\cite{0f1:wiki-kettenbruch}
+Angewendet auf die Funktion $\mathstrut_0F_1$ bedeutet dies\cite{0f1:wiki-fraction}:
+\begin{equation*}
+ \mathstrut_0F_1(;c;z) = 1 + \frac{z}{c\cdot1!} + \frac{z^2}{c(c+1)\cdot2!} + \frac{z^3}{c(c+1)(c+2)\cdot3!} + \cdots
+\end{equation*}
+Nach allen Umformungen ergibt sich folgender, irregulärer Kettenbruch \eqref{0f1:math:kettenbruch:0f1:eq}
+\begin{equation}
+ \label{0f1:math:kettenbruch:0f1:eq}
+ \mathstrut_0F_1(;c;z) = 1 + \cfrac{\cfrac{z}{c}}{1+\cfrac{-\cfrac{z}{2(c+1)}}{1+\cfrac{z}{2(c+1)}+\cfrac{-\cfrac{z}{3(c+2)}}{1+\cfrac{z}{5(c+4)} + \cdots}}},
+\end{equation}
+der als Code \ref{0f1:listing:kettenbruchIterativ} umgesetzt wurde.
+\cite{0f1:wolfram-0f1}
+
+\lstinputlisting[style=C,float,caption={Iterativ umgesetzter Kettenbruch.},label={0f1:listing:kettenbruchIterativ}, firstline=8]{papers/0f1/listings/kettenbruchIterativ.c}
+
+\subsection{Rekursionsformel
+\label{0f1:subsection:rekursionsformel}}
+Wesentlich stabiler zur Berechnung eines Kettenbruches ist die Rekursionsformel. Nachfolgend wird die verkürzte Herleitung vom Kettenbruch zur Rekursionsformel aufgezeigt. Eine vollständige Schritt für Schritt Herleitung ist im Seminarbuch Numerik, im Kapitel Kettenbrüche zu finden. \cite{0f1:kettenbrueche}
+
+\subsubsection{Herleitung}
+Ein Näherungsbruch in der Form
+\begin{align*}
+ \cfrac{A_k}{B_k} = a_k + \cfrac{b_{k + 1}}{a_{k + 1} + \cfrac{p}{q}}
+\end{align*}
+lässt sich zu
+\begin{align*}
+ \cfrac{A_k}{B_k} = \cfrac{b_{k+1}}{a_{k+1} + \cfrac{p}{q}} = \frac{b_{k+1} \cdot q}{a_{k+1} \cdot q + p}
+\end{align*}
+umformen.
+Dies lässt sich auch durch die folgende Matrizenschreibweise ausdrücken:
+\begin{equation*}
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ A_k\\
+ B_k
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ = \begin{pmatrix}
+ b_{k+1} \cdot q\\
+ a_{k+1} \cdot q + p
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ =\begin{pmatrix}
+ 0& b_{k+1}\\
+ 1& a_{k+1}
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ p \\
+ q
+ \end{pmatrix}.
+ %\label{0f1:math:rekursionsformel:herleitung}
+\end{equation*}
+Wendet man dies nun auf den Kettenbruch in der Form
+\begin{equation*}
+ \frac{A_k}{B_k} = a_0 + \cfrac{b_1}{a_1+\cfrac{b_2}{a_2+\cfrac{\cdots}{\cdots+\cfrac{b_{k-1}}{a_{k-1} + \cfrac{b_k}{a_k}}}}}
+\end{equation*}
+an, ergibt sich folgende Matrixdarstellungen:
+
+\begin{align*}
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ A_k\\
+ B_k
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ &=
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ 1& a_0\\
+ 0& 1
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ 0& b_1\\
+ 1& a_1
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ \cdots
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ 0& b_{k-1}\\
+ 1& a_{k-1}
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ b_k\\
+ a_k
+ \end{pmatrix}
+\end{align*}
+Nach vollständiger Induktion ergibt sich für den Schritt $k$, die Matrix
+\begin{equation}
+ \label{0f1:math:matrix:ende:eq}
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ A_{k}\\
+ B_{k}
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ =
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ A_{k-2}& A_{k-1}\\
+ B_{k-2}& B_{k-1}
+ \end{pmatrix}
+ \begin{pmatrix}
+ b_k\\
+ a_k
+ \end{pmatrix}.
+\end{equation}
+Und Schlussendlich kann der Näherungsbruch
+\[
+\frac{Ak}{Bk}
+\]
+berechnet werden.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Lösung}
+Die Berechnung von $A_k, B_k$ \eqref{0f1:math:matrix:ende:eq} kann man auch ohne die Matrizenschreibweise aufschreiben: \cite{0f1:wiki-fraction}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Startbedingungen:
+\begin{align*}
+A_{-1} &= 0 & A_0 &= a_0 \\
+B_{-1} &= 1 & B_0 &= 1
+\end{align*}
+\item Schritt $k\to k+1$:
+\[
+\begin{aligned}
+\label{0f1:math:loesung:eq}
+k &\rightarrow k + 1:
+&
+A_{k+1} &= A_{k-1} \cdot b_k + A_k \cdot a_k \\
+&&
+B_{k+1} &= B_{k-1} \cdot b_k + B_k \cdot a_k
+\end{aligned}
+\]
+\item
+Näherungsbruch: \qquad$\displaystyle\frac{A_k}{B_k}$
+\end{itemize}
+
+Ein grosser Vorteil dieser Umsetzung \ref{0f1:listing:kettenbruchRekursion} ist, dass im Vergleich zum Code \ref{0f1:listing:kettenbruchIterativ} eine Division gespart werden kann und somit weniger Rundungsfehler entstehen können.
+
+%Code
+\lstinputlisting[style=C,float,caption={Rekursionsformel für Kettenbruch.},label={0f1:listing:kettenbruchRekursion}, firstline=8]{papers/0f1/listings/kettenbruchRekursion.c}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/0f1/teil3.tex b/buch/papers/0f1/teil3.tex index 25472cb..2855e26 100644 --- a/buch/papers/0f1/teil3.tex +++ b/buch/papers/0f1/teil3.tex @@ -1,40 +1,64 @@ -% -% teil3.tex -- Beispiel-File für Teil 3 -% -% (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil -% -\section{Teil 3 -\label{0f1:section:teil3}} -\rhead{Teil 3} -Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem -accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa -quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae -dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit -aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores -eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam -est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci -velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore -et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima -veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, -nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure -reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae -consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla -pariatur? - -\subsection{De finibus bonorum et malorum -\label{0f1:subsection:malorum}} -At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui -blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos -dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non -provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia -animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis -est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis -est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime -placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor -repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut -rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae -sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a -sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias -consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat. - - +%
+% teil3.tex -- Resultate und Ausblick
+%
+% (c) 2022 Fabian Dünki, Hochschule Rapperswil
+%
+\section{Auswertung
+\label{0f1:section:teil3}}
+\rhead{Resultate}
+Im Verlauf des Seminares hat sich gezeigt,
+das ein einfacher mathematischer Algorithmus zu implementieren gar nicht so einfach ist.
+So haben alle drei umgesetzten Ansätze Probleme mit grossen negativen $z$ in der Funktion $\mathstrut_0F_1(;c;z)$.
+Ebenso kann festgestellt werden,dass je grösser der Wert $z$ in $\mathstrut_0F_1(;c;z)$ wird, desto mehr weichen die berechneten Resultate von den Erwarteten ab. \cite{0f1:wolfram-0f1}
+
+\subsection{Konvergenz
+\label{0f1:subsection:konvergenz}}
+Es zeigt sich in Abbildung \ref{0f1:ausblick:plot:airy:konvergenz}, dass schon nach drei Iterationen ($k = 3$) die Funktionen schon genaue Resultate im Bereich von -2 bis 2 liefert. Ebenso kann festgestellt werden, dass der Kettenbruch schneller konvergiert und im positiven Bereich sogar mit der Referenzfunktion $Ai(x)$ übereinstimmt. Da die Rekursionsformel \ref{0f1:listing:kettenbruchRekursion} eine Abwandlung des Kettenbruches ist, verhalten sich die Funktionen in diesem Fall gleich.
+
+Erst wenn mehrere Durchläufe gemacht werden, um die Genauigkeit zu verbessern, ist der Kettenbruch den anderen zwei Algorithmen, bezüglich Konvergenz überlegen.
+Interessant ist auch, dass die Rekursionsformel nahezu gleich schnell wie die Potenzreihe konvergiert, aber sich danach einschwingt. Dieses Verhalten ist auch bei grösseren $z$ zu beobachten, allerdings ist dann die Differenz zwischen dem ersten lokalen Minimum von k bis zum Abbruch kleiner.
+\ref{0f1:ausblick:plot:konvergenz:positiv}
+Dieses Phänomen ist auf die Lösung der Rekursionsformel zurück zu führen.\ref{0f1:math:loesung:eq} Da im Gegensatz die ganz kleinen Werte nicht zu einer Konvergenz wie beim Kettenbruch führen, sondern sich noch eine Zeit lang durch die Multiplikation aufschwingen.
+
+Ist $z$ negativ wie im Abbild \ref{0f1:ausblick:plot:konvergenz:negativ}, führt dies zu einer Gegenseitigen Kompensation von negativen und positiven Termen so bricht die Rekursionsformel hier zusammen mit der Potenzreihe ab.
+Die ansteigende Differenz mit anschliessender, ist aufgrund der sich alternierenden Termen mit wechselnden Vorzeichens zu erklären.
+
+\subsection{Stabilität
+\label{0f1:subsection:Stabilitaet}}
+Verändert sich der Wert von z in $\mathstrut_0F_1(;c;z)$ gegen grössere positive Werte, wie zum Beispiel $c = 800$ liefert die Kettenbruch-Funktion \ref{0f1:listing:kettenbruchIterativ} \verb+inf+ zurück. Dies könnte durch ein Abbruchkriterien abgefangen werden. Allerdings würde das, bei grossen Werten zulasten der Genauigkeit gehen. Trotzdem könnte, je nach Anwendung, auf ein paar Nachkommastellen verzichtet werden.
+
+Wohingegen die Potenzreihe \ref{0f1:listing:potenzreihe} das Problem hat, dass je mehr Terme berechnet werden, desto schneller wächst die Fakultät und irgendwann gibt es eine Bereichsüberschreitung von \verb+double+. Schlussendlich gibt das Unterprogramm das Resultat \verb+-nan(ind)+ zurück.
+Die Rekursionformel \ref{0f1:listing:kettenbruchRekursion} liefert für sehr grosse positive Werte die genausten Ergebnisse, verglichen mit der GNU Scientific Library. Wie schon vermutet ist die Rekursionsformel, im positivem Bereich, der stabilste Algorithmus. Um die Stabilität zu gewährleisten, muss wie in \ref{0f1:ausblick:plot:konvergenz:positiv} dargestellt, die Iterationstiefe $k$ genug gross gewählt werden.
+
+Im negativem Bereich sind alle gewählten und umgesetzten Ansätze instabil. Grund dafür ist die Fakultät im Nenner, was zum Phänomen der Auslöschung führt.\cite{0f1:SeminarNumerik} Schön zu beobachten ist dies in der Abbildung \ref{0f1:ausblick:plot:airy:stabilitaet} mit der Airy-Funktion als Test. So sind sowohl der Kettenbruch, als auch die Rekursionsformel bis ungefähr $\frac{-15^3}{9}$ stabil. Dies macht auch Sinn, da beide auf der gleichen mathematischen Grundlage basieren. Danach verhält sich allerdings die Instabilität unterschiedlich. Das unterschiedliche Verhalten kann damit erklärt werden, dass beim Kettenbruch jeweils eine zusätzliche Division stattfindet. Diese Unterschiede sind auch in Abbildung \ref{0f1:ausblick:plot:konvergenz:positiv} festzustellen.
+
+
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{papers/0f1/images/konvergenzAiry.pdf}
+ \caption{Konvergenz nach drei Iterationen, dargestellt anhand der Airy Funktion zu den Anfangsbedingungen $Ai(0)=1$ und $Ai'(0)=0$.
+ \label{0f1:ausblick:plot:airy:konvergenz}}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{papers/0f1/images/konvergenzPositiv.pdf}
+ \caption{Konvergenz: Logarithmisch dargestellte Differenz vom erwarteten Endresultat.
+ \label{0f1:ausblick:plot:konvergenz:positiv}}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{papers/0f1/images/konvergenzNegativ.pdf}
+ \caption{Konvergenz: Logarithmisch dargestellte Differenz vom erwarteten Endresultat.
+ \label{0f1:ausblick:plot:konvergenz:negativ}}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \centering
+ \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{papers/0f1/images/stabilitaet.pdf}
+ \caption{Stabilität der 3 Algorithmen verglichen mit der Referenz Funktion $Ai(x)$.
+ \label{0f1:ausblick:plot:airy:stabilitaet}}
+\end{figure}
+
diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/.gitignore b/buch/papers/fm/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..eae2913 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/fm/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +standalone
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/00_modulation.tex b/buch/papers/fm/00_modulation.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dc99b40 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/fm/00_modulation.tex @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +% +% teil3.tex -- Beispiel-File für Teil 3 +% +% (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil +% +\subsection{Modulationsarten\label{fm:section:modulation}} + +Das sinusförmige Trägersignal hat die übliche Form: +\(x_c(t) = A_c \cdot \cos(\omega_c(t)+\varphi)\). +Wobei die konstanten Amplitude \(A_c\) und Phase \(\varphi\) vom Nachrichtensignal \(m(t)\) verändert wird. +Der Parameter \(\omega_c\), die Trägerkreisfrequenz bzw. die Trägerfrequenz \(f_c = \frac{\omega_c}{2\pi}\), +steht nicht für die modulation zur verfügung, statt dessen kann durch ihn die Frequenzachse frei gewählt werden. +\newblockpunct +Jedoch ist das für die Vielfalt der Modulationsarten keine Einschrenkung. +Ein Nachrichtensignal kann auch über die Momentanfrequenz (instantenous frequency) \(\omega_i\) eines trägers verändert werden. +Mathematisch wird dann daraus +\[ + \omega_i = \omega_c + \frac{d \varphi(t)}{dt} +\] +mit der Ableitung der Phase\cite{fm:NAT}. +Mit diesen drei parameter ergeben sich auch drei modulationsarten, die Amplitudenmodulation welche \(A_c\) benutzt, +die Phasenmodulation \(\varphi\) und dann noch die Momentankreisfrequenz \(\omega_i\): +\newline +\newline +To do: Bilder jeder Modulationsart + + + diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/01_AM-FM.tex b/buch/papers/fm/01_AM-FM.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 55697df..0000000 --- a/buch/papers/fm/01_AM-FM.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -% -% einleitung.tex -- Beispiel-File für die Einleitung -% -% (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil -% -\section{Teil 0\label{fm:section:teil0}} -\rhead{Teil 0} -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam -nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam -erat, sed diam voluptua \cite{fm:bibtex}. -At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. -Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum -dolor sit amet. - -Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam -nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam -erat, sed diam voluptua. -At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita -kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit -amet. - - diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/01_AM.tex b/buch/papers/fm/01_AM.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..921fcf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/fm/01_AM.tex @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +% +% einleitung.tex -- Beispiel-File für die Einleitung +% +% (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil +% +\section{Amplitudenmodulation\label{fm:section:teil0}} +\rhead{AM} + +Das Ziel ist FM zu verstehen doch dazu wird zuerst AM erklärt welches einwenig einfacher zu verstehen ist und erst dann übertragen wir die Ideen in FM. +Nun zur Amplitudenmodulation verwenden wir das bevorzugte Trägersignal +\[ + x_c(t) = A_c \cdot \cos(\omega_ct). +\] +Dies bringt den grossen Vorteil das, dass modulierend Signal sämtliche Anteile im Frequenzspektrum inanspruch nimmt +und das Trägersignal nur zwei komplexe Schwingungen besitzt. +Dies sieht man besonders in der Eulerischen Formel +\[ + x_c(t) = \frac{A_c}{2} \cdot e^{j\omega_ct}\;+\;\frac{A_c}{2} \cdot e^{-j\omega_ct}. +\] +Dabei ist die negative Frequenz der zweiten komplexen Schwingung zwingend erforderlich, damit in der Summe immer ein reelwertiges Trägersignal ergibt. +Nun wird der parameter \(A_c\) durch das Moduierende Signal \(m(t)\) ersetzt, wobei so \(m(t) \leqslant |1|\) normiert wurde. +\newline +\newline +TODO: +Hier beschrieib ich was AmplitudenModulation ist und mache dan den link zu Frequenzmodulation inkl Formel \[\cos( \cos x)\] +so wird beschrieben das daraus eigentlich \(x_c(t) = A_c \cdot \cos(\omega_i)\) wird und somit \(x_c(t) = A_c \cdot \cos(\omega_c + \frac{d \varphi(t)}{dt})\). +Da \(\sin \) abgeleitet \(\cos \) ergibt, so wird aus dem \(m(t)\) ein \( \frac{d \varphi(t)}{dt}\) in der momentan frequenz. \[ \Rightarrow \cos( \cos x) \] + +\subsection{Frequenzspektrum}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/02_FM.tex b/buch/papers/fm/02_FM.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fedfaaa --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/fm/02_FM.tex @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +% +% teil1.tex -- Beispiel-File für das Paper +% +% (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil +% +\section{FM +\label{fm:section:teil1}} +\rhead{FM} +\subsection{Frequenzspektrum} +TODO +Hier Beschreiben ich FM und FM im Frequenzspektrum. +%Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem +%accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa +%quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae +%dicta sunt explicabo. +%Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit +%aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione +%voluptatem sequi nesciunt +%\begin{equation} +%\int_a^b x^2\, dx +%= +%\left[ \frac13 x^3 \right]_a^b +%= +%\frac{b^3-a^3}3. +%\label{fm:equation1} +%\end{equation} +%Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, +%consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora +%incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. +% +%Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis +%suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? +%Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit +%esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum +%fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? +% +%\subsection{De finibus bonorum et malorum +%\label{fm:subsection:finibus}} +%At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui +%blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos +%dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non +%provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia +%animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga \eqref{000tempmlate:equation1}. +% +%Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio +%\ref{fm:section:loesung}. +%Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil +%impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis +%voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus +%\ref{fm:section:folgerung}. +%Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum +%necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et +%molestiae non recusandae. +%Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis +%voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus +%asperiores repellat. diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/02_frequenzyspectrum.tex b/buch/papers/fm/02_frequenzyspectrum.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 6f9edf1..0000000 --- a/buch/papers/fm/02_frequenzyspectrum.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -% -% teil1.tex -- Beispiel-File für das Paper -% -% (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil -% -\section{Teil 1 -\label{fm:section:teil1}} -\rhead{Problemstellung} -Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem -accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa -quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae -dicta sunt explicabo. -Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit -aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione -voluptatem sequi nesciunt -\begin{equation} -\int_a^b x^2\, dx -= -\left[ \frac13 x^3 \right]_a^b -= -\frac{b^3-a^3}3. -\label{fm:equation1} -\end{equation} -Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, -consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora -incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. - -Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis -suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? -Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit -esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum -fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? - -\subsection{De finibus bonorum et malorum -\label{fm:subsection:finibus}} -At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui -blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos -dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non -provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia -animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga \eqref{000tempmlate:equation1}. - -Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio -\ref{fm:section:loesung}. -Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil -impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis -voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus -\ref{fm:section:folgerung}. -Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum -necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et -molestiae non recusandae. -Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis -voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus -asperiores repellat. - - diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/03_bessel.tex b/buch/papers/fm/03_bessel.tex index 6ab6fa0..760cdc4 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/03_bessel.tex +++ b/buch/papers/fm/03_bessel.tex @@ -3,38 +3,162 @@ % % (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil % -\section{Teil 2 -\label{fm:section:teil2}} -\rhead{Teil 2} -Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem -accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa -quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae -dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit -aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores -eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam -est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci -velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore -et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima -veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, -nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure -reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae -consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla -pariatur? - -\subsection{De finibus bonorum et malorum -\label{fm:subsection:bonorum}} -At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui -blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos -dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non -provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia -animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis -est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis -est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime -placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor -repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut -rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae -sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a -sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias -consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat. +\section{FM und Besselfunktion +\label{fm:section:proof}} +\rhead{Herleitung} +Die momentane Trägerkreisfrequenz \(\omega_i\) wie schon in (ref) beschrieben ist, bringt die Vorigen Kapittel beschreiben. (Ableitung \(\frac{d \varphi(t)}{dt}\) mit sich). +Diese wiederum kann durch \(\beta\sin(\omega_mt)\) ausgedrückt werden, wobei es das Modulierende Signal \(m(t)\) ist. +Somit haben wir unser \(x_c\) welches +\[ +\cos(\omega_c t+\beta\sin(\omega_mt)) +\] +ist. + +\subsection{Herleitung} +Das Ziel ist es unser moduliertes Signal mit der Besselfunktion so auszudrücken: +\begin{align} + x_c(t) + = + \cos(\omega_ct+\beta\sin(\omega_mt)) + &= + \sum_{k= -\infty}^\infty J_{k}(\beta) \cos((\omega_c+k\omega_m)t) + \label{fm:eq:proof} +\end{align} +\subsubsection{Hilfsmittel} +Doch dazu brauchen wir die Hilfe der Additionsthoerme +\begin{align} + \cos(A + B) + &= + \cos(A)\cos(B)-\sin(A)\sin(B) + \label{fm:eq:addth1} + \\ + 2\cos (A)\cos (B) + &= + \cos(A-B)+\cos(A+B) + \label{fm:eq:addth2} + \\ + 2\sin(A)\sin(B) + &= + \cos(A-B)-\cos(A+B) + \label{fm:eq:addth3} +\end{align} +und die drei Besselfunktions indentitäten, +\begin{align} + \cos(\beta\sin\phi) + &= + J_0(\beta) + 2\sum_{k=1}^\infty J_{2k}(\beta) \cos(2k\phi) + \label{fm:eq:besselid1} + \\ + \sin(\beta\sin\phi) + &= + J_0(\beta) + 2\sum_{k=1}^\infty J_{2k+1}(\beta) \cos((2k+1)\phi) + \label{fm:eq:besselid2} + \\ + J_{-n}(\beta) &= (-1)^n J_n(\beta) + \label{fm:eq:besselid3} +\end{align} +welche man im Kapitel (ref), ref, ref findet. + +\subsubsection{Anwenden des Additionstheorem} +Mit dem \eqref{fm:eq:addth1} wird aus dem modulierten Signal +\[ + x_c(t) + = + \cos(\omega_c t + \beta\sin(\omega_mt)) + = + \cos(\omega_c t)\cos(\beta\sin(\omega_m t))-\sin(\omega_c)\sin(\beta\sin(\omega_m t)). + \label{fm:eq:start} +\] +\subsubsection{Cos-Teil} +Zu beginn wird der Cos-Teil +\[ + \cos(\omega_c)\cos(\beta\sin(\omega_mt)) +\] +mit hilfe der Besselindentität \eqref{fm:eq:besselid1} zum +\begin{align*} + \cos(\omega_c t) \cdot \bigg[\, J_0(\beta) + 2\sum_{k=1}^\infty J_{2k}(\beta) \cos( 2k \omega_m t)\, \bigg] + &=\\ + J_0(\beta)\cos(\omega_c t) + \sum_{k=1}^\infty J_{2k}(\beta) + \underbrace{2\cos(\omega_c t)\cos(2k\omega_m t)}_{\text{Additionstheorem}} +\end{align*} +wobei mit dem Additionstheorem \eqref{fm:eq:addth2} \(A = \omega_c t\) und \(B = 2k\omega_m t \) zum +\[ + J_0(\beta)\cdot \cos(\omega_c t) + \sum_{k=1}^\infty J_{2k}(\beta) \{ \cos((\omega_c - 2k \omega_m) t)+\cos((\omega_c + 2k \omega_m) t) \} +\] +wird. +Wenn dabei \(2k\) durch alle geraden Zahlen von \(-\infty \to \infty\) mit \(n\) substituiert erhält man den vereinfachten Term +\[ + \sum_{n\, \text{gerade}} J_{n}(\beta) \cos((\omega_c + n\omega_m) t), + \label{fm:eq:gerade} +\] +dabei gehen nun die Terme von \(-\infty \to \infty\), dabei bleibt n Ganzzahlig. + +\subsubsection{Sin-Teil} +Nun zum zweiten Teil des Term \eqref{fm:eq:start}, den Sin-Teil +\[ + \sin(\omega_c)\sin(\beta\sin(\omega_m t)). +\] +Dieser wird mit der \eqref{fm:eq:besselid2} Besselindentität zu +\begin{align*} + \sin(\omega_c t) \cdot \bigg[ J_0(\beta) + 2 \sum_{k=1}^\infty J_{ 2k + 1}(\beta) \cos(( 2k + 1) \omega_m t) \bigg] + &=\\ + J_0(\beta) \cdot \sin(\omega_c t) + \sum_{k=1}^\infty J_{2k+1}(\beta) \underbrace{2\sin(\omega_c t)\cos((2k+1)\omega_m t)}_{\text{Additionstheorem}}. +\end{align*} +Auch hier wird ein Additionstheorem \eqref{fm:eq:addth3} gebraucht, dabei ist \(A = \omega_c t\) und \(B = (2k+1)\omega_m t \), +somit wird daraus +\[ + J_0(\beta) \cdot \sin(\omega_c) + \sum_{k=1}^\infty J_{2k+1}(\beta) \{ \underbrace{\cos((\omega_c-(2k+1)\omega_m) t)}_{\text{neg.Teil}} - \cos((\omega_c+(2k+1)\omega_m) t) \} +\]dieser Term. +Wenn dabei \(2k +1\) durch alle ungeraden Zahlen von \(-\infty \to \infty\) mit \(n\) substituiert. +Zusätzlich dabei noch die letzte Besselindentität \eqref{fm:eq:besselid3} brauchen, ist bei allen ungeraden negativen \(n : J_{-n}(\beta) = -1\cdot J_n(\beta)\). +Somit wird neg.Teil zum Term \(-\cos((\omega_c+(2k+1)\omega_m) t)\) und die Summe vereinfacht sich zu +\[ + \sum_{n\, \text{ungerade}} -1 \cdot J_{n}(\beta) \cos((\omega_c + n\omega_m) t). + \label{fm:eq:ungerade} +\] +Substituiert man nun noch \(n \text{mit} -n \) so fällt das \(-1\) weg. + +\subsubsection{Summe Zusammenführen} +Beide Teile \eqref{fm:eq:gerade} Gerade +\[ + \sum_{n\, \text{gerade}} J_{n}(\beta) \cos((\omega_c + n\omega_m) t) +\]und \eqref{fm:eq:ungerade} Ungerade +\[ + \sum_{n\, \text{ungerade}} J_{n}(\beta) \cos((\omega_c + n\omega_m) t) +\] +ergeben zusammen +\[ + \cos(\omega_ct+\beta\sin(\omega_mt)) + = + \sum_{k= -\infty}^\infty J_{k}(\beta) \cos((\omega_c+k\omega_m)t). +\] +Somit ist \eqref{fm:eq:proof} bewiesen. +\newpage + +%---------------------------------------------------------------------------- +\subsection{Bessel und Frequenzspektrum} +Um sich das ganze noch einwenig Bildlicher vorzustellenhier einmal die Besselfunktion \(J_{k}(\beta)\) in geplottet. +\begin{figure} + \centering +% \input{./PyPython animation/bessel.pgf} + \caption{Bessle Funktion \(J_{k}(\beta)\)} + \label{fig:bessel} +\end{figure} +TODO Grafik einfügen, +\newline +Nun einmal das Modulierte FM signal im Frequenzspektrum mit den einzelen Summen dargestellt + +TODO +Hier wird beschrieben wie die Bessel Funktion der FM im Frequenzspektrum hilft, wieso diese gebrauch wird und ihre Vorteile. +\begin{itemize} + \item Zuerest einmal die Herleitung von FM zu der Besselfunktion + \item Im Frequenzspektrum darstellen mit Farben, ersichtlich machen. + \item Parameter tuing der Trägerfrequenz, Modulierende frequenz und Beta. +\end{itemize} + + +%\subsection{De finibus bonorum et malorum +%\label{fm:subsection:bonorum}} + diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/04_fazit.tex b/buch/papers/fm/04_fazit.tex index 3bcfc4d..8d5eca4 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/04_fazit.tex +++ b/buch/papers/fm/04_fazit.tex @@ -3,38 +3,10 @@ % % (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil % -\section{Teil 3 -\label{fm:section:teil3}} -\rhead{Teil 3} -Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem -accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa -quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae -dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit -aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores -eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam -est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci -velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore -et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima -veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, -nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure -reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae -consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla -pariatur? +\section{Fazit +\label{fm:section:fazit}} +\rhead{Zusamenfassend} -\subsection{De finibus bonorum et malorum -\label{fm:subsection:malorum}} -At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui -blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos -dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non -provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia -animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis -est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis -est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime -placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor -repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut -rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae -sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a -sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias -consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat. +TODO Anwendungen erklären und Sinn des Ganzen. diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/FM_presentation.pdf b/buch/papers/fm/FM presentation/FM_presentation.pdf Binary files differindex 496e35e..496e35e 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/FM_presentation.pdf +++ b/buch/papers/fm/FM presentation/FM_presentation.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/FM_presentation.tex b/buch/papers/fm/FM presentation/FM_presentation.tex index 92cb501..2801e69 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/FM_presentation.tex +++ b/buch/papers/fm/FM presentation/FM_presentation.tex @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -%% !TeX root = RS.tex +%% !TeX root = .tex \documentclass[11pt,aspectratio=169]{beamer} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ \logo{} \institute{OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule} \date{16.5.2022} - \subject{Mathematisches Seminar} + \subject{Mathematisches Seminar - Spezielle Funktionen} %\setbeamercovered{transparent} \setbeamercovered{invisible} \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{} diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/FM presentation/README.txt b/buch/papers/fm/FM presentation/README.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..65f390d --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/fm/FM presentation/README.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Dies ist die Presentation des FM - Bessel
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presentation/images/fm_frequenz.png Binary files differindex 26bfd86..26bfd86 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/images/fm_frequenz.png +++ b/buch/papers/fm/FM presentation/images/fm_frequenz.png diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/images/fm_in_time.png b/buch/papers/fm/FM presentation/images/fm_in_time.png Binary files differindex 068eafc..068eafc 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/images/fm_in_time.png +++ b/buch/papers/fm/FM presentation/images/fm_in_time.png diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/Makefile b/buch/papers/fm/Makefile index f43d497..f30c4a9 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/Makefile +++ b/buch/papers/fm/Makefile @@ -4,6 +4,37 @@ # (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Mueller # -images: - @echo "no images to be created in fm" +SOURCES := \ + 00_modulation.tex \ + 01_AM.tex \ + 02_FM.tex \ + 03_bessel.tex \ + 04_fazit.tex \ + main.tex +#TIKZFIGURES := \ + tikz/atoms-grid-still.tex \ + +#FIGURES := $(patsubst tikz/%.tex, figures/%.pdf, $(TIKZFIGURES)) + +all: images standalone + +.PHONY: images +images: $(FIGURES) + +#figures/%.pdf: tikz/%.tex +# mkdir -p figures +# pdflatex --output-directory=figures $< + +.PHONY: standalone +standalone: standalone.tex $(SOURCES) $(FIGURES) + mkdir -p standalone + cd ../..; \ + pdflatex \ + --halt-on-error \ + --shell-escape \ + --output-directory=papers/fm/standalone \ + papers/fm/standalone.tex; + cd standalone; \ + bibtex standalone; \ + makeindex standalone;
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/Makefile.inc b/buch/papers/fm/Makefile.inc index e5cd9f6..40f23b1 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/Makefile.inc +++ b/buch/papers/fm/Makefile.inc @@ -6,8 +6,9 @@ dependencies-fm = \ papers/fm/packages.tex \ papers/fm/main.tex \ - papers/fm/01_AM-FM.tex \ - papers/fm/02_frequenzyspectrum.tex \ + papers/fm/00_modulation.tex \ + papers/fm/01_AM.tex \ + papers/fm/02_FM.tex \ papers/fm/03_bessel.tex \ papers/fm/04_fazit.tex \ papers/fm/references.bib diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/Python animation/Bessel-FM.ipynb b/buch/papers/fm/Python animation/Bessel-FM.ipynb index bfbb83d..6f099a7 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/Python animation/Bessel-FM.ipynb +++ b/buch/papers/fm/Python animation/Bessel-FM.ipynb @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 117, + "execution_count": 1, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [], "source": [ @@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ "from scipy.fft import fft, ifft, fftfreq\n", "import scipy.special as sc\n", "import scipy.fftpack\n", + "import matplotlib as mpl\n", + "# Use the pgf backend (must be set before pyplot imported)\n", + "#mpl.use('pgf')\n", "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", "from matplotlib.widgets import Slider\n", "def fm(beta):\n", @@ -94,12 +97,12 @@ }, { "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": 122, + "execution_count": 29, "metadata": {}, "outputs": [ { "data": { - "image/png": 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", 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", "text/plain": [ "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>" ] @@ -119,18 +122,19 @@ ], "source": [ "\n", - "for n in range (-4,4):\n", - " x = np.linspace(0,11,1000)\n", + "for n in range (-2,4):\n", + " x = np.linspace(-11,11,1000)\n", " y = sc.jv(n,x)\n", - " plt.plot(x, y, '-')\n", - "plt.plot([1,1],[sc.jv(0,1),sc.jv(-1,1)],)\n", - "plt.xlim(0,10)\n", + " plt.plot(x, y, '-',label='n='+str(n))\n", + "#plt.plot([1,1],[sc.jv(0,1),sc.jv(-1,1)],)\n", + "plt.xlim(-10,10)\n", "plt.grid(True)\n", - "plt.ylabel('Bessel J_n(b)')\n", - "plt.xlabel('b')\n", + "plt.ylabel('Bessel $J_n(\\\\beta)$')\n", + "plt.xlabel(' $ \\\\beta $ ')\n", "plt.plot(x, y)\n", + "plt.legend()\n", "plt.show()\n", - "\n", + "#plt.savefig('bessel.pgf', format='pgf')\n", "print(sc.jv(0,1))" ] }, diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/A2-14.pdf b/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/A2-14.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7348cca --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/A2-14.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/FM_presentation.pdf b/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/FM_presentation.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..496e35e --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/FM_presentation.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/Frequency modulation (FM) and Bessel functions.pdf b/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/Frequency modulation (FM) and Bessel functions.pdf Binary files differindex a6e701c..a6e701c 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/Frequency modulation (FM) and Bessel functions.pdf +++ b/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/Frequency modulation (FM) and Bessel functions.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/Seydel2022_Book_HöhereMathematikImAlltag.pdf b/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/Seydel2022_Book_HöhereMathematikImAlltag.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a0bddd --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/fm/Quellen/Seydel2022_Book_HöhereMathematikImAlltag.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/README.txt b/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/README.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 4d0620f..0000000 --- a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/README.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1 +0,0 @@ -Dies ist die Presentation des Reed-Solomon-Code
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/RS.tex b/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/RS.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 8a67619..0000000 --- a/buch/papers/fm/RS presentation/RS.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,123 +0,0 @@ -%% !TeX root = RS.tex - -\documentclass[11pt,aspectratio=169]{beamer} -\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} -\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} -\usepackage{lmodern} -\usepackage[ngerman]{babel} -\usepackage{tikz} -\usetheme{Hannover} - -\begin{document} - \author{Joshua Bär} - \title{FM - Bessel} - \subtitle{} - \logo{} - \institute{OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule} - \date{16.5.2022} - \subject{Mathematisches Seminar- Spezielle Funktionen} - %\setbeamercovered{transparent} - \setbeamercovered{invisible} - \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{} - \begin{frame}[plain] - \maketitle - \end{frame} -%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -\section{Einführung} - \begin{frame} - \frametitle{Frequenzmodulation} - - \visible<1->{\begin{equation} \cos(\omega_c t+\beta\sin(\omega_mt))\end{equation}} - - \only<2>{\includegraphics[scale= 0.7]{images/fm_in_time.png}} - \only<3>{\includegraphics[scale= 0.7]{images/fm_frequenz.png}} - \only<4>{\includegraphics[scale= 0.7]{images/bessel_frequenz.png}} - - - \end{frame} -%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -\section{Proof} -\begin{frame} - \frametitle{Bessel} - - \visible<1->{\begin{align} - \cos(\beta\sin\varphi) - &= - J_0(\beat) + 2\sum_{m=1}^\infty J_{2m}(\beta) \cos(2m\varphi) - \\ - \sin(\beta\sin\varphi) - &= - J_0(\beat) + 2\sum_{m=1}^\infty J_{2m}(\beta) \cos(2m\varphi) - \\ - J_{-n}(\beat) &= (-1)^n J_n(\beta) - \end{align}} - \visible<2->{\begin{align} - \cos(A + B) - &= - \cos(A)\cos(B)-\sin(A)\sin(B) - \\ - 2\cos (A)\cos (B) - &= - \cos(A-B)+\cos(A+B) - \\ - 2\sin(A)\sin(B) - &= - \cos(A-B)-\cos(A+B) - \end{align}} -\end{frame} - -%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -\begin{frame} - \frametitle{Prof->Done} - \begin{align} - \cos(\omega_ct+\beta\sin(\omega_mt)) - &= - \sum_{k= -\infty}^\infty J_{k}(\beta) \cos((\omega_c+k\omgea_m)t) - \end{align} - \end{frame} -%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - \begin{frame} - \begin{figure} - \only<1>{\includegraphics[scale = 0.75]{images/fm_frequenz.png}} - \only<2>{\includegraphics[scale = 0.75]{images/bessel_frequenz.png}} - \end{figure} - \end{frame} -%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -\section{Input Parameter} - \begin{frame} - \frametitle{Träger-Frequenz Parameter} - \onslide<1->{\begin{equation}\cos(\omega_ct+\beta\sin(\omega_mt))\end{equation}} - \only<1>{\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/100HZ.png}} - \only<2>{\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/200HZ.png}} - \only<3>{\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/300HZ.png}} - \only<4>{\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/400HZ.png}} - \end{frame} -%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -\begin{frame} -\frametitle{Modulations-Frequenz Parameter} -\onslide<1->{\begin{equation}\cos(\omega_ct+\beta\sin(\omega_mt))\end{equation}} -\only<1>{\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/fm_3Hz.png}} -\only<2>{\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/fm_5Hz.png}} -\only<3>{\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/fm_7Hz.png}} -\only<4>{\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/fm_10Hz.png}} -\only<5>{\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/fm_20Hz.png}} -\only<6>{\includegraphics[scale=0.75]{images/fm_30Hz.png}} -\end{frame} -%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -\begin{frame} -\frametitle{Beta Parameter} - \onslide<1->{\begin{equation}\sum_{k= -\infty}^\infty J_{k}(\beta) \cos((\omega_c+k\omgea_m)t)\end{equation}} - \only<1>{\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{images/beta_0.001.png}} - \only<2>{\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{images/beta_0.1.png}} - \only<3>{\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{images/beta_0.5.png}} - \only<4>{\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{images/beta_1.png}} - \only<5>{\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{images/beta_2.png}} - \only<6>{\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{images/beta_3.png}} - \only<7>{\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{images/bessel.png}} -\end{frame} -%------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -\begin{frame} - \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{images/beta_1.png} - \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{images/bessel.png} -\end{frame} -\end{document} diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/main.tex b/buch/papers/fm/main.tex index 1f8ebde..731f56f 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/main.tex +++ b/buch/papers/fm/main.tex @@ -1,43 +1,42 @@ +% !TeX root = ../../buch.tex % % main.tex -- Paper zum Thema <fm> % % (c) 2020 Hochschule Rapperswil % -% !TeX root = buch.tex -%\begin {document} -\chapter{Thema\label{chapter:fm}} -\lhead{Thema} + +\chapter{FM Bessel\label{chapter:fm}} +\lhead{FM} \begin{refsection} \chapterauthor{Joshua Bär} -Dieser Abschnitt beschreibt die Beziehung von der Besselfunktion(Ref) zur Frequenz Modulatrion (FM)(acronym?). - -%Ein paar Hinweise für die korrekte Formatierung des Textes -%\begin{itemize} -%\item -%Absätze werden gebildet, indem man eine Leerzeile einfügt. -%Die Verwendung von \verb+\\+ ist nur in Tabellen und Arrays gestattet. -%\item -%Die explizite Platzierung von Bildern ist nicht erlaubt, entsprechende -%Optionen werden gelöscht. -%Verwenden Sie Labels und Verweise, um auf Bilder hinzuweisen. -%\item -%Beginnen Sie jeden Satz auf einer neuen Zeile. -%Damit ermöglichen Sie dem Versionsverwaltungssysteme, Änderungen -%in verschiedenen Sätzen von verschiedenen Autoren ohne Konflikt -%anzuwenden. -%\item -%Bilden Sie auch für Formeln kurze Zeilen, einerseits der besseren -%Übersicht wegen, aber auch um GIT die Arbeit zu erleichtern. -%\end{itemize} - -\input{papers/fm/01_AM-FM.tex} -\input{papers/fm/02_frequenzyspectrum.tex} +Die Frequenzmodulation ist eine Modulation die man auch schon im alten Radio findet. +Falls du dich an die Zeit erinnerst, konnte man zwischen \textit{FM-AM} Umschalten, +dies bedeutete so viel wie: \textit{F}requenz-\textit{M}odulation und \textit{A}mplituden-\textit{M}odulation. +Durch die Modulation wird ein Nachrichtensignal \(m(t)\) auf ein Trägersignal (z.B. ein Sinus- oder Rechtecksignal) abgebildet (kombiniert). +Durch dieses Auftragen vom Nachrichtensignal \(m(t)\) kann das modulierte Signal in einem gewünschten Frequenzbereich übertragen werden. +Der ursprünglich Frequenzbereich des Nachrichtensignal \(m(t)\) erstreckt sich typischerweise von 0 Hz bis zur Bandbreite \(B_m\). +\newline +Beim Empfänger wird dann durch Demodulation das ursprüngliche Nachrichtensignal \(m(t)\) so originalgetreu wie möglich zurückgewonnen. +\newline +Beim Trägersignal \(x_c(t)\) handelt es sich um ein informationsloses Hilfssignal. +Durch die Modulation mit dem Nachrichtensignal \(m(t)\) wird es zum modulierten zu übertragenden Signal. +Für alle Erklärungen wird ein sinusförmiges Trägersignal benutzt, jedoch kann auch ein Rechtecksignal, +welches Digital einfach umzusetzten ist, +genauso als Trägersignal genutzt werden kann. +Zuerst wird erklärt was \textit{FM-AM} ist, danach wie sich diese im Frequenzspektrum verhalten. +Erst dann erklär ich dir wie die Besselfunktion mit der Frequenzmodulation( acro?) zusammenhängt. +Nun zur Modulation im nächsten Abschnitt.\cite{fm:NAT} + + +\input{papers/fm/00_modulation.tex} +\input{papers/fm/01_AM.tex} +\input{papers/fm/02_FM.tex} \input{papers/fm/03_bessel.tex} \input{papers/fm/04_fazit.tex} \printbibliography[heading=subbibliography] \end{refsection} -%\end {document} + diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/packages.tex b/buch/papers/fm/packages.tex index 4cba2b6..f0ca8cc 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/packages.tex +++ b/buch/papers/fm/packages.tex @@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ % if your paper needs special packages, add package commands as in the % following example %\usepackage{packagename} - +\usepackage{xcolor} diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/references.bib b/buch/papers/fm/references.bib index 76eb265..21b910b 100644 --- a/buch/papers/fm/references.bib +++ b/buch/papers/fm/references.bib @@ -23,6 +23,17 @@ volume = {2} } +@book{fm:NAT, + title = {Nachrichtentechnik 1 + 2}, + author = {Thomas Kneubühler}, + publisher = {None}, + year = {2021}, + isbn = {}, + inseries = {Script for students}, + volume = {} +} + + @article{fm:mendezmueller, author = { Tabea Méndez and Andreas Müller }, title = { Noncommutative harmonic analysis and image registration }, diff --git a/buch/papers/fm/standalone.tex b/buch/papers/fm/standalone.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c161ed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/fm/standalone.tex @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +\documentclass{book} + +\def\IncludeBookCover{0} +\input{common/packages.tex} + +% additional packages used by the individual papers, add a line for +% each paper +\input{papers/common/addpackages.tex} + +% workaround for biblatex bug +\makeatletter +\def\blx@maxline{77} +\makeatother +\addbibresource{chapters/references.bib} + +% Bibresources for each article +\input{papers/common/addbibresources.tex} + +% make sure the last index starts on an odd page +\AtEndDocument{\clearpage\ifodd\value{page}\else\null\clearpage\fi} +\makeindex + +%\pgfplotsset{compat=1.12} +\setlength{\headheight}{15pt} % fix headheight warning +\DeclareGraphicsRule{*}{mps}{*}{} + +\begin{document} + \input{common/macros.tex} + \def\chapterauthor#1{{\large #1}\bigskip\bigskip} + \input{papers/fm/main.tex} +\end{document} diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/Makefile b/buch/papers/laguerre/Makefile index 0f0985a..85a1b83 100644 --- a/buch/papers/laguerre/Makefile +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/Makefile @@ -3,9 +3,42 @@ # # (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Mueller # +IMGFOLDER := images +PRESFOLDER := presentation -images: images/laguerre_polynomes.pdf +FIGURES := \ + images/targets.pdf \ + images/rel_error_complex.pdf \ + images/estimates.pdf \ + images/integrand.pdf \ + images/integrand_exp.pdf \ + images/laguerre_poly.pdf \ + images/rel_error_mirror.pdf \ + images/rel_error_range.pdf \ + images/rel_error_shifted.pdf \ + images/rel_error_simple.pdf \ + images/gammaplot.pdf -images/laguerre_polynomes.pdf: scripts/laguerre_plot.py - python3 scripts/laguerre_plot.py +.PHONY: all +all: images presentation +.PHONY: images +images: $(FIGURES) + +.PHONY: presentation +presentation: $(PRESFOLDER)/presentation.pdf + +images/%.pdf images/%.pgf: scripts/%.py scripts/gamma_approx.py + python3 $< + +images/gammaplot.pdf: images/gammaplot.tex images/gammapaths.tex + cd $(IMGFOLDER) && latexmk -quiet -pdf gammaplot.tex + +$(PRESFOLDER)/%.pdf: $(PRESFOLDER)/%.tex $(FIGURES) + cd $(PRESFOLDER) && latexmk -quiet -pdf $(<F) + +.PHONY: clean +clean: + rm $(FIGURES) + cd $(IMGFOLDER) && latexmk -C + cd $(PRESFOLDER) && latexmk -C
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/Makefile.inc b/buch/papers/laguerre/Makefile.inc index 12b0935..39b5d6f 100644 --- a/buch/papers/laguerre/Makefile.inc +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/Makefile.inc @@ -10,6 +10,4 @@ dependencies-laguerre = \ papers/laguerre/definition.tex \ papers/laguerre/eigenschaften.tex \ papers/laguerre/quadratur.tex \ - papers/laguerre/gamma.tex - - + papers/laguerre/gamma.tex diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/definition.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/definition.tex index d111f6f..61549e0 100644 --- a/buch/papers/laguerre/definition.tex +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/definition.tex @@ -3,35 +3,58 @@ % % (c) 2022 Patrik Müller, Ostschweizer Fachhochschule % -\section{Definition +\section{Herleitung% + % \section{Einleitung + % \section{Definition \label{laguerre:section:definition}} -\rhead{Definition} -Die verallgemeinerte Laguerre-Differentialgleichung ist gegeben durch +\rhead{Definition}% +In einem ersten Schritt möchten wir die Laguerre-Polynome +aus der Laguerre-\-Differentialgleichung herleiten. +Zudem werden wir die Lösung auf die assoziierten Laguerre-Polynome ausweiten. +Im Anschluss soll dann noch die Orthogonalität dieser Polynome bewiesen werden. + +\subsection{Assoziierte Laguerre-Differentialgleichung} +Die assoziierte Laguerre-Differentialgleichung ist gegeben durch \begin{align} x y''(x) + (\nu + 1 - x) y'(x) + n y(x) = 0 , \quad -n \in \mathbb{N}_0 +n \in \mathbb{N} , \quad x \in \mathbb{R} -. \label{laguerre:dgl} +. \end{align} +Spannenderweise wurde die assoziierte Laguerre-Differentialgleichung +zuerst von Yacovlevich Sonine (1849 - 1915) beschrieben, +aber aufgrund ihrer Ähnlichkeit nach Laguerre benannt. Die klassische Laguerre-Diffentialgleichung erhält man, wenn $\nu = 0$. -Hier wird die verallgemeinerte Laguerre-Differentialgleichung verwendet, -weil die Lösung mit der selben Methode berechnet werden kann, -aber man zusätzlich die Lösung für den allgmeinen Fall erhält. -Zur Lösung der Gleichung \eqref{laguerre:dgl} verwenden wir einen -Potenzreihenansatz. -Da wir bereits wissen, dass die Lösung orthogonale Polynome sind, -erscheint dieser Ansatz sinnvoll. -Setzt man nun den Ansatz + +\subsection{Potenzreihenansatz% +\label{laguerre:subsection:potenzreihenansatz}} +Hier wird die assoziierte Laguerre-Differentialgleichung verwendet, +weil die Lösung mit derselben Methode berechnet werden kann. +Zusätzlich erhält man aber die Lösung für den allgmeinen Fall. +Wir stellen die Vermutung auf, +dass die Lösungen orthogonale Polynome sind. +Die Orthogonalität der Lösung werden wir im +Abschnitt~\ref{laguerre:subsection:orthogonal} beweisen. +Zur Lösung von \eqref{laguerre:dgl} verwenden wir aufgrund +der getroffenen Vermutungen einen Potenzreihenansatz. +Der Potenzreihenansatz ist gegeben als +% Da wir bereits wissen, +% dass die Lösung orthogonale Polynome sind, +% erscheint dieser Ansatz sinnvoll. \begin{align*} y(x) & = \sum_{k=0}^\infty a_k x^k -\\ +% \\ +. +\end{align*} +Für die 1. und 2. Ableitungen erhalten wir +\begin{align*} y'(x) & = \sum_{k=1}^\infty k a_k x^{k-1} @@ -43,8 +66,16 @@ y''(x) \sum_{k=2}^\infty k (k-1) a_k x^{k-2} = \sum_{k=1}^\infty (k+1) k a_{k+1} x^{k-1} +. \end{align*} -in die Differentialgleichung ein, erhält man: + +\subsection{Lösen der Laguerre-Differentialgleichung} +Setzt man nun den Potenzreihenansatz in +\eqref{laguerre:dgl} +%die Differentialgleichung +ein, +% erhält man +resultiert \begin{align*} \sum_{k=1}^\infty (k+1) k a_{k+1} x^k + @@ -61,18 +92,21 @@ n \sum_{k=0}^\infty a_k x^k 0. \end{align*} Daraus lässt sich die Rekursionsbeziehung -\begin{align*} +\begin{align} a_{k+1} & = \frac{k-n}{(k+1) (k + \nu + 1)} a_k -\end{align*} +\label{laguerre:rekursion} +\end{align} ableiten. Für ein konstantes $n$ erhalten wir als Potenzreihenlösung ein Polynom vom Grad $n$, denn für $k=n$ wird $a_{n+1} = 0$ und damit auch $a_{n+2}=a_{n+3}=\ldots=0$. -Aus der Rekursionsbeziehung ist zudem ersichtlich, +Aus %der Rekursionsbeziehung +\eqref{laguerre:rekursion} ist zudem ersichtlich, dass $a_0 \neq 0$ beliebig gewählt werden kann. -Wählen wir nun $a_0 = 1$, dann folgt für die Koeffizienten $a_1, a_2, a_3$ +Wählen wir nun $a_0 = 1$, dann folgt für die Koeffizienten +% $a_1, a_2, a_3$ \begin{align*} a_1 = @@ -102,8 +136,10 @@ k & >n: & a_k & = -0. +0 +. \end{align*} +Die Koeffizienten wechseln also für $k \leq n$ das Vorzeichen. Somit erhalten wir für $\nu = 0$ die Laguerre-Polynome \begin{align} L_n(x) @@ -111,29 +147,45 @@ L_n(x) \sum_{k=0}^{n} \frac{(-1)^k}{k!} \binom{n}{k} x^k \label{laguerre:polynom} \end{align} -und mit $\nu \in \mathbb{R}$ die verallgemeinerten Laguerre-Polynome +und mit $\nu \in \mathbb{R}$ die assoziierten Laguerre-Polynome \begin{align} L_n^\nu(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \frac{(-1)^k}{(\nu + 1)_k} \binom{n}{k} x^k. \label{laguerre:allg_polynom} \end{align} +Die Laguerre-Polynome von Grad $0$ bis $7$ sind in +Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:polyeval} dargestellt. +\begin{figure} +\centering +% \scalebox{0.8}{\input{papers/laguerre/images/laguerre_poly.pgf}} +\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{papers/laguerre/images/laguerre_poly.pdf} +\caption{Laguerre-Polynome vom Grad $0$ bis $7$} +\label{laguerre:fig:polyeval} +\end{figure} \subsection{Analytische Fortsetzung} -Durch die analytische Fortsetzung erhalten wir zudem noch die zweite Lösung der -Differentialgleichung mit der Form +Durch die analytische Fortsetzung können wir zudem noch die zweite Lösung der +Differentialgleichung erhalten. +Laut \eqref{buch:funktionentheorie:singularitäten:eqn:w1} hat die Lösung +die Form \begin{align*} \Xi_n(x) = -L_n(x) \ln(x) + \sum_{k=1}^\infty d_k x^k +L_n(x) \log(x) + \sum_{k=1}^\infty d_k x^k +. \end{align*} -Nach einigen mühsamen Rechnungen, -die den Rahmen dieses Kapitel sprengen würden, +Eine Herleitung dazu lässt sich im +Abschnitt \ref{buch:funktionentheorie:subsection:dglsing} +im ersten Teil des Buches finden. +Nach einigen aufwändigen Rechnungen, +% die am besten ein Computeralgebrasystem übernimmt, +die den Rahmen dieses Kapitels sprengen würden, erhalten wir \begin{align*} \Xi_n = -L_n(x) \ln(x) +L_n(x) \log(x) + \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{(-1)^k}{k!} \binom{n}{k} (\alpha_{n-k} - \alpha_n - 2 \alpha_k)x^k @@ -142,16 +194,5 @@ L_n(x) \ln(x) \end{align*} wobei $\alpha_0 = 0$ und $\alpha_k =\sum_{i=1}^k i^{-1}$, $\forall k \in \mathbb{N}$. -Die Laguerre-Polynome von Grad $0$ bis $7$ sind in -Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:polyeval} dargestellt. -\begin{figure} -\centering -\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{% - papers/laguerre/images/laguerre_polynomes.pdf% -} -\caption{Laguerre-Polynome vom Grad $0$ bis $7$} -\label{laguerre:fig:polyeval} -\end{figure} - % https://www.math.kit.edu/iana1/lehre/hm3phys2012w/media/laguerre.pdf % http://www.physics.okayama-u.ac.jp/jeschke_homepage/E4/kapitel4.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/eigenschaften.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/eigenschaften.tex index b0cc3a3..b007c2d 100644 --- a/buch/papers/laguerre/eigenschaften.tex +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/eigenschaften.tex @@ -3,36 +3,83 @@ % % (c) 2022 Patrik Müller, Ostschweizer Fachhochschule % -\section{Eigenschaften - \label{laguerre:section:eigenschaften}} -{ -\large \color{red} -TODO: -Evtl. nur Orthogonalität hier behandeln, da nur diese für die Gauss-Quadratur -benötigt wird. -} - -Die Laguerre-Polynome besitzen einige interessante Eigenschaften -\rhead{Eigenschaften} - -\subsection{Orthogonalität - \label{laguerre:subsection:orthogonal}} -Im Abschnitt~\ref{laguerre:section:definition} haben wir behauptet, -dass die Laguerre-Polynome orthogonale Polynome sind. +\subsection{Orthogonalität% +\label{laguerre:subsection:orthogonal}} +\rhead{Orthogonalität}% +Im Abschnitt~\ref{laguerre:subsection:potenzreihenansatz} +haben wir die Behauptung aufgestellt, +dass die Laguerre-Polynome orthogonal sind. Zu dieser Behauptung möchten wir nun einen Beweis liefern. -Wenn wir die Laguerre\--Differentialgleichung in ein -Sturm\--Liouville\--Problem umwandeln können, haben wir bewiesen, dass es sich -bei -den Laguerre\--Polynomen um orthogonale Polynome handelt (siehe -Abschnitt~\ref{buch:integrale:subsection:sturm-liouville-problem}). -Der Sturm-Liouville-Operator hat die Form +% +Um die Orthogonalität von Funktionen zu zeigen, +bieten sich folgende Möglichkeiten an: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Identifizieren der Funktion als Eigenfunktion eines Skalarproduktes +mit einem selbstadjungierten Operator. +Dafür muss aber zuerst bewiesen werden, +dass der verwendete Operator selbstadjungiert ist. +Die Theorie dazu findet sich in den +Abschnitten~\ref{buch:orthogonal:section:orthogonale-polynome-und-dgl} und +\ref{buch:orthogonalitaet:section:bessel}. +\item Umformen der Differentialgleichung in die Form der +Sturm-Liouville-Differentialgleichung, +denn für dieses verallgemeinerte Problem +ist die Orthogonalität bereits bewiesen. +Die Theorie dazu findet sich im Abschnitt~\ref{buch:integrale:subsection:sturm-liouville-problem}. +\end{enumerate} + +% \subsubsection{Plan} +\subsubsection{Idee} +Für den Beweis der Orthogonalität der Laguerre-Polynome möchten +wir den zweiten Ansatz über das Sturm-Liouville-Problem verwenden. +% Dazu müssen wir die Laguerre-Differentialgleichung~\eqref{laguerre:dgl} +% in die Form der Sturm-Liouville-Differentialgleichung bringen. +Allerdings möchten wir nicht die Laguerre-Differentialgleichung +in die richtige Form bringen, +sondern den Laguerre-Operator +\begin{align} +\Lambda += +x \frac{d}{dx^2} + (\nu + 1 -x) \frac{d}{dx} +\label{laguerre:lagop} +. +\end{align} +Da es sich beim Sturm-Liouville-Problem um ein Eigenwertproblem handelt, +kann die Orthogonalität äquivalent über denn Sturm-Liouville-Operator \begin{align} S = \frac{1}{w(x)} \left(-\frac{d}{dx}p(x) \frac{d}{dx} + q(x) \right). \label{laguerre:slop} \end{align} -Aus der Beziehung +bewiesen werden. +Dazu müssen wir die Operatoren einander gleichsetzen. + +% Wenn wir \eqref{laguerre:dgl} in ein +% Sturm-Liouville-Problem umwandeln können, haben wir bewiesen, dass es sich +% bei den Laguerre-Polynomen um orthogonale Polynome handelt (siehe +% Abschnitt~\ref{buch:integrale:subsection:sturm-liouville-problem}). +% Der Beweis kann äquivalent auch über den Sturm-Liouville-Operator +% \begin{align} +% S +% = +% \frac{1}{w(x)} \left(-\frac{d}{dx}p(x) \frac{d}{dx} + q(x) \right). +% \label{laguerre:slop} +% \end{align} +% und den Laguerre-Operator +% \begin{align} +% \Lambda +% = +% x \frac{d}{dx^2} + (\nu + 1 -x) \frac{d}{dx} +% \end{align} +% erhalten werden, +% indem wir diese Operatoren einander gleichsetzen. + +\subsubsection{Umformen in Sturm-Liouville-Operator} +% Aus der Beziehung von +Setzen wir nun +\eqref{laguerre:lagop} und \eqref{laguerre:slop} +einander gleich \begin{align} S & = @@ -43,45 +90,52 @@ S & = x \frac{d^2}{dx^2} + (\nu + 1 - x) \frac{d}{dx} \label{laguerre:sl-lag} +, \end{align} lässt sich sofort erkennen, dass $q(x) = 0$. Ausserdem ist ersichtlich, dass $p(x)$ die Differentialgleichung \begin{align*} x \frac{dp}{dx} = --(\nu + 1 - x) p, +(\nu + 1 - x) p \end{align*} erfüllen muss. Durch Separation erhalten wir dann \begin{align*} \int \frac{dp}{p} & = --\int \frac{\nu + 1 - x}{x}dx +\int \frac{\nu + 1 - x}{x} \, dx += +\int \frac{\nu + 1}{x} \, dx - \int 1\, dx \\ \log p & = --\log \nu + 1 - x + C +(\nu + 1)\log x - x + c \\ p(x) & = --C x^{\nu + 1} e^{-x} +C x^{\nu + 1} e^{-x} +. \end{align*} -Eingefügt in Gleichung~\eqref{laguerre:sl-lag} erhalten wir +Eingefügt in Gleichung~\eqref{laguerre:sl-lag} ergibt sich \begin{align*} \frac{C}{w(x)} \left( -x^{\nu+1} e^{-x} \frac{d^2}{dx^2} + +-x^{\nu+1} e^{-x} \frac{d^2}{dx^2} - (\nu + 1 - x) x^{\nu} e^{-x} \frac{d}{dx} \right) = x \frac{d^2}{dx^2} + (\nu + 1 - x) \frac{d}{dx}. \end{align*} -Mittels Koeffizientenvergleich kann nun abgelesen werden, dass $w(x) = x^\nu -e^{-x}$ und $C=1$ mit $\nu > -1$. -Die Gewichtsfunktion $w(x)$ wächst für $x\rightarrow-\infty$ sehr schnell an, -deshalb ist die Laguerre-Gewichtsfunktion nur geeignet für den -Definitionsbereich $(0, \infty)$. -Bleibt nur noch sicherzustellen, dass die Randbedingungen, +Mittels Koeffizientenvergleich kann nun abgelesen werden, +dass $w(x) = x^\nu e^{-x}$ und $C=-1$. %mit $\nu \geq 0$. +Die Gewichtsfunktion $w(x)$ wächst für $x\rightarrow-\infty$ sehr schnell an. +Ausserdem hat die Gewichtsfunktion $w(x)$ für negative $\nu$ einen Pol bei $x=0$, +daher ist die Laguerre-Gewichtsfunktion nur für den +Definitionsbereich $(0, \infty)$ geeignet. + +\subsubsection{Randbedingungen} +Bleibt nur noch sicherzustellen, dass die Randbedingungen \begin{align} k_0 y(0) + h_0 p(0)y'(0) & = @@ -94,10 +148,12 @@ k_\infty y(\infty) + h_\infty p(\infty) y'(\infty) \label{laguerre:sllag_randb} \end{align} mit $|k_i|^2 + |h_i|^2 \neq 0,\,\forall i \in \{0, \infty\}$, erfüllt sind. -Am linken Rand (Gleichung~\eqref{laguerre:sllag_randa}) kann $y(0) = 1$, $k_0 = -0$ und $h_0 = 1$ verwendet werden, +% +Am linken Rand \eqref{laguerre:sllag_randa} kann $y(0) = 1$, $k_0 = 0$ und +$h_0 = 1$ verwendet werden, was auch die Laguerre-Polynome ergeben haben. -Für den rechten Rand ist die Bedingung (Gleichung~\eqref{laguerre:sllag_randb}) + +Für den rechten Rand ist die Bedingung \eqref{laguerre:sllag_randb} \begin{align*} \lim_{x \rightarrow \infty} p(x) y'(x) & = @@ -106,14 +162,27 @@ Für den rechten Rand ist die Bedingung (Gleichung~\eqref{laguerre:sllag_randb}) 0 \end{align*} für beliebige Polynomlösungen erfüllt für $k_\infty=0$ und $h_\infty=1$. -Damit können wir schlussfolgern, dass die Laguerre-Polynome orthogonal -bezüglich des Skalarproduktes auf dem Intervall $(0, \infty)$ mit der Laguerre\--Gewichtsfunktion -$w(x)=x^\nu e^{-x}$ sind. - - -\subsection{Rodrigues-Formel} - -\subsection{Drei-Terme Rekursion} -\subsection{Beziehung mit der Hypergeometrischen Funktion} +% Somit können wir schlussfolgern: +\begin{satz} +Die Laguerre-Polynome %($\nu=0$) +\eqref{laguerre:polynom} +% \begin{align*} +% L_n(x) +% = +% \sum_{k=0}^{n} \frac{(-1)^k}{k!} \binom{n}{k} x^k +% \end{align*} +sind orthognale Polynome bezüglich des Skalarproduktes +im Intervall~$(0, \infty)$ mit der Gewichts\-funktion~$w(x)=e^{-x}$. +\end{satz} +\begin{satz} +Die assoziierten Laguerre-Polynome \eqref{laguerre:allg_polynom} +% \begin{align*} +% L_n^\nu(x) +% = +% \sum_{k=0}^{n} \frac{(-1)^k}{(\nu + 1)_k} \binom{n}{k} x^k. +% \end{align*} +sind orthogonale Polynome bezüglich des Skalarproduktes +im Intervall~$(0, \infty)$ mit der Gewichts\-funktion~$w(x)=x^\nu e^{-x}$. +\end{satz} diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/gamma.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/gamma.tex index e3838b0..0cf17b9 100644 --- a/buch/papers/laguerre/gamma.tex +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/gamma.tex @@ -3,74 +3,605 @@ % % (c) 2022 Patrik Müller, Ostschweizer Fachhochschule % -\section{Anwendung: Berechnung der Gamma-Funktion +\section{Anwendung: Berechnung der + Gamma-Funktion% \label{laguerre:section:quad-gamma}} +\rhead{Approximation der Gamma-Funktion}% Die Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur kann nun verwendet werden, -um exponentiell abfallende Funktionen im Definitionsbereich $(0, \infty)$ zu -berechnen. -Dabei bietet sich z.B. die Gamma-Funkion bestens an, wie wir in den folgenden -Abschnitten sehen werden. +um exponentiell abfallende Funktionen im Definitionsbereich~$(0, \infty)$ +zu berechnen. +Dabei bietet sich zum Beispiel die Gamma-Funktion hervorragend an, +wie wir in den folgenden Abschnitten sehen werden. -\subsection{Gamma-Funktion} +Im ersten Abschnitt~\ref{laguerre:subsection:gamma} möchten wir noch einmal +die wichtigsten Eigenschaften der Gamma-Funktion betrachten, +bevor wir dann im zweiten Abschnitt~\ref{laguerre:subsection:gauss-lag-gamma} +diese Eigenschaften nutzen werden, +damit wir die Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur für die Gamma-Funktion +markant verbessern können. +% damit wir sie dann in einem nächsten Schritt verwenden können, +% um unsere Approximationsmethode zu verbessern +% Im zweiten Abschnitt~\ref{laguerre:subsection:gauss-lag-gamma} +% wenden wir dann die Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur auf die Gamma-Funktion und +% erweitern die Methode + +\subsection{Gamma-Funktion% +\label{laguerre:subsection:gamma}} Die Gamma-Funktion ist eine Erweiterung der Fakultät auf die reale und komplexe Zahlenmenge. +Mehr Informationen zur Gamma-Funktion lassen sich im +Abschnitt~\ref{buch:rekursion:section:gamma} finden. Die Definition~\ref{buch:rekursion:def:gamma} beschreibt die Gamma-Funktion als Integral der Form \begin{align} \Gamma(z) & = -\int_0^\infty t^{z-1} e^{-t} dt +\int_0^\infty x^{z-1} e^{-x} \, dx , \quad -\text{wobei Realteil von $z$ grösser als $0$} -, +\text{wobei } \operatorname{Re}(z) > 0 \label{laguerre:gamma} +. \end{align} -welches alle Eigenschaften erfüllt, um mit der Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur -berechnet zu werden. +Der Term $e^{-x}$ im Integranden und der Integrationsbereich erfüllen +genau die Bedingungen der Gauss-Laguerre-Integration. +% Der Term $e^{-t}$ ist genau die Gewichtsfunktion der Laguerre-Integration und +% der Definitionsbereich passt ebenfalls genau für dieses Verfahren. +Weiter zu erwähnen ist, dass für die assoziierte Gauss-Laguerre-Integration die +Gewichtsfunktion $x^\nu e^{-x}$ exakt dem Integranden +für $\nu = z - 1$ entspricht. \subsubsection{Funktionalgleichung} -Die Funktionalgleichung besagt +Die Gamma-Funktion besitzt die gleiche Rekursionsbeziehung wie die Fakultät, +nämlich \begin{align} -z \Gamma(z) = \Gamma(z+1). +\Gamma(z+1) += +z \Gamma(z) +\quad +\text{mit } +\Gamma(1) += +1 +. \label{laguerre:gamma_funktional} \end{align} -Mittels dieser Gleichung kann der Wert an einer bestimmten, -geeigneten Stelle evaluiert werden und dann zurückverschoben werden, -um das gewünschte Resultat zu erhalten. -\subsection{Berechnung mittels Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur} +\subsubsection{Reflektionsformel} +Die Reflektionsformel +\begin{align} +\Gamma(z) \Gamma(1 - z) += +\frac{\pi}{\sin \pi z} +,\quad +\text{für } +z \notin \mathbb{Z} +\label{laguerre:gamma_refform} +\end{align} +stellt eine Beziehung zwischen den zwei Punkten, +die aus der Spiegelung an der Geraden $\real z = 1/2$ hervorgehen, +her. +Dadurch lassen Werte der Gamma-Funktion sich für $z$ in der rechten Halbebene +leicht in die linke Halbebene übersetzen und umgekehrt. -Fehlerterm: +\subsection{Berechnung mittels +Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur% +\label{laguerre:subsection:gauss-lag-gamma}} +In den vorherigen Abschnitten haben wir gesehen, +dass sich die Gamma-Funktion bestens für die Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur +\begin{align*} +\int_0^\infty x^{z-1} e^{-x} \, dx += +\int_0^\infty f(x) w(x) \, dx +\approx +\sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i) A_i +\end{align*} +eignet. +Nun bieten sich uns zwei Optionen, +diese zu berechnen: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Wir verwenden die assoziierten Laguerre-Polynome $L_n^\nu(x)$ mit +$w(x) = x^\nu e^{-x}$, $\nu = z - 1$ und $f(x) = 1$. +% $f(x)=1$. +% \begin{align*} +% \int_0^\infty x^{z-1} e^{-x} \, dx +% = +% \int_0^\infty f(x) w(x) \, dx +% \quad +% \text{mit } +% w(x) +% = +% x^\nu e^{-x}, +% \nu +% = +% z - 1 +% \text{ und } +% f(x) = 1 +% . +% \end{align*} +\item Wir verwenden die Laguerre-Polynome $L_n(x)$ mit +$w(x) = e^{-x}$ und $f(x) = x^{z - 1}$. +% $f(x)=x^{z-1}$ +% \begin{align*} +% \int_0^\infty x^{z-1} e^{-x} \, dx +% = +% \int_0^\infty f(x) w(x) \, dx +% \quad +% \text{mit } +% w(x) +% = +% e^{-x} +% \text{ und } +% f(x) = x^{z - 1} +% . +% \end{align*} +\end{enumerate} +Die erste Variante wäre optimal auf das Problem angepasst, +allerdings müssten die Gewichte und Nullstellen für jedes $z$ +neu berechnet werden, +da sie per Definition von $z$ abhängen. +Dazu kommt, +dass die Berechnung der Gewichte $A_i$ nach +\cite{laguerre:Cassity1965AbcissasCA} \begin{align*} +A_i += +\frac{ +\Gamma(n) \Gamma(n+\nu) +} +{ +(n+\nu) +\left[L_{n-1}^{\nu}(x_i)\right]^2 +} +\end{align*} +Evaluationen der Gamma-Funktion benötigen. +Somit ist diese Methode eindeutig nicht geeignet für unser Vorhaben. + +Bei der zweiten Variante benötigen wir keine Neuberechung der Gewichte +und Nullstellen für unterschiedliche $z$. +In \eqref{laguerre:quadratur_gewichte} ist ersichtlich, +dass die Gewichte einfach zu berechnen sind. +Auch die Nullstellen können vorgängig, +mittels eines geeigneten Verfahrens, +aus den Polynomen bestimmt werden. +Als problematisch könnte sich höchstens +die zu integrierende Funktion $f(x)=x^{z-1}$ für $|z| \gg 0$ erweisen. +Somit entscheiden wir uns aufgrund der vorherigen Punkte, +die zweite Variante weiterzuverfolgen. + +\subsubsection{Direkter Ansatz} +% +\begin{figure} +\centering +% \input{papers/laguerre/images/rel_error_simple.pgf} +\includegraphics{papers/laguerre/images/rel_error_simple.pdf} +%\vspace{-12pt} +\caption{Relativer Fehler des direkten Ansatzes +für verschiedene reelle Werte von $z$ und Grade $n$ der +Laguerre-Polynome}% +\label{laguerre:fig:rel_error_simple} +\end{figure} +%. +Wenden wir also die Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur aus +\eqref{laguerre:laguerrequadratur} auf die Gamma-Funktion +\eqref{laguerre:gamma} an, +ergibt sich +\begin{align} +\Gamma(z) +\approx +\sum_{i=1}^n x_i^{z-1} A_i +\label{laguerre:naive_lag} +. +\end{align} +Bevor wir die Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur anwenden, +möchten wir als ersten Schritt eine Fehlerabschätzung durchführen. +Für den Fehlerterm \eqref{laguerre:lag_error} wird die $2n$-te Ableitung +der zu integrierenden Funktion $f(\xi)$ benötigt. +Für das Integral der Gamma-Funktion ergibt sich also +\begin{align*} +\frac{d^{2n}}{d\xi^{2n}} f(\xi) + & = +\frac{d^{2n}}{d\xi^{2n}} \xi^{z-1} +\\ + & = +(z - 2n)_{2n} \xi^{z - 2n - 1} +. +\end{align*} +Eingesetzt im Fehlerterm \eqref{laguerre:lag_error} resultiert +\begin{align} R_n = (z - 2n)_{2n} \frac{(n!)^2}{(2n)!} \xi^{z-2n-1} -\end{align*} +, +\label{laguerre:gamma_err_simple} +\end{align} +wobei $\xi$ ein geeigneter Wert im Intervall $(0, \infty)$ ist +und $n$ der Grad des verwendeten Laguerre-Polynoms. +Eine Fehlerabschätzung mit dem Fehlerterm stellt sich als unnütz heraus, +da $R_n$ für $z < 2n - 1$ bei $\xi \rightarrow 0$ eine Singularität aufweist +und für $z > 2n - 1$ bei $\xi \rightarrow \infty$ divergiert. +Nur für den unwahrscheinlichen Fall $ z = 2n - 1$ +wäre eine Fehlerabschätzung plausibel. -\subsubsection{Finden der optimalen Berechnungsstelle} +Wenden wir nun also direkt die Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur +auf die Gamma-Funktion an. +Dazu benötigen wir die Gewichte nach +\eqref{laguerre:quadratur_gewichte} +und als Stützstellen die Nullstellen des Laguerre-Polynomes $L_n$. +Evaluieren wir den relativen Fehler unserer Approximation zeigt sich ein +Bild wie in Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:rel_error_simple}. +Man kann sehen, +wie der relative Fehler Nullstellen aufweist für ganzzahlige $z \leq 2n$. +Laut der Theorie der Gauss-Quadratur ist das auch zu erwarten, +da die Approximation via Gauss-Quadratur +exakt ist für zu integrierende Polynome mit Grad $\leq 2n-1$ und +der Integrand $x^{z-1}$ wird für $z \in \mathbb{N} \setminus \{0\}$ +zu einem Polynom . +% Hinzukommt, dass zudem von $z$ noch $1$ abgezogen wird im Exponenten. +Es ist ersichtlich, +dass sich für den Polynomgrad $n$ ein Intervall gibt, +in dem der relative Fehler minimal ist. +Links steigt der relative Fehler besonders stark an, +während er auf der rechten Seite zu konvergieren scheint. + +\begin{figure} +\centering +% \input{papers/laguerre/images/rel_error_mirror.pgf} +\includegraphics{papers/laguerre/images/rel_error_mirror.pdf} +%\vspace{-12pt} +\caption{Relativer Fehler des Ansatzes mit Spiegelung negativer Realwerte +für verschiedene reelle Werte von $z$ und Grade $n$ der Laguerre-Polynome} +\label{laguerre:fig:rel_error_mirror} +\end{figure} + +Um die linke Hälfte in den Griff zu bekommen, +könnten wir die Reflektionsformel der Gamma-Funktion verwenden. +Spiegelt man nun $z$ mit negativem Realteil mittels der Reflektionsformel, +ergibt sich ein stabilerer Fehler in der linken Hälfte, +wie in Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:rel_error_mirror}. +Die Spiegelung bringt nur für wenige Werte einen, +für praktische Anwendungen geeigneten, +relativen Fehler. +Wie wir aber in Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:rel_error_simple} sehen konnten, +gibt es für jeden Polynomgrad $n$ ein Intervall $[a(n), a(n) + 1]$, +$a(n) \in \mathbb{Z}$, +in welchem der relative Fehler minimal ist. +Die Funktionalgleichung der Gamma-Funktion \eqref{laguerre:gamma_funktional} +könnte uns hier helfen, +das Problem in den Griff zu bekommen. + +\subsubsection{Analyse des Integranden} +Wie wir im vorherigen Abschnitt gesehen haben, +scheint der Integrand problematisch. +Darum möchten wir ihn jetzt analysieren, +damit wir ihn besser verstehen können. +Dies sollte es uns ermöglichen, +anschliessend geeignete Gegenmassnahmen zu entwickeln. + +% Dieser Abschnitt soll eine grafisches Verständnis dafür schaffen, +% wieso der Integrand so problematisch ist. +% Was das heisst sollte in Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:integrand} +% und Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:integrand_exp} grafisch dargestellt werden. +\begin{figure} +\centering +% \input{papers/laguerre/images/integrand.pgf} +\includegraphics{papers/laguerre/images/integrand.pdf} +%\vspace{-12pt} +\caption{Integrand $x^z$ mit unterschiedlichen Werten für $z$} +\label{laguerre:fig:integrand} +\end{figure} + +In Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:integrand} ist der Integrand $x^z$ für +unterschiedliche Werte von $z$ dargestellt. +Dies entspricht der zu integrierenden Funktion $f(x)$ +der Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur für die Gamma-Funktion. +Man erkennt, +dass für kleine $z$ sich ein singulärer Integrand ergibt +und auch für grosse $z$ wächst der Integrand sehr schnell an. +Das heisst, +die Ableitungen im Fehlerterm divergieren noch schneller +und das wirkt sich negativ auf die Genauigkeit der Approximation aus. +Somit lässt sich hier sagen, +dass kleine Exponenten um $0$ genauere Resultate liefern sollten. + +\begin{figure} +\centering +% \input{papers/laguerre/images/integrand_exp.pgf} +\includegraphics{papers/laguerre/images/integrand_exp.pdf} +%\vspace{-12pt} +\caption{Integrand $x^z e^{-x}$ mit unterschiedlichen Werten für $z$} +\label{laguerre:fig:integrand_exp} +\end{figure} + +In Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:integrand_exp} fügen wir +die Dämpfung der Gewichtsfunktion $w(x)$ +der Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur wieder hinzu +und erhalten so wieder den kompletten Integranden $x^{z} e^{-x}$ +der Gamma-Funktion. +Für negative $z$ ergeben sich immer noch Singularitäten, +wenn $x \rightarrow 0$. +Um $x = 1$ wächst der Term $x^z$ für positive $z$ +schneller als die Dämpfung $e^{-x}$, +aber für $x \rightarrow \infty$ geht der Integrand gegen $0$. +Das führt zu glockenförmigen Kurven, +die für grosse Exponenten $z$ nach der Stelle $x=1$ schnell anwachsen. +Zu grosse Exponenten $z$ sind also immer noch problematisch. +Kleine positive $z$ scheinen nun aber auch zulässig zu sein. +Damit formulieren wir die Vermutung, +dass $a(n)$, +welches das Intervall $[a(n), a(n) + 1]$ definiert, +in dem der relative Fehler minimal ist, +grösser als $0$ und kleiner als $2n-1$ ist. + +\subsubsection{Ansatz mit Verschiebungsterm} +% Mittels der Funktionalgleichung \eqref{laguerre:gamma_funktional} +% kann der Wert von $\Gamma(z)$ im Intervall $z \in [a,a+1]$, +% in dem der relative Fehler minimal ist, +% evaluiert werden und dann mit der Funktionalgleichung zurückverschoben werden. Nun stellt sich die Frage, ob die Approximation mittels Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur verbessert werden kann, -wenn man das Problem an einer geeigneten Stelle evaluiert und -dann zurückverschiebt mit der Funktionalgleichung. -Dazu wollen wir den Fehlerterm in -Gleichung~\eqref{laguerre:lagurre:lag_error} anpassen und dann minimieren. -Zunächst wollen wir dies nur für $z\in \mathbb{R}$ und $0<z<1$ definieren. -Zudem nehmen wir an, dass die optimale Stelle $x^* \in \mathbb{R}$, $z < x^*$ -ist. -Dann fügen wir einen Verschiebungsterm um $m$ Stellen ein, daraus folgt +wenn man das Problem in einem geeigneten Intervall $[a(n), a(n)+1]$, +$a(n) \in \mathbb{Z}$, +evaluiert und dann mit der +Funktionalgleichung \eqref{laguerre:gamma_funktional} zurückverschiebt. +Für dieses Vorhaben führen wir einen Verschiebungsterm $m \in \mathbb{Z}$ ein. +Passen wir \eqref{laguerre:naive_lag} +mit dem Verschiebungsterm $m$ +%,der $z$ and die Stelle $z_m = z + m$ verschiebt, +an, +ergibt sich +\begin{align} +\Gamma(z) +\approx +s(z, m) \sum_{i=1}^n x_i^{z + m - 1} A_i +% && +% \text{mit } +% s(z, m) +% = +% \begin{cases} +% \displaystyle +% \frac{1}{(z - m)_m} & \text{wenn } m \geq 0\\ +% (z + m)_{-m} & \text{wenn } m < 0 +% \end{cases} +% . +\label{laguerre:shifted_lag} +\end{align} +mit \begin{align*} -R_n +s(z, m) = -\frac{(z - 2n)_{2n}}{(z - m)_m} \frac{(n!)^2}{(2n)!} \xi^{z + m - 2n - 1} +\begin{cases} +\displaystyle +\frac{1}{(z)_m} & \text{wenn } m \geq 0 \\ +(z + m)_{-m} & \text{wenn } m < 0 +\end{cases} . \end{align*} -{ -\large \color{red} -TODO: -Geeignete Minimierung für Fehler finden, so dass sie mit den emprisich -bestimmen optimalen Punkten übereinstimmen. -} +\subsubsection{Finden der optimalen Berechnungsstelle} +Um die optimale Stelle $z^*(n) \in \left[a(n), a(n) + 1\right]$, +$z^*(n) \in \mathbb{R}$, +zu finden, +erweitern wir denn Fehlerterm \eqref{laguerre:gamma_err_simple} +und erhalten +\begin{align} +R_{n,m}(\xi) += +s(z, m) \cdot (z - 2n)_{2n} \frac{(n!)^2}{(2n)!} \xi^{z + m - 2n - 1} +,\quad +\text{für } +\xi \in (0, \infty) +\label{laguerre:gamma_err_shifted} +. +\end{align} +% +\begin{figure} +\centering +\includegraphics{papers/laguerre/images/targets.pdf} +% %\vspace{-12pt} +\caption{$m^*$ in Abhängigkeit von $z$ und $n$} +\label{laguerre:fig:targets} +\end{figure} +% +Daraus formulieren wir das Optimierungproblem +\begin{align*} +m^* += +\operatorname*{argmin}_m \max_\xi R_{n,m}(\xi) +. +\end{align*} +Allerdings ist die Funktion $R_{n,m}(\xi)$ unbeschränkt und +hat die gleichen Probleme wie die Fehlerabschätzung des direkten Ansatzes. +Dazu müssten wir $\xi$ versuchen, +unter Kontrolle zu bringen, +was ein äussersts schwieriges Unterfangen zu sein scheint. +Da die Gauss-Quadratur aber sowieso +nur wirklich praktisch sinnvoll für kleine $n$ ist, +können die Intervalle $[a(n), a(n)+1]$ empirisch gesucht werden. + +Wir bestimmen nun die optimalen Verschiebungsterme empirisch +für $n = 1,\ldots, 12$ im Intervall $z \in (0, 1)$, +da $z$ sowieso mit den Term $m$ verschoben wird, +reicht es, +die $m^*$ nur in diesem Intervall zu analysieren. +In Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:targets} sind die empirisch bestimmten $m^*$ +abhängig von $z$ und $n$ dargestellt. +In $n$-Richtung lässt sich eine klare lineare Abhängigkeit erkennen und +die Beziehung zu $z$ ist negativ, +d.h. wenn $z$ grösser ist, wird $m^*$ kleiner. +Allerdings ist die genaue Beziehung zu $z$ +aus dieser Grafik nicht offensichtlich, +aber sie scheint regelmässig zu sein. +Es lässt die Vermutung aufkommen, +dass die Restriktion von $m^* \in \mathbb{Z}$ Rundungsprobleme verursacht. +Wir versuchen, +dieses Problem via lineare Regression und geeignete Rundung zu beheben. +Den linearen Regressor +\begin{align*} +\hat{m} += +\alpha n + \beta +\end{align*} +machen wir nur abhängig von $n$, +in dem wir den Mittelwert $\overline{m}$ von $m^*$ über $z$ berechnen. + +\begin{figure} +\centering +% \input{papers/laguerre/images/estimates.pgf} +\includegraphics{papers/laguerre/images/estimates.pdf} +%\vspace{-12pt} +\caption{Schätzung Mittelwert von $m$ und Fehler} +\label{laguerre:fig:schaetzung} +\end{figure} + +In Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:schaetzung} sind die Resultate +der linearen Regression aufgezeigt mit $\alpha = 1.34154$ und $\beta = +0.848786$. +Die lineare Beziehung ist ganz klar ersichtlich und der Fit scheint zu genügen. +Der optimale Verschiebungsterm kann nun mit +\begin{align*} +m^* +\approx +\lceil \hat{m} - z \rceil += +\lceil \alpha n + \beta - z \rceil +\end{align*} +% kann nun mit dem linearen Regressor und $z$ +gefunden werden. + +\subsubsection{Evaluation des Schätzers} +In einem ersten Schritt möchten wir analysieren, +wie gut die Abschätzung des optimalen Verschiebungsterms ist. +Dazu bestimmen wir den relativen Fehler für verschiedene Verschiebungsterme $m$ +in der Nähe von $m^*$ bei gegebenem Polynomgrad $n = 8$ für $z \in (0, 1)$. +In Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:rel_error_shifted} sind die relativen Fehler +der Approximation dargestellt. +Man kann deutlich sehen, +dass der relative Fehler anwächst, +je weiter der Verschiebungsterm vom idealen Wert abweicht. +Zudem scheint der Schätzer den optimalen Verschiebungsterm gut zu bestimmen, +da der Schätzer zuerst der grünen Linie folgt und +dann beim Übergang auf die orange Linie wechselt. +\begin{figure} +\centering +% \input{papers/laguerre/images/rel_error_shifted.pgf} +\includegraphics{papers/laguerre/images/rel_error_shifted.pdf} +%\vspace{-12pt} +\caption{Relativer Fehler des Ansatzes mit Verschiebungsterm +für verschiedene reelle Werte von $z$ und Verschiebungsterme $m$. +Das verwendete Laguerre-Polynom besitzt den Grad $n = 8$. +$m^*$ bezeichnet hier den optimalen Verschiebungsterm.} +\label{laguerre:fig:rel_error_shifted} +\end{figure} + +\subsubsection{Resultate} +Das Verfahren scheint für den Grad $n=8$ und $z \in (0,1)$ gut zu funktioneren. +Es stellt sich nun die Frage, +wie der relative Fehler sich für verschiedene $z$ und $n$ verhält. +In Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:rel_error_range} sind die relativen Fehler für +unterschiedliche $n$ dargestellt. +Der relative Fehler scheint immer noch Nullstellen aufzuweisen +für ganzzahlige $z$. +Durch das Verschieben ergibt sich jetzt aber, +wie zu erwarten war, +ein periodischer relativer Fehler mit einer Periodendauer von $1$. +Zudem lässt sich erkennen, +dass der Fehler abhängig von der Ordnung $n$ +des verwendeten Laguerre-Polynoms ist. +Wenn der Grad $n$ um $1$ erhöht wird, +verbessert sich die Genauigkeit des Resultats um etwa eine signifikante Stelle. + +In Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:rel_error_complex} +ist der Betrag des relativen Fehlers in der komplexen Ebene dargestellt. +Je stärker der Imaginäranteil von $z$ von $0$ abweicht, +umso schlechter wird die Genauigkeit der Approximation. +Das erstaunt nicht weiter, +da die Gauss-Quadratur eigentlich nur für reelle Zahlen definiert ist. +Wenn der Imaginäranteil von $z$ ungefähr $0$ ist, +lässt sich das gleiche Bild beobachten wie in +Abbildung~\ref{laguerre:fig:rel_error_range}. + +\begin{figure} +\centering +% \input{papers/laguerre/images/rel_error_range.pgf} +\includegraphics{papers/laguerre/images/rel_error_range.pdf} +%\vspace{-12pt} +\caption{Relativer Fehler des Ansatzes mit optimalen Verschiebungsterm +für verschiedene reelle Werte von $z$ und Laguerre-Polynome vom Grad $n$} +\label{laguerre:fig:rel_error_range} +\end{figure} + +\begin{figure} +\centering +\includegraphics{papers/laguerre/images/rel_error_complex.pdf} +%\vspace{-12pt} +\caption{Absolutwert des relativen Fehlers in der komplexen Ebene} +\label{laguerre:fig:rel_error_complex} +\end{figure} + +\subsubsection{Vergleich mit Lanczos-Methode} +Nun stellt sich die Frage, +wie das in diesem Abschnitt beschriebene Approximationsverfahren +der Gamma-Funktion sich gegenüber den üblichen Approximationsverfahren schlägt. +Eine häufig verwendete Methode ist die Lanczos-Approximation, +welche gegeben ist durch +\begin{align} +\Gamma(z + 1) +\approx +\sqrt{2\pi} \left( z + \sigma + \frac{1}{2} \right)^{z + 1/2} +e^{-(z + \sigma + 1/2)} \sum_{k=0}^n g_k H_k(z) +, +\end{align} +wobei +\begin{align*} +g_k = \frac{e^\sigma \varepsilon_k (-1)^k}{\sqrt{2\pi}} +\sum_{r=0}^k (-1)^r \, \binom{k}{r} \, (k)_r +\left( \frac{e}{r + \sigma + \frac{1}{2}}\right)^{r + 1/2} +, +\end{align*} +\begin{align*} +\varepsilon_k += +\begin{cases} +1 & \text{für } k = 0 \\ +2 & \text{sonst} +\end{cases} +\quad \text{und}\quad +H_k(z) += +\frac{(-1)^k (-z)_k}{(z+1)_k} +\end{align*} +mit $H_0 = 1$ und $\sum_0^n g_k = 1$ (siehe \cite{laguerre:lanczos}). +Diese Methode wurde zum Beispiel in +{\em GNU Scientific Library}, {\em Boost}, {\em CPython} und +{\em musl} implementiert. +Diese Methode erreicht für $n = 7$ typischerweise eine Genauigkeit von $13$ +korrekten, signifikanten Stellen für reelle Argumente. +Zum Vergleich: die vorgestellte Methode erreicht für $n = 7$ +eine minimale Genauigkeit von $6$ korrekten, signifikanten Stellen +für reelle Argumente. -\subsection{Resultate} +\subsubsection{Fazit} +% Das Resultat ist etwas enttäuschend, +Die Genauigkeit der vorgestellten Methode schneidet somit schlechter ab +als die Lanczos-Methode. +Dieser Erkenntnis kommt nicht ganz unerwartet, +% aber nicht unerwartet, +da die Lanczos-Methode spezifisch auf dieses Problem zugeschnitten ist und +unsere Methode eine erweiterte allgemeine Methode ist. +Allerdings besticht die vorgestellte Methode +durch ihre stark reduzierte Komplexität. % und Rechenaufwand. +% Was die Komplexität der Berechnungen im Betrieb angeht, +% ist die Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur wesentlich ressourcensparender, +% weil sie nur aus $n$ Funktionsevaluationen, +% wenigen Multiplikationen und Additionen besteht. +Was den Rechenaufwand angeht, +benötigt die vorgestellte Methode, +für eine Genauigkeit von $n-1$ signifikanten Stellen, +nur $n$ Funktionsevaluationen +und wenige zusätzliche Multiplikationen und Additionen. +Demzufolge könnte diese Methode Anwendung in Systemen mit wenig Rechenleistung +und/oder knappen Energieressourcen finden. +Die vorgestellte Methode ist ein weiteres Beispiel dafür, +wie Verfahren durch die Kenntnis der Eigenschaften einer Funktion +verbessert werden können.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/images/estimates.pdf b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/estimates.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe48f47 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/estimates.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/images/gammapaths.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/gammapaths.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..efa0863 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/gammapaths.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1024 @@ +\def\gammaplus{({\dx*0.0190},{\dy*52.0728}) + -- ({\dx*0.0200},{\dy*49.4422}) + -- ({\dx*0.0400},{\dy*24.4610}) + -- ({\dx*0.0600},{\dy*16.1457}) + -- ({\dx*0.0800},{\dy*11.9966}) + -- ({\dx*0.1000},{\dy*9.5135}) + -- ({\dx*0.1200},{\dy*7.8633}) + -- ({\dx*0.1400},{\dy*6.6887}) + -- ({\dx*0.1600},{\dy*5.8113}) + -- ({\dx*0.1800},{\dy*5.1318}) + -- ({\dx*0.2000},{\dy*4.5908}) + -- ({\dx*0.2200},{\dy*4.1505}) + -- ({\dx*0.2400},{\dy*3.7855}) + -- ({\dx*0.2600},{\dy*3.4785}) + -- ({\dx*0.2800},{\dy*3.2169}) + -- ({\dx*0.3000},{\dy*2.9916}) + -- ({\dx*0.3200},{\dy*2.7958}) + -- ({\dx*0.3400},{\dy*2.6242}) + -- ({\dx*0.3600},{\dy*2.4727}) + -- ({\dx*0.3800},{\dy*2.3383}) + -- ({\dx*0.4000},{\dy*2.2182}) + -- ({\dx*0.4200},{\dy*2.1104}) + -- ({\dx*0.4400},{\dy*2.0132}) + -- ({\dx*0.4600},{\dy*1.9252}) + -- ({\dx*0.4800},{\dy*1.8453}) + -- ({\dx*0.5000},{\dy*1.7725}) + -- ({\dx*0.5200},{\dy*1.7058}) + -- ({\dx*0.5400},{\dy*1.6448}) + -- ({\dx*0.5600},{\dy*1.5886}) + -- ({\dx*0.5800},{\dy*1.5369}) + -- ({\dx*0.6000},{\dy*1.4892}) + -- ({\dx*0.6200},{\dy*1.4450}) + -- ({\dx*0.6400},{\dy*1.4041}) + -- ({\dx*0.6600},{\dy*1.3662}) + -- ({\dx*0.6800},{\dy*1.3309}) + -- ({\dx*0.7000},{\dy*1.2981}) + -- ({\dx*0.7200},{\dy*1.2675}) + -- ({\dx*0.7400},{\dy*1.2390}) + -- ({\dx*0.7600},{\dy*1.2123}) + -- ({\dx*0.7800},{\dy*1.1875}) + -- ({\dx*0.8000},{\dy*1.1642}) + -- ({\dx*0.8200},{\dy*1.1425}) + -- ({\dx*0.8400},{\dy*1.1222}) + -- ({\dx*0.8600},{\dy*1.1031}) + -- ({\dx*0.8800},{\dy*1.0853}) + -- ({\dx*0.9000},{\dy*1.0686}) + -- ({\dx*0.9200},{\dy*1.0530}) + -- ({\dx*0.9400},{\dy*1.0384}) + -- ({\dx*0.9600},{\dy*1.0247}) + -- ({\dx*0.9800},{\dy*1.0119}) + -- ({\dx*1.0000},{\dy*1.0000}) + -- ({\dx*1.0200},{\dy*0.9888}) + -- ({\dx*1.0400},{\dy*0.9784}) + -- ({\dx*1.0600},{\dy*0.9687}) + -- ({\dx*1.0800},{\dy*0.9597}) + -- ({\dx*1.1000},{\dy*0.9514}) + -- ({\dx*1.1200},{\dy*0.9436}) + -- ({\dx*1.1400},{\dy*0.9364}) + -- ({\dx*1.1600},{\dy*0.9298}) + -- ({\dx*1.1800},{\dy*0.9237}) + -- ({\dx*1.2000},{\dy*0.9182}) + -- ({\dx*1.2200},{\dy*0.9131}) + -- ({\dx*1.2400},{\dy*0.9085}) + -- ({\dx*1.2600},{\dy*0.9044}) + -- ({\dx*1.2800},{\dy*0.9007}) + -- ({\dx*1.3000},{\dy*0.8975}) + -- ({\dx*1.3200},{\dy*0.8946}) + -- ({\dx*1.3400},{\dy*0.8922}) + -- ({\dx*1.3600},{\dy*0.8902}) + -- ({\dx*1.3800},{\dy*0.8885}) + -- ({\dx*1.4000},{\dy*0.8873}) + -- ({\dx*1.4200},{\dy*0.8864}) + -- ({\dx*1.4400},{\dy*0.8858}) + -- ({\dx*1.4600},{\dy*0.8856}) + -- ({\dx*1.4800},{\dy*0.8857}) + -- ({\dx*1.5000},{\dy*0.8862}) + -- ({\dx*1.5200},{\dy*0.8870}) + -- ({\dx*1.5400},{\dy*0.8882}) + -- ({\dx*1.5600},{\dy*0.8896}) + -- ({\dx*1.5800},{\dy*0.8914}) + -- ({\dx*1.6000},{\dy*0.8935}) + -- ({\dx*1.6200},{\dy*0.8959}) + -- ({\dx*1.6400},{\dy*0.8986}) + -- ({\dx*1.6600},{\dy*0.9017}) + -- ({\dx*1.6800},{\dy*0.9050}) + -- ({\dx*1.7000},{\dy*0.9086}) + -- ({\dx*1.7200},{\dy*0.9126}) + -- ({\dx*1.7400},{\dy*0.9168}) + -- ({\dx*1.7600},{\dy*0.9214}) + -- ({\dx*1.7800},{\dy*0.9262}) + -- ({\dx*1.8000},{\dy*0.9314}) + -- ({\dx*1.8200},{\dy*0.9368}) + -- ({\dx*1.8400},{\dy*0.9426}) + -- ({\dx*1.8600},{\dy*0.9487}) + -- ({\dx*1.8800},{\dy*0.9551}) + -- ({\dx*1.9000},{\dy*0.9618}) + -- ({\dx*1.9200},{\dy*0.9688}) + -- ({\dx*1.9400},{\dy*0.9761}) + -- ({\dx*1.9600},{\dy*0.9837}) + -- ({\dx*1.9800},{\dy*0.9917}) + -- ({\dx*2.0000},{\dy*1.0000}) + -- ({\dx*2.0200},{\dy*1.0086}) + -- ({\dx*2.0400},{\dy*1.0176}) + -- ({\dx*2.0600},{\dy*1.0269}) + -- ({\dx*2.0800},{\dy*1.0365}) + -- ({\dx*2.1000},{\dy*1.0465}) + -- ({\dx*2.1200},{\dy*1.0568}) + -- ({\dx*2.1400},{\dy*1.0675}) + -- ({\dx*2.1600},{\dy*1.0786}) + -- ({\dx*2.1800},{\dy*1.0900}) + -- ({\dx*2.2000},{\dy*1.1018}) + -- ({\dx*2.2200},{\dy*1.1140}) + -- ({\dx*2.2400},{\dy*1.1266}) + -- ({\dx*2.2600},{\dy*1.1395}) + -- ({\dx*2.2800},{\dy*1.1529}) + -- ({\dx*2.3000},{\dy*1.1667}) + -- ({\dx*2.3200},{\dy*1.1809}) + -- ({\dx*2.3400},{\dy*1.1956}) + -- ({\dx*2.3600},{\dy*1.2107}) + -- ({\dx*2.3800},{\dy*1.2262}) + -- ({\dx*2.4000},{\dy*1.2422}) + -- ({\dx*2.4200},{\dy*1.2586}) + -- ({\dx*2.4400},{\dy*1.2756}) + -- ({\dx*2.4600},{\dy*1.2930}) + -- ({\dx*2.4800},{\dy*1.3109}) + -- ({\dx*2.5000},{\dy*1.3293}) + -- ({\dx*2.5200},{\dy*1.3483}) + -- ({\dx*2.5400},{\dy*1.3678}) + -- ({\dx*2.5600},{\dy*1.3878}) + -- ({\dx*2.5800},{\dy*1.4084}) + -- ({\dx*2.6000},{\dy*1.4296}) + -- ({\dx*2.6200},{\dy*1.4514}) + -- ({\dx*2.6400},{\dy*1.4738}) + -- ({\dx*2.6600},{\dy*1.4968}) + -- ({\dx*2.6800},{\dy*1.5204}) + -- ({\dx*2.7000},{\dy*1.5447}) + -- ({\dx*2.7200},{\dy*1.5696}) + -- ({\dx*2.7400},{\dy*1.5953}) + -- ({\dx*2.7600},{\dy*1.6216}) + -- ({\dx*2.7800},{\dy*1.6487}) + -- ({\dx*2.8000},{\dy*1.6765}) + -- ({\dx*2.8200},{\dy*1.7051}) + -- ({\dx*2.8400},{\dy*1.7344}) + -- ({\dx*2.8600},{\dy*1.7646}) + -- ({\dx*2.8800},{\dy*1.7955}) + -- ({\dx*2.9000},{\dy*1.8274}) + -- ({\dx*2.9200},{\dy*1.8600}) + -- ({\dx*2.9400},{\dy*1.8936}) + -- ({\dx*2.9600},{\dy*1.9281}) + -- ({\dx*2.9800},{\dy*1.9636}) + -- ({\dx*3.0000},{\dy*2.0000}) + -- ({\dx*3.0200},{\dy*2.0374}) + -- ({\dx*3.0400},{\dy*2.0759}) + -- ({\dx*3.0600},{\dy*2.1153}) + -- ({\dx*3.0800},{\dy*2.1559}) + -- ({\dx*3.1000},{\dy*2.1976}) + -- ({\dx*3.1200},{\dy*2.2405}) + -- ({\dx*3.1400},{\dy*2.2845}) + -- ({\dx*3.1600},{\dy*2.3297}) + -- ({\dx*3.1800},{\dy*2.3762}) + -- ({\dx*3.2000},{\dy*2.4240}) + -- ({\dx*3.2200},{\dy*2.4731}) + -- ({\dx*3.2400},{\dy*2.5235}) + -- ({\dx*3.2600},{\dy*2.5754}) + -- ({\dx*3.2800},{\dy*2.6287}) + -- ({\dx*3.3000},{\dy*2.6834}) + -- ({\dx*3.3200},{\dy*2.7397}) + -- ({\dx*3.3400},{\dy*2.7976}) + -- ({\dx*3.3600},{\dy*2.8571}) + -- ({\dx*3.3800},{\dy*2.9183}) + -- ({\dx*3.4000},{\dy*2.9812}) + -- ({\dx*3.4200},{\dy*3.0459}) + -- ({\dx*3.4400},{\dy*3.1124}) + -- ({\dx*3.4600},{\dy*3.1807}) + -- ({\dx*3.4800},{\dy*3.2510}) + -- ({\dx*3.5000},{\dy*3.3234}) + -- ({\dx*3.5200},{\dy*3.3977}) + -- ({\dx*3.5400},{\dy*3.4742}) + -- ({\dx*3.5600},{\dy*3.5529}) + -- ({\dx*3.5800},{\dy*3.6338}) + -- ({\dx*3.6000},{\dy*3.7170}) + -- ({\dx*3.6200},{\dy*3.8027}) + -- ({\dx*3.6400},{\dy*3.8908}) + -- ({\dx*3.6600},{\dy*3.9814}) + -- ({\dx*3.6800},{\dy*4.0747}) + -- ({\dx*3.7000},{\dy*4.1707}) + -- ({\dx*3.7200},{\dy*4.2694}) + -- ({\dx*3.7400},{\dy*4.3711}) + -- ({\dx*3.7600},{\dy*4.4757}) + -- ({\dx*3.7800},{\dy*4.5833}) + -- ({\dx*3.8000},{\dy*4.6942}) + -- ({\dx*3.8200},{\dy*4.8083}) + -- ({\dx*3.8400},{\dy*4.9257}) + -- ({\dx*3.8600},{\dy*5.0466}) + -- ({\dx*3.8800},{\dy*5.1711}) + -- ({\dx*3.9000},{\dy*5.2993}) + -- ({\dx*3.9200},{\dy*5.4313}) + -- ({\dx*3.9400},{\dy*5.5673}) + -- ({\dx*3.9600},{\dy*5.7073}) + -- ({\dx*3.9800},{\dy*5.8515}) + -- ({\dx*4.0000},{\dy*6.0000}) + -- ({\dx*4.0200},{\dy*6.1530}) + -- ({\dx*4.0400},{\dy*6.3106}) + -- ({\dx*4.0600},{\dy*6.4730}) + -- ({\dx*4.0800},{\dy*6.6403}) + -- ({\dx*4.0810},{\dy*6.6488})} +\def\gammaone{({\dx*-0.9810},{\dy*-53.0814}) + -- ({\dx*-0.9800},{\dy*-50.4512}) + -- ({\dx*-0.9600},{\dy*-25.4802}) + -- ({\dx*-0.9400},{\dy*-17.1763}) + -- ({\dx*-0.9200},{\dy*-13.0397}) + -- ({\dx*-0.9000},{\dy*-10.5706}) + -- ({\dx*-0.8800},{\dy*-8.9355}) + -- ({\dx*-0.8600},{\dy*-7.7775}) + -- ({\dx*-0.8400},{\dy*-6.9182}) + -- ({\dx*-0.8200},{\dy*-6.2583}) + -- ({\dx*-0.8000},{\dy*-5.7386}) + -- ({\dx*-0.7800},{\dy*-5.3211}) + -- ({\dx*-0.7600},{\dy*-4.9809}) + -- ({\dx*-0.7400},{\dy*-4.7006}) + -- ({\dx*-0.7200},{\dy*-4.4678}) + -- ({\dx*-0.7000},{\dy*-4.2737}) + -- ({\dx*-0.6800},{\dy*-4.1114}) + -- ({\dx*-0.6600},{\dy*-3.9760}) + -- ({\dx*-0.6400},{\dy*-3.8636}) + -- ({\dx*-0.6200},{\dy*-3.7714}) + -- ({\dx*-0.6000},{\dy*-3.6969}) + -- ({\dx*-0.5800},{\dy*-3.6386}) + -- ({\dx*-0.5600},{\dy*-3.5950}) + -- ({\dx*-0.5400},{\dy*-3.5652}) + -- ({\dx*-0.5200},{\dy*-3.5487}) + -- ({\dx*-0.5000},{\dy*-3.5449}) + -- ({\dx*-0.4800},{\dy*-3.5538}) + -- ({\dx*-0.4600},{\dy*-3.5756}) + -- ({\dx*-0.4400},{\dy*-3.6105}) + -- ({\dx*-0.4200},{\dy*-3.6594}) + -- ({\dx*-0.4000},{\dy*-3.7230}) + -- ({\dx*-0.3800},{\dy*-3.8027}) + -- ({\dx*-0.3600},{\dy*-3.9004}) + -- ({\dx*-0.3400},{\dy*-4.0181}) + -- ({\dx*-0.3200},{\dy*-4.1590}) + -- ({\dx*-0.3000},{\dy*-4.3269}) + -- ({\dx*-0.2800},{\dy*-4.5267}) + -- ({\dx*-0.2600},{\dy*-4.7652}) + -- ({\dx*-0.2400},{\dy*-5.0514}) + -- ({\dx*-0.2200},{\dy*-5.3976}) + -- ({\dx*-0.2000},{\dy*-5.8211}) + -- ({\dx*-0.1800},{\dy*-6.3472}) + -- ({\dx*-0.1600},{\dy*-7.0135}) + -- ({\dx*-0.1400},{\dy*-7.8795}) + -- ({\dx*-0.1200},{\dy*-9.0442}) + -- ({\dx*-0.1000},{\dy*-10.6863}) + -- ({\dx*-0.0800},{\dy*-13.1627}) + -- ({\dx*-0.0600},{\dy*-17.3067}) + -- ({\dx*-0.0400},{\dy*-25.6183}) + -- ({\dx*-0.0200},{\dy*-50.5974}) + -- ({\dx*-0.0190},{\dy*-53.2279})} +\def\gammatwo{({\dx*-1.9810},{\dy*26.7952}) + -- ({\dx*-1.9800},{\dy*25.4804}) + -- ({\dx*-1.9600},{\dy*13.0001}) + -- ({\dx*-1.9400},{\dy*8.8538}) + -- ({\dx*-1.9200},{\dy*6.7915}) + -- ({\dx*-1.9000},{\dy*5.5635}) + -- ({\dx*-1.8800},{\dy*4.7529}) + -- ({\dx*-1.8600},{\dy*4.1815}) + -- ({\dx*-1.8400},{\dy*3.7599}) + -- ({\dx*-1.8200},{\dy*3.4386}) + -- ({\dx*-1.8000},{\dy*3.1881}) + -- ({\dx*-1.7800},{\dy*2.9894}) + -- ({\dx*-1.7600},{\dy*2.8301}) + -- ({\dx*-1.7400},{\dy*2.7015}) + -- ({\dx*-1.7200},{\dy*2.5976}) + -- ({\dx*-1.7000},{\dy*2.5139}) + -- ({\dx*-1.6800},{\dy*2.4473}) + -- ({\dx*-1.6600},{\dy*2.3952}) + -- ({\dx*-1.6400},{\dy*2.3559}) + -- ({\dx*-1.6200},{\dy*2.3280}) + -- ({\dx*-1.6000},{\dy*2.3106}) + -- ({\dx*-1.5800},{\dy*2.3029}) + -- ({\dx*-1.5600},{\dy*2.3045}) + -- ({\dx*-1.5400},{\dy*2.3151}) + -- ({\dx*-1.5200},{\dy*2.3346}) + -- ({\dx*-1.5000},{\dy*2.3633}) + -- ({\dx*-1.4800},{\dy*2.4012}) + -- ({\dx*-1.4600},{\dy*2.4490}) + -- ({\dx*-1.4400},{\dy*2.5073}) + -- ({\dx*-1.4200},{\dy*2.5770}) + -- ({\dx*-1.4000},{\dy*2.6593}) + -- ({\dx*-1.3800},{\dy*2.7556}) + -- ({\dx*-1.3600},{\dy*2.8679}) + -- ({\dx*-1.3400},{\dy*2.9986}) + -- ({\dx*-1.3200},{\dy*3.1508}) + -- ({\dx*-1.3000},{\dy*3.3283}) + -- ({\dx*-1.2800},{\dy*3.5365}) + -- ({\dx*-1.2600},{\dy*3.7819}) + -- ({\dx*-1.2400},{\dy*4.0737}) + -- ({\dx*-1.2200},{\dy*4.4243}) + -- ({\dx*-1.2000},{\dy*4.8510}) + -- ({\dx*-1.1800},{\dy*5.3790}) + -- ({\dx*-1.1600},{\dy*6.0461}) + -- ({\dx*-1.1400},{\dy*6.9118}) + -- ({\dx*-1.1200},{\dy*8.0752}) + -- ({\dx*-1.1000},{\dy*9.7148}) + -- ({\dx*-1.0800},{\dy*12.1877}) + -- ({\dx*-1.0600},{\dy*16.3271}) + -- ({\dx*-1.0400},{\dy*24.6330}) + -- ({\dx*-1.0200},{\dy*49.6053}) + -- ({\dx*-1.0190},{\dy*52.2354})} +\def\gammathree{({\dx*-2.9810},{\dy*-8.9887}) + -- ({\dx*-2.9800},{\dy*-8.5505}) + -- ({\dx*-2.9600},{\dy*-4.3919}) + -- ({\dx*-2.9400},{\dy*-3.0115}) + -- ({\dx*-2.9200},{\dy*-2.3259}) + -- ({\dx*-2.9000},{\dy*-1.9184}) + -- ({\dx*-2.8800},{\dy*-1.6503}) + -- ({\dx*-2.8600},{\dy*-1.4621}) + -- ({\dx*-2.8400},{\dy*-1.3239}) + -- ({\dx*-2.8200},{\dy*-1.2194}) + -- ({\dx*-2.8000},{\dy*-1.1386}) + -- ({\dx*-2.7800},{\dy*-1.0753}) + -- ({\dx*-2.7600},{\dy*-1.0254}) + -- ({\dx*-2.7400},{\dy*-0.9859}) + -- ({\dx*-2.7200},{\dy*-0.9550}) + -- ({\dx*-2.7000},{\dy*-0.9311}) + -- ({\dx*-2.6800},{\dy*-0.9132}) + -- ({\dx*-2.6600},{\dy*-0.9004}) + -- ({\dx*-2.6400},{\dy*-0.8924}) + -- ({\dx*-2.6200},{\dy*-0.8886}) + -- ({\dx*-2.6000},{\dy*-0.8887}) + -- ({\dx*-2.5800},{\dy*-0.8926}) + -- ({\dx*-2.5600},{\dy*-0.9002}) + -- ({\dx*-2.5400},{\dy*-0.9115}) + -- ({\dx*-2.5200},{\dy*-0.9264}) + -- ({\dx*-2.5000},{\dy*-0.9453}) + -- ({\dx*-2.4800},{\dy*-0.9682}) + -- ({\dx*-2.4600},{\dy*-0.9955}) + -- ({\dx*-2.4400},{\dy*-1.0276}) + -- ({\dx*-2.4200},{\dy*-1.0649}) + -- ({\dx*-2.4000},{\dy*-1.1080}) + -- ({\dx*-2.3800},{\dy*-1.1578}) + -- ({\dx*-2.3600},{\dy*-1.2152}) + -- ({\dx*-2.3400},{\dy*-1.2815}) + -- ({\dx*-2.3200},{\dy*-1.3581}) + -- ({\dx*-2.3000},{\dy*-1.4471}) + -- ({\dx*-2.2800},{\dy*-1.5511}) + -- ({\dx*-2.2600},{\dy*-1.6734}) + -- ({\dx*-2.2400},{\dy*-1.8186}) + -- ({\dx*-2.2200},{\dy*-1.9929}) + -- ({\dx*-2.2000},{\dy*-2.2050}) + -- ({\dx*-2.1800},{\dy*-2.4674}) + -- ({\dx*-2.1600},{\dy*-2.7991}) + -- ({\dx*-2.1400},{\dy*-3.2298}) + -- ({\dx*-2.1200},{\dy*-3.8091}) + -- ({\dx*-2.1000},{\dy*-4.6261}) + -- ({\dx*-2.0800},{\dy*-5.8595}) + -- ({\dx*-2.0600},{\dy*-7.9258}) + -- ({\dx*-2.0400},{\dy*-12.0750}) + -- ({\dx*-2.0200},{\dy*-24.5571}) + -- ({\dx*-2.0190},{\dy*-25.8719})} +\def\gammafour{({\dx*-3.9950},{\dy*8.3966}) + -- ({\dx*-3.9800},{\dy*2.1484}) + -- ({\dx*-3.9600},{\dy*1.1091}) + -- ({\dx*-3.9400},{\dy*0.7643}) + -- ({\dx*-3.9200},{\dy*0.5933}) + -- ({\dx*-3.9000},{\dy*0.4919}) + -- ({\dx*-3.8800},{\dy*0.4253}) + -- ({\dx*-3.8600},{\dy*0.3788}) + -- ({\dx*-3.8400},{\dy*0.3448}) + -- ({\dx*-3.8200},{\dy*0.3192}) + -- ({\dx*-3.8000},{\dy*0.2996}) + -- ({\dx*-3.7800},{\dy*0.2845}) + -- ({\dx*-3.7600},{\dy*0.2727}) + -- ({\dx*-3.7400},{\dy*0.2636}) + -- ({\dx*-3.7200},{\dy*0.2567}) + -- ({\dx*-3.7000},{\dy*0.2516}) + -- ({\dx*-3.6800},{\dy*0.2481}) + -- ({\dx*-3.6600},{\dy*0.2460}) + -- ({\dx*-3.6400},{\dy*0.2452}) + -- ({\dx*-3.6200},{\dy*0.2455}) + -- ({\dx*-3.6000},{\dy*0.2469}) + -- ({\dx*-3.5800},{\dy*0.2493}) + -- ({\dx*-3.5600},{\dy*0.2529}) + -- ({\dx*-3.5400},{\dy*0.2575}) + -- ({\dx*-3.5200},{\dy*0.2632}) + -- ({\dx*-3.5000},{\dy*0.2701}) + -- ({\dx*-3.4800},{\dy*0.2782}) + -- ({\dx*-3.4600},{\dy*0.2877}) + -- ({\dx*-3.4400},{\dy*0.2987}) + -- ({\dx*-3.4200},{\dy*0.3114}) + -- ({\dx*-3.4000},{\dy*0.3259}) + -- ({\dx*-3.3800},{\dy*0.3425}) + -- ({\dx*-3.3600},{\dy*0.3617}) + -- ({\dx*-3.3400},{\dy*0.3837}) + -- ({\dx*-3.3200},{\dy*0.4091}) + -- ({\dx*-3.3000},{\dy*0.4385}) + -- ({\dx*-3.2800},{\dy*0.4729}) + -- ({\dx*-3.2600},{\dy*0.5133}) + -- ({\dx*-3.2400},{\dy*0.5613}) + -- ({\dx*-3.2200},{\dy*0.6189}) + -- ({\dx*-3.2000},{\dy*0.6891}) + -- ({\dx*-3.1800},{\dy*0.7759}) + -- ({\dx*-3.1600},{\dy*0.8858}) + -- ({\dx*-3.1400},{\dy*1.0286}) + -- ({\dx*-3.1200},{\dy*1.2209}) + -- ({\dx*-3.1000},{\dy*1.4923}) + -- ({\dx*-3.0800},{\dy*1.9024}) + -- ({\dx*-3.0600},{\dy*2.5901}) + -- ({\dx*-3.0400},{\dy*3.9720}) + -- ({\dx*-3.0200},{\dy*8.1315}) + -- ({\dx*-3.0050},{\dy*33.1259})} +\def\gammafive{({\dx*-4.9990},{\dy*-8.3476}) + -- ({\dx*-4.9800},{\dy*-0.4314}) + -- ({\dx*-4.9600},{\dy*-0.2236}) + -- ({\dx*-4.9400},{\dy*-0.1547}) + -- ({\dx*-4.9200},{\dy*-0.1206}) + -- ({\dx*-4.9000},{\dy*-0.1004}) + -- ({\dx*-4.8800},{\dy*-0.0872}) + -- ({\dx*-4.8600},{\dy*-0.0779}) + -- ({\dx*-4.8400},{\dy*-0.0712}) + -- ({\dx*-4.8200},{\dy*-0.0662}) + -- ({\dx*-4.8000},{\dy*-0.0624}) + -- ({\dx*-4.7800},{\dy*-0.0595}) + -- ({\dx*-4.7600},{\dy*-0.0573}) + -- ({\dx*-4.7400},{\dy*-0.0556}) + -- ({\dx*-4.7200},{\dy*-0.0544}) + -- ({\dx*-4.7000},{\dy*-0.0535}) + -- ({\dx*-4.6800},{\dy*-0.0530}) + -- ({\dx*-4.6600},{\dy*-0.0528}) + -- ({\dx*-4.6400},{\dy*-0.0528}) + -- ({\dx*-4.6200},{\dy*-0.0531}) + -- ({\dx*-4.6000},{\dy*-0.0537}) + -- ({\dx*-4.5800},{\dy*-0.0544}) + -- ({\dx*-4.5600},{\dy*-0.0555}) + -- ({\dx*-4.5400},{\dy*-0.0567}) + -- ({\dx*-4.5200},{\dy*-0.0582}) + -- ({\dx*-4.5000},{\dy*-0.0600}) + -- ({\dx*-4.4800},{\dy*-0.0621}) + -- ({\dx*-4.4600},{\dy*-0.0645}) + -- ({\dx*-4.4400},{\dy*-0.0673}) + -- ({\dx*-4.4200},{\dy*-0.0704}) + -- ({\dx*-4.4000},{\dy*-0.0741}) + -- ({\dx*-4.3800},{\dy*-0.0782}) + -- ({\dx*-4.3600},{\dy*-0.0830}) + -- ({\dx*-4.3400},{\dy*-0.0884}) + -- ({\dx*-4.3200},{\dy*-0.0947}) + -- ({\dx*-4.3000},{\dy*-0.1020}) + -- ({\dx*-4.2800},{\dy*-0.1105}) + -- ({\dx*-4.2600},{\dy*-0.1205}) + -- ({\dx*-4.2400},{\dy*-0.1324}) + -- ({\dx*-4.2200},{\dy*-0.1467}) + -- ({\dx*-4.2000},{\dy*-0.1641}) + -- ({\dx*-4.1800},{\dy*-0.1856}) + -- ({\dx*-4.1600},{\dy*-0.2129}) + -- ({\dx*-4.1400},{\dy*-0.2485}) + -- ({\dx*-4.1200},{\dy*-0.2963}) + -- ({\dx*-4.1000},{\dy*-0.3640}) + -- ({\dx*-4.0800},{\dy*-0.4663}) + -- ({\dx*-4.0600},{\dy*-0.6380}) + -- ({\dx*-4.0400},{\dy*-0.9832}) + -- ({\dx*-4.0200},{\dy*-2.0228}) + -- ({\dx*-4.0010},{\dy*-41.6040})} +\def\gammasix{({\dx*-5.9998},{\dy*6.9470}) + -- ({\dx*-5.9800},{\dy*0.0721}) + -- ({\dx*-5.9600},{\dy*0.0375}) + -- ({\dx*-5.9400},{\dy*0.0260}) + -- ({\dx*-5.9200},{\dy*0.0204}) + -- ({\dx*-5.9000},{\dy*0.0170}) + -- ({\dx*-5.8800},{\dy*0.0148}) + -- ({\dx*-5.8600},{\dy*0.0133}) + -- ({\dx*-5.8400},{\dy*0.0122}) + -- ({\dx*-5.8200},{\dy*0.0114}) + -- ({\dx*-5.8000},{\dy*0.0108}) + -- ({\dx*-5.7800},{\dy*0.0103}) + -- ({\dx*-5.7600},{\dy*0.0099}) + -- ({\dx*-5.7400},{\dy*0.0097}) + -- ({\dx*-5.7200},{\dy*0.0095}) + -- ({\dx*-5.7000},{\dy*0.0094}) + -- ({\dx*-5.6800},{\dy*0.0093}) + -- ({\dx*-5.6600},{\dy*0.0093}) + -- ({\dx*-5.6400},{\dy*0.0094}) + -- ({\dx*-5.6200},{\dy*0.0095}) + -- ({\dx*-5.6000},{\dy*0.0096}) + -- ({\dx*-5.5800},{\dy*0.0098}) + -- ({\dx*-5.5600},{\dy*0.0100}) + -- ({\dx*-5.5400},{\dy*0.0102}) + -- ({\dx*-5.5200},{\dy*0.0105}) + -- ({\dx*-5.5000},{\dy*0.0109}) + -- ({\dx*-5.4800},{\dy*0.0113}) + -- ({\dx*-5.4600},{\dy*0.0118}) + -- ({\dx*-5.4400},{\dy*0.0124}) + -- ({\dx*-5.4200},{\dy*0.0130}) + -- ({\dx*-5.4000},{\dy*0.0137}) + -- ({\dx*-5.3800},{\dy*0.0145}) + -- ({\dx*-5.3600},{\dy*0.0155}) + -- ({\dx*-5.3400},{\dy*0.0166}) + -- ({\dx*-5.3200},{\dy*0.0178}) + -- ({\dx*-5.3000},{\dy*0.0192}) + -- ({\dx*-5.2800},{\dy*0.0209}) + -- ({\dx*-5.2600},{\dy*0.0229}) + -- ({\dx*-5.2400},{\dy*0.0253}) + -- ({\dx*-5.2200},{\dy*0.0281}) + -- ({\dx*-5.2000},{\dy*0.0316}) + -- ({\dx*-5.1800},{\dy*0.0358}) + -- ({\dx*-5.1600},{\dy*0.0413}) + -- ({\dx*-5.1400},{\dy*0.0483}) + -- ({\dx*-5.1200},{\dy*0.0579}) + -- ({\dx*-5.1000},{\dy*0.0714}) + -- ({\dx*-5.0800},{\dy*0.0918}) + -- ({\dx*-5.0600},{\dy*0.1261}) + -- ({\dx*-5.0400},{\dy*0.1951}) + -- ({\dx*-5.0200},{\dy*0.4029}) + -- ({\dx*-5.0002},{\dy*41.6525})} +\def\gammasinplus{({\dx*0.0190},{\dy*52.1325}) + -- ({\dx*0.0200},{\dy*49.5050}) + -- ({\dx*0.0400},{\dy*24.5863}) + -- ({\dx*0.0600},{\dy*16.3331}) + -- ({\dx*0.0800},{\dy*12.2453}) + -- ({\dx*0.1000},{\dy*9.8225}) + -- ({\dx*0.1200},{\dy*8.2314}) + -- ({\dx*0.1400},{\dy*7.1145}) + -- ({\dx*0.1600},{\dy*6.2930}) + -- ({\dx*0.1800},{\dy*5.6676}) + -- ({\dx*0.2000},{\dy*5.1786}) + -- ({\dx*0.2200},{\dy*4.7879}) + -- ({\dx*0.2400},{\dy*4.4701}) + -- ({\dx*0.2600},{\dy*4.2074}) + -- ({\dx*0.2800},{\dy*3.9874}) + -- ({\dx*0.3000},{\dy*3.8006}) + -- ({\dx*0.3200},{\dy*3.6401}) + -- ({\dx*0.3400},{\dy*3.5005}) + -- ({\dx*0.3600},{\dy*3.3776}) + -- ({\dx*0.3800},{\dy*3.2680}) + -- ({\dx*0.4000},{\dy*3.1692}) + -- ({\dx*0.4200},{\dy*3.0790}) + -- ({\dx*0.4400},{\dy*2.9955}) + -- ({\dx*0.4600},{\dy*2.9173}) + -- ({\dx*0.4800},{\dy*2.8433}) + -- ({\dx*0.5000},{\dy*2.7725}) + -- ({\dx*0.5200},{\dy*2.7039}) + -- ({\dx*0.5400},{\dy*2.6369}) + -- ({\dx*0.5600},{\dy*2.5709}) + -- ({\dx*0.5800},{\dy*2.5055}) + -- ({\dx*0.6000},{\dy*2.4402}) + -- ({\dx*0.6200},{\dy*2.3748}) + -- ({\dx*0.6400},{\dy*2.3090}) + -- ({\dx*0.6600},{\dy*2.2425}) + -- ({\dx*0.6800},{\dy*2.1752}) + -- ({\dx*0.7000},{\dy*2.1071}) + -- ({\dx*0.7200},{\dy*2.0380}) + -- ({\dx*0.7400},{\dy*1.9679}) + -- ({\dx*0.7600},{\dy*1.8969}) + -- ({\dx*0.7800},{\dy*1.8249}) + -- ({\dx*0.8000},{\dy*1.7520}) + -- ({\dx*0.8200},{\dy*1.6783}) + -- ({\dx*0.8400},{\dy*1.6039}) + -- ({\dx*0.8600},{\dy*1.5289}) + -- ({\dx*0.8800},{\dy*1.4534}) + -- ({\dx*0.9000},{\dy*1.3776}) + -- ({\dx*0.9200},{\dy*1.3017}) + -- ({\dx*0.9400},{\dy*1.2258}) + -- ({\dx*0.9600},{\dy*1.1501}) + -- ({\dx*0.9800},{\dy*1.0747}) + -- ({\dx*1.0000},{\dy*1.0000}) + -- ({\dx*1.0200},{\dy*0.9261}) + -- ({\dx*1.0400},{\dy*0.8531}) + -- ({\dx*1.0600},{\dy*0.7814}) + -- ({\dx*1.0800},{\dy*0.7110}) + -- ({\dx*1.1000},{\dy*0.6423}) + -- ({\dx*1.1200},{\dy*0.5755}) + -- ({\dx*1.1400},{\dy*0.5106}) + -- ({\dx*1.1600},{\dy*0.4480}) + -- ({\dx*1.1800},{\dy*0.3879}) + -- ({\dx*1.2000},{\dy*0.3304}) + -- ({\dx*1.2200},{\dy*0.2757}) + -- ({\dx*1.2400},{\dy*0.2240}) + -- ({\dx*1.2600},{\dy*0.1754}) + -- ({\dx*1.2800},{\dy*0.1302}) + -- ({\dx*1.3000},{\dy*0.0885}) + -- ({\dx*1.3200},{\dy*0.0503}) + -- ({\dx*1.3400},{\dy*0.0159}) + -- ({\dx*1.3600},{\dy*-0.0146}) + -- ({\dx*1.3800},{\dy*-0.0412}) + -- ({\dx*1.4000},{\dy*-0.0638}) + -- ({\dx*1.4200},{\dy*-0.0822}) + -- ({\dx*1.4400},{\dy*-0.0965}) + -- ({\dx*1.4600},{\dy*-0.1065}) + -- ({\dx*1.4800},{\dy*-0.1123}) + -- ({\dx*1.5000},{\dy*-0.1138}) + -- ({\dx*1.5200},{\dy*-0.1110}) + -- ({\dx*1.5400},{\dy*-0.1039}) + -- ({\dx*1.5600},{\dy*-0.0926}) + -- ({\dx*1.5800},{\dy*-0.0772}) + -- ({\dx*1.6000},{\dy*-0.0575}) + -- ({\dx*1.6200},{\dy*-0.0339}) + -- ({\dx*1.6400},{\dy*-0.0062}) + -- ({\dx*1.6600},{\dy*0.0254}) + -- ({\dx*1.6800},{\dy*0.0607}) + -- ({\dx*1.7000},{\dy*0.0996}) + -- ({\dx*1.7200},{\dy*0.1421}) + -- ({\dx*1.7400},{\dy*0.1879}) + -- ({\dx*1.7600},{\dy*0.2368}) + -- ({\dx*1.7800},{\dy*0.2888}) + -- ({\dx*1.8000},{\dy*0.3436}) + -- ({\dx*1.8200},{\dy*0.4010}) + -- ({\dx*1.8400},{\dy*0.4609}) + -- ({\dx*1.8600},{\dy*0.5229}) + -- ({\dx*1.8800},{\dy*0.5869}) + -- ({\dx*1.9000},{\dy*0.6527}) + -- ({\dx*1.9200},{\dy*0.7201}) + -- ({\dx*1.9400},{\dy*0.7887}) + -- ({\dx*1.9600},{\dy*0.8584}) + -- ({\dx*1.9800},{\dy*0.9289}) + -- ({\dx*2.0000},{\dy*1.0000}) + -- ({\dx*2.0200},{\dy*1.0714}) + -- ({\dx*2.0400},{\dy*1.1429}) + -- ({\dx*2.0600},{\dy*1.2142}) + -- ({\dx*2.0800},{\dy*1.2852}) + -- ({\dx*2.1000},{\dy*1.3555}) + -- ({\dx*2.1200},{\dy*1.4249}) + -- ({\dx*2.1400},{\dy*1.4933}) + -- ({\dx*2.1600},{\dy*1.5603}) + -- ({\dx*2.1800},{\dy*1.6258}) + -- ({\dx*2.2000},{\dy*1.6896}) + -- ({\dx*2.2200},{\dy*1.7514}) + -- ({\dx*2.2400},{\dy*1.8111}) + -- ({\dx*2.2600},{\dy*1.8685}) + -- ({\dx*2.2800},{\dy*1.9234}) + -- ({\dx*2.3000},{\dy*1.9757}) + -- ({\dx*2.3200},{\dy*2.0253}) + -- ({\dx*2.3400},{\dy*2.0719}) + -- ({\dx*2.3600},{\dy*2.1155}) + -- ({\dx*2.3800},{\dy*2.1560}) + -- ({\dx*2.4000},{\dy*2.1932}) + -- ({\dx*2.4200},{\dy*2.2272}) + -- ({\dx*2.4400},{\dy*2.2578}) + -- ({\dx*2.4600},{\dy*2.2851}) + -- ({\dx*2.4800},{\dy*2.3089}) + -- ({\dx*2.5000},{\dy*2.3293}) + -- ({\dx*2.5200},{\dy*2.3463}) + -- ({\dx*2.5400},{\dy*2.3599}) + -- ({\dx*2.5600},{\dy*2.3701}) + -- ({\dx*2.5800},{\dy*2.3770}) + -- ({\dx*2.6000},{\dy*2.3807}) + -- ({\dx*2.6200},{\dy*2.3812}) + -- ({\dx*2.6400},{\dy*2.3786}) + -- ({\dx*2.6600},{\dy*2.3731}) + -- ({\dx*2.6800},{\dy*2.3647}) + -- ({\dx*2.7000},{\dy*2.3537}) + -- ({\dx*2.7200},{\dy*2.3402}) + -- ({\dx*2.7400},{\dy*2.3242}) + -- ({\dx*2.7600},{\dy*2.3062}) + -- ({\dx*2.7800},{\dy*2.2861}) + -- ({\dx*2.8000},{\dy*2.2643}) + -- ({\dx*2.8200},{\dy*2.2409}) + -- ({\dx*2.8400},{\dy*2.2162}) + -- ({\dx*2.8600},{\dy*2.1903}) + -- ({\dx*2.8800},{\dy*2.1637}) + -- ({\dx*2.9000},{\dy*2.1364}) + -- ({\dx*2.9200},{\dy*2.1087}) + -- ({\dx*2.9400},{\dy*2.0810}) + -- ({\dx*2.9600},{\dy*2.0535}) + -- ({\dx*2.9800},{\dy*2.0264}) + -- ({\dx*3.0000},{\dy*2.0000}) + -- ({\dx*3.0200},{\dy*1.9746}) + -- ({\dx*3.0400},{\dy*1.9505}) + -- ({\dx*3.0600},{\dy*1.9280}) + -- ({\dx*3.0800},{\dy*1.9072}) + -- ({\dx*3.1000},{\dy*1.8886}) + -- ({\dx*3.1200},{\dy*1.8723}) + -- ({\dx*3.1400},{\dy*1.8587}) + -- ({\dx*3.1600},{\dy*1.8480}) + -- ({\dx*3.1800},{\dy*1.8404}) + -- ({\dx*3.2000},{\dy*1.8362}) + -- ({\dx*3.2200},{\dy*1.8356}) + -- ({\dx*3.2400},{\dy*1.8390}) + -- ({\dx*3.2600},{\dy*1.8464}) + -- ({\dx*3.2800},{\dy*1.8581}) + -- ({\dx*3.3000},{\dy*1.8744}) + -- ({\dx*3.3200},{\dy*1.8954}) + -- ({\dx*3.3400},{\dy*1.9213}) + -- ({\dx*3.3600},{\dy*1.9523}) + -- ({\dx*3.3800},{\dy*1.9885}) + -- ({\dx*3.4000},{\dy*2.0301}) + -- ({\dx*3.4200},{\dy*2.0773}) + -- ({\dx*3.4400},{\dy*2.1301}) + -- ({\dx*3.4600},{\dy*2.1886}) + -- ({\dx*3.4800},{\dy*2.2530}) + -- ({\dx*3.5000},{\dy*2.3234}) + -- ({\dx*3.5200},{\dy*2.3997}) + -- ({\dx*3.5400},{\dy*2.4821}) + -- ({\dx*3.5600},{\dy*2.5706}) + -- ({\dx*3.5800},{\dy*2.6652}) + -- ({\dx*3.6000},{\dy*2.7660}) + -- ({\dx*3.6200},{\dy*2.8729}) + -- ({\dx*3.6400},{\dy*2.9859}) + -- ({\dx*3.6600},{\dy*3.1051}) + -- ({\dx*3.6800},{\dy*3.2303}) + -- ({\dx*3.7000},{\dy*3.3616}) + -- ({\dx*3.7200},{\dy*3.4989}) + -- ({\dx*3.7400},{\dy*3.6421}) + -- ({\dx*3.7600},{\dy*3.7911}) + -- ({\dx*3.7800},{\dy*3.9459}) + -- ({\dx*3.8000},{\dy*4.1064}) + -- ({\dx*3.8200},{\dy*4.2724}) + -- ({\dx*3.8400},{\dy*4.4440}) + -- ({\dx*3.8600},{\dy*4.6209}) + -- ({\dx*3.8800},{\dy*4.8030}) + -- ({\dx*3.9000},{\dy*4.9903}) + -- ({\dx*3.9200},{\dy*5.1826}) + -- ({\dx*3.9400},{\dy*5.3799}) + -- ({\dx*3.9600},{\dy*5.5819}) + -- ({\dx*3.9800},{\dy*5.7887}) + -- ({\dx*4.0000},{\dy*6.0000}) + -- ({\dx*4.0200},{\dy*6.2158}) + -- ({\dx*4.0400},{\dy*6.4359}) + -- ({\dx*4.0600},{\dy*6.6603}) + -- ({\dx*4.0800},{\dy*6.8889}) + -- ({\dx*4.0810},{\dy*6.9005})} +\def\gammasinone{({\dx*-0.9810},{\dy*-53.1410}) + -- ({\dx*-0.9800},{\dy*-50.5140}) + -- ({\dx*-0.9600},{\dy*-25.6055}) + -- ({\dx*-0.9400},{\dy*-17.3637}) + -- ({\dx*-0.9200},{\dy*-13.2884}) + -- ({\dx*-0.9000},{\dy*-10.8796}) + -- ({\dx*-0.8800},{\dy*-9.3036}) + -- ({\dx*-0.8600},{\dy*-8.2033}) + -- ({\dx*-0.8400},{\dy*-7.3999}) + -- ({\dx*-0.8200},{\dy*-6.7941}) + -- ({\dx*-0.8000},{\dy*-6.3263}) + -- ({\dx*-0.7800},{\dy*-5.9586}) + -- ({\dx*-0.7600},{\dy*-5.6655}) + -- ({\dx*-0.7400},{\dy*-5.4296}) + -- ({\dx*-0.7200},{\dy*-5.2384}) + -- ({\dx*-0.7000},{\dy*-5.0827}) + -- ({\dx*-0.6800},{\dy*-4.9557}) + -- ({\dx*-0.6600},{\dy*-4.8523}) + -- ({\dx*-0.6400},{\dy*-4.7685}) + -- ({\dx*-0.6200},{\dy*-4.7012}) + -- ({\dx*-0.6000},{\dy*-4.6480}) + -- ({\dx*-0.5800},{\dy*-4.6072}) + -- ({\dx*-0.5600},{\dy*-4.5773}) + -- ({\dx*-0.5400},{\dy*-4.5573}) + -- ({\dx*-0.5200},{\dy*-4.5467}) + -- ({\dx*-0.5000},{\dy*-4.5449}) + -- ({\dx*-0.4800},{\dy*-4.5519}) + -- ({\dx*-0.4600},{\dy*-4.5677}) + -- ({\dx*-0.4400},{\dy*-4.5928}) + -- ({\dx*-0.4200},{\dy*-4.6279}) + -- ({\dx*-0.4000},{\dy*-4.6740}) + -- ({\dx*-0.3800},{\dy*-4.7325}) + -- ({\dx*-0.3600},{\dy*-4.8052}) + -- ({\dx*-0.3400},{\dy*-4.8944}) + -- ({\dx*-0.3200},{\dy*-5.0033}) + -- ({\dx*-0.3000},{\dy*-5.1359}) + -- ({\dx*-0.2800},{\dy*-5.2972}) + -- ({\dx*-0.2600},{\dy*-5.4942}) + -- ({\dx*-0.2400},{\dy*-5.7359}) + -- ({\dx*-0.2200},{\dy*-6.0350}) + -- ({\dx*-0.2000},{\dy*-6.4089}) + -- ({\dx*-0.1800},{\dy*-6.8830}) + -- ({\dx*-0.1600},{\dy*-7.4952}) + -- ({\dx*-0.1400},{\dy*-8.3052}) + -- ({\dx*-0.1200},{\dy*-9.4124}) + -- ({\dx*-0.1000},{\dy*-10.9953}) + -- ({\dx*-0.0800},{\dy*-13.4114}) + -- ({\dx*-0.0600},{\dy*-17.4941}) + -- ({\dx*-0.0400},{\dy*-25.7436}) + -- ({\dx*-0.0200},{\dy*-50.6602}) + -- ({\dx*-0.0190},{\dy*-53.2876})} +\def\gammasintwo{({\dx*-1.9810},{\dy*26.8549}) + -- ({\dx*-1.9800},{\dy*25.5432}) + -- ({\dx*-1.9600},{\dy*13.1254}) + -- ({\dx*-1.9400},{\dy*9.0411}) + -- ({\dx*-1.9200},{\dy*7.0402}) + -- ({\dx*-1.9000},{\dy*5.8725}) + -- ({\dx*-1.8800},{\dy*5.1211}) + -- ({\dx*-1.8600},{\dy*4.6073}) + -- ({\dx*-1.8400},{\dy*4.2416}) + -- ({\dx*-1.8200},{\dy*3.9745}) + -- ({\dx*-1.8000},{\dy*3.7759}) + -- ({\dx*-1.7800},{\dy*3.6268}) + -- ({\dx*-1.7600},{\dy*3.5146}) + -- ({\dx*-1.7400},{\dy*3.4305}) + -- ({\dx*-1.7200},{\dy*3.3681}) + -- ({\dx*-1.7000},{\dy*3.3229}) + -- ({\dx*-1.6800},{\dy*3.2916}) + -- ({\dx*-1.6600},{\dy*3.2715}) + -- ({\dx*-1.6400},{\dy*3.2607}) + -- ({\dx*-1.6200},{\dy*3.2578}) + -- ({\dx*-1.6000},{\dy*3.2616}) + -- ({\dx*-1.5800},{\dy*3.2715}) + -- ({\dx*-1.5600},{\dy*3.2868}) + -- ({\dx*-1.5400},{\dy*3.3072}) + -- ({\dx*-1.5200},{\dy*3.3327}) + -- ({\dx*-1.5000},{\dy*3.3633}) + -- ({\dx*-1.4800},{\dy*3.3993}) + -- ({\dx*-1.4600},{\dy*3.4412}) + -- ({\dx*-1.4400},{\dy*3.4896}) + -- ({\dx*-1.4200},{\dy*3.5456}) + -- ({\dx*-1.4000},{\dy*3.6103}) + -- ({\dx*-1.3800},{\dy*3.6854}) + -- ({\dx*-1.3600},{\dy*3.7727}) + -- ({\dx*-1.3400},{\dy*3.8749}) + -- ({\dx*-1.3200},{\dy*3.9951}) + -- ({\dx*-1.3000},{\dy*4.1374}) + -- ({\dx*-1.2800},{\dy*4.3070}) + -- ({\dx*-1.2600},{\dy*4.5109}) + -- ({\dx*-1.2400},{\dy*4.7583}) + -- ({\dx*-1.2200},{\dy*5.0617}) + -- ({\dx*-1.2000},{\dy*5.4387}) + -- ({\dx*-1.1800},{\dy*5.9148}) + -- ({\dx*-1.1600},{\dy*6.5279}) + -- ({\dx*-1.1400},{\dy*7.3376}) + -- ({\dx*-1.1200},{\dy*8.4433}) + -- ({\dx*-1.1000},{\dy*10.0238}) + -- ({\dx*-1.0800},{\dy*12.4364}) + -- ({\dx*-1.0600},{\dy*16.5145}) + -- ({\dx*-1.0400},{\dy*24.7583}) + -- ({\dx*-1.0200},{\dy*49.6681}) + -- ({\dx*-1.0190},{\dy*52.2951})} +\def\gammasinthree{({\dx*-2.9810},{\dy*-9.0483}) + -- ({\dx*-2.9800},{\dy*-8.6133}) + -- ({\dx*-2.9600},{\dy*-4.5173}) + -- ({\dx*-2.9400},{\dy*-3.1989}) + -- ({\dx*-2.9200},{\dy*-2.5746}) + -- ({\dx*-2.9000},{\dy*-2.2274}) + -- ({\dx*-2.8800},{\dy*-2.0184}) + -- ({\dx*-2.8600},{\dy*-1.8878}) + -- ({\dx*-2.8400},{\dy*-1.8057}) + -- ({\dx*-2.8200},{\dy*-1.7552}) + -- ({\dx*-2.8000},{\dy*-1.7264}) + -- ({\dx*-2.7800},{\dy*-1.7127}) + -- ({\dx*-2.7600},{\dy*-1.7099}) + -- ({\dx*-2.7400},{\dy*-1.7149}) + -- ({\dx*-2.7200},{\dy*-1.7255}) + -- ({\dx*-2.7000},{\dy*-1.7401}) + -- ({\dx*-2.6800},{\dy*-1.7575}) + -- ({\dx*-2.6600},{\dy*-1.7768}) + -- ({\dx*-2.6400},{\dy*-1.7972}) + -- ({\dx*-2.6200},{\dy*-1.8183}) + -- ({\dx*-2.6000},{\dy*-1.8397}) + -- ({\dx*-2.5800},{\dy*-1.8612}) + -- ({\dx*-2.5600},{\dy*-1.8825}) + -- ({\dx*-2.5400},{\dy*-1.9036}) + -- ({\dx*-2.5200},{\dy*-1.9245}) + -- ({\dx*-2.5000},{\dy*-1.9453}) + -- ({\dx*-2.4800},{\dy*-1.9663}) + -- ({\dx*-2.4600},{\dy*-1.9877}) + -- ({\dx*-2.4400},{\dy*-2.0099}) + -- ({\dx*-2.4200},{\dy*-2.0335}) + -- ({\dx*-2.4000},{\dy*-2.0591}) + -- ({\dx*-2.3800},{\dy*-2.0876}) + -- ({\dx*-2.3600},{\dy*-2.1200}) + -- ({\dx*-2.3400},{\dy*-2.1578}) + -- ({\dx*-2.3200},{\dy*-2.2024}) + -- ({\dx*-2.3000},{\dy*-2.2561}) + -- ({\dx*-2.2800},{\dy*-2.3216}) + -- ({\dx*-2.2600},{\dy*-2.4024}) + -- ({\dx*-2.2400},{\dy*-2.5032}) + -- ({\dx*-2.2200},{\dy*-2.6303}) + -- ({\dx*-2.2000},{\dy*-2.7928}) + -- ({\dx*-2.1800},{\dy*-3.0032}) + -- ({\dx*-2.1600},{\dy*-3.2809}) + -- ({\dx*-2.1400},{\dy*-3.6556}) + -- ({\dx*-2.1200},{\dy*-4.1772}) + -- ({\dx*-2.1000},{\dy*-4.9351}) + -- ({\dx*-2.0800},{\dy*-6.1082}) + -- ({\dx*-2.0600},{\dy*-8.1132}) + -- ({\dx*-2.0400},{\dy*-12.2003}) + -- ({\dx*-2.0200},{\dy*-24.6199}) + -- ({\dx*-2.0190},{\dy*-25.9316})} +\def\gammasinfour{({\dx*-3.9950},{\dy*8.4124}) + -- ({\dx*-3.9800},{\dy*2.2112}) + -- ({\dx*-3.9600},{\dy*1.2344}) + -- ({\dx*-3.9400},{\dy*0.9517}) + -- ({\dx*-3.9200},{\dy*0.8420}) + -- ({\dx*-3.9000},{\dy*0.8009}) + -- ({\dx*-3.8800},{\dy*0.7935}) + -- ({\dx*-3.8600},{\dy*0.8045}) + -- ({\dx*-3.8400},{\dy*0.8265}) + -- ({\dx*-3.8200},{\dy*0.8550}) + -- ({\dx*-3.8000},{\dy*0.8874}) + -- ({\dx*-3.7800},{\dy*0.9219}) + -- ({\dx*-3.7600},{\dy*0.9573}) + -- ({\dx*-3.7400},{\dy*0.9926}) + -- ({\dx*-3.7200},{\dy*1.0272}) + -- ({\dx*-3.7000},{\dy*1.0607}) + -- ({\dx*-3.6800},{\dy*1.0925}) + -- ({\dx*-3.6600},{\dy*1.1223}) + -- ({\dx*-3.6400},{\dy*1.1500}) + -- ({\dx*-3.6200},{\dy*1.1752}) + -- ({\dx*-3.6000},{\dy*1.1979}) + -- ({\dx*-3.5800},{\dy*1.2179}) + -- ({\dx*-3.5600},{\dy*1.2351}) + -- ({\dx*-3.5400},{\dy*1.2496}) + -- ({\dx*-3.5200},{\dy*1.2612}) + -- ({\dx*-3.5000},{\dy*1.2701}) + -- ({\dx*-3.4800},{\dy*1.2763}) + -- ({\dx*-3.4600},{\dy*1.2798}) + -- ({\dx*-3.4400},{\dy*1.2810}) + -- ({\dx*-3.4200},{\dy*1.2800}) + -- ({\dx*-3.4000},{\dy*1.2769}) + -- ({\dx*-3.3800},{\dy*1.2723}) + -- ({\dx*-3.3600},{\dy*1.2665}) + -- ({\dx*-3.3400},{\dy*1.2600}) + -- ({\dx*-3.3200},{\dy*1.2534}) + -- ({\dx*-3.3000},{\dy*1.2475}) + -- ({\dx*-3.2800},{\dy*1.2434}) + -- ({\dx*-3.2600},{\dy*1.2423}) + -- ({\dx*-3.2400},{\dy*1.2458}) + -- ({\dx*-3.2200},{\dy*1.2563}) + -- ({\dx*-3.2000},{\dy*1.2768}) + -- ({\dx*-3.1800},{\dy*1.3117}) + -- ({\dx*-3.1600},{\dy*1.3676}) + -- ({\dx*-3.1400},{\dy*1.4544}) + -- ({\dx*-3.1200},{\dy*1.5890}) + -- ({\dx*-3.1000},{\dy*1.8013}) + -- ({\dx*-3.0800},{\dy*2.1511}) + -- ({\dx*-3.0600},{\dy*2.7775}) + -- ({\dx*-3.0400},{\dy*4.0974}) + -- ({\dx*-3.0200},{\dy*8.1943}) + -- ({\dx*-3.0050},{\dy*33.1416})} +\def\gammasinfive{({\dx*-4.9990},{\dy*-8.3507}) + -- ({\dx*-4.9800},{\dy*-0.4942}) + -- ({\dx*-4.9600},{\dy*-0.3489}) + -- ({\dx*-4.9400},{\dy*-0.3421}) + -- ({\dx*-4.9200},{\dy*-0.3693}) + -- ({\dx*-4.9000},{\dy*-0.4094}) + -- ({\dx*-4.8800},{\dy*-0.4553}) + -- ({\dx*-4.8600},{\dy*-0.5037}) + -- ({\dx*-4.8400},{\dy*-0.5530}) + -- ({\dx*-4.8200},{\dy*-0.6021}) + -- ({\dx*-4.8000},{\dy*-0.6502}) + -- ({\dx*-4.7800},{\dy*-0.6969}) + -- ({\dx*-4.7600},{\dy*-0.7418}) + -- ({\dx*-4.7400},{\dy*-0.7846}) + -- ({\dx*-4.7200},{\dy*-0.8249}) + -- ({\dx*-4.7000},{\dy*-0.8626}) + -- ({\dx*-4.6800},{\dy*-0.8973}) + -- ({\dx*-4.6600},{\dy*-0.9291}) + -- ({\dx*-4.6400},{\dy*-0.9577}) + -- ({\dx*-4.6200},{\dy*-0.9829}) + -- ({\dx*-4.6000},{\dy*-1.0047}) + -- ({\dx*-4.5800},{\dy*-1.0230}) + -- ({\dx*-4.5600},{\dy*-1.0377}) + -- ({\dx*-4.5400},{\dy*-1.0488}) + -- ({\dx*-4.5200},{\dy*-1.0563}) + -- ({\dx*-4.5000},{\dy*-1.0600}) + -- ({\dx*-4.4800},{\dy*-1.0601}) + -- ({\dx*-4.4600},{\dy*-1.0566}) + -- ({\dx*-4.4400},{\dy*-1.0496}) + -- ({\dx*-4.4200},{\dy*-1.0390}) + -- ({\dx*-4.4000},{\dy*-1.0251}) + -- ({\dx*-4.3800},{\dy*-1.0080}) + -- ({\dx*-4.3600},{\dy*-0.9878}) + -- ({\dx*-4.3400},{\dy*-0.9647}) + -- ({\dx*-4.3200},{\dy*-0.9390}) + -- ({\dx*-4.3000},{\dy*-0.9110}) + -- ({\dx*-4.2800},{\dy*-0.8810}) + -- ({\dx*-4.2600},{\dy*-0.8495}) + -- ({\dx*-4.2400},{\dy*-0.8169}) + -- ({\dx*-4.2200},{\dy*-0.7841}) + -- ({\dx*-4.2000},{\dy*-0.7518}) + -- ({\dx*-4.1800},{\dy*-0.7215}) + -- ({\dx*-4.1600},{\dy*-0.6947}) + -- ({\dx*-4.1400},{\dy*-0.6742}) + -- ({\dx*-4.1200},{\dy*-0.6644}) + -- ({\dx*-4.1000},{\dy*-0.6730}) + -- ({\dx*-4.0800},{\dy*-0.7150}) + -- ({\dx*-4.0600},{\dy*-0.8253}) + -- ({\dx*-4.0400},{\dy*-1.1085}) + -- ({\dx*-4.0200},{\dy*-2.0855}) + -- ({\dx*-4.0010},{\dy*-41.6072})} +\def\gammasinsix{({\dx*-5.9998},{\dy*6.9477}) + -- ({\dx*-5.9800},{\dy*0.1349}) + -- ({\dx*-5.9600},{\dy*0.1629}) + -- ({\dx*-5.9400},{\dy*0.2134}) + -- ({\dx*-5.9200},{\dy*0.2691}) + -- ({\dx*-5.9000},{\dy*0.3260}) + -- ({\dx*-5.8800},{\dy*0.3829}) + -- ({\dx*-5.8600},{\dy*0.4391}) + -- ({\dx*-5.8400},{\dy*0.4940}) + -- ({\dx*-5.8200},{\dy*0.5472}) + -- ({\dx*-5.8000},{\dy*0.5985}) + -- ({\dx*-5.7800},{\dy*0.6477}) + -- ({\dx*-5.7600},{\dy*0.6945}) + -- ({\dx*-5.7400},{\dy*0.7387}) + -- ({\dx*-5.7200},{\dy*0.7800}) + -- ({\dx*-5.7000},{\dy*0.8184}) + -- ({\dx*-5.6800},{\dy*0.8537}) + -- ({\dx*-5.6600},{\dy*0.8856}) + -- ({\dx*-5.6400},{\dy*0.9142}) + -- ({\dx*-5.6200},{\dy*0.9392}) + -- ({\dx*-5.6000},{\dy*0.9606}) + -- ({\dx*-5.5800},{\dy*0.9783}) + -- ({\dx*-5.5600},{\dy*0.9923}) + -- ({\dx*-5.5400},{\dy*1.0024}) + -- ({\dx*-5.5200},{\dy*1.0086}) + -- ({\dx*-5.5000},{\dy*1.0109}) + -- ({\dx*-5.4800},{\dy*1.0094}) + -- ({\dx*-5.4600},{\dy*1.0039}) + -- ({\dx*-5.4400},{\dy*0.9947}) + -- ({\dx*-5.4200},{\dy*0.9816}) + -- ({\dx*-5.4000},{\dy*0.9648}) + -- ({\dx*-5.3800},{\dy*0.9443}) + -- ({\dx*-5.3600},{\dy*0.9203}) + -- ({\dx*-5.3400},{\dy*0.8929}) + -- ({\dx*-5.3200},{\dy*0.8621}) + -- ({\dx*-5.3000},{\dy*0.8283}) + -- ({\dx*-5.2800},{\dy*0.7914}) + -- ({\dx*-5.2600},{\dy*0.7519}) + -- ({\dx*-5.2400},{\dy*0.7098}) + -- ({\dx*-5.2200},{\dy*0.6655}) + -- ({\dx*-5.2000},{\dy*0.6193}) + -- ({\dx*-5.1800},{\dy*0.5717}) + -- ({\dx*-5.1600},{\dy*0.5230}) + -- ({\dx*-5.1400},{\dy*0.4741}) + -- ({\dx*-5.1200},{\dy*0.4260}) + -- ({\dx*-5.1000},{\dy*0.3804}) + -- ({\dx*-5.0800},{\dy*0.3405}) + -- ({\dx*-5.0600},{\dy*0.3135}) + -- ({\dx*-5.0400},{\dy*0.3204}) + -- ({\dx*-5.0200},{\dy*0.4657}) + -- ({\dx*-5.0002},{\dy*41.6531})} diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/images/gammaplot.pdf b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/gammaplot.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c195f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/gammaplot.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/images/gammaplot.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/gammaplot.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a68f0a --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/gammaplot.tex @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +% +% gammaplot.tex -- template for standalon tikz images +% +% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule +% +\documentclass[tikz]{standalone} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{times} +\usepackage{txfonts} +\usepackage{pgfplots} +\usepackage{csvsimple} +\usetikzlibrary{arrows,intersections,math} +\input{gammapaths.tex} +\begin{document} +\def\skala{1} +\begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex,thick,scale=\skala] + +\definecolor{mainColor}{HTML}{D72864} % OST pink + +\draw[->] (-6.1,0) -- (5.3,0) coordinate[label={$z$}]; +\draw[->] (0,-5.1) -- (0,6.4) coordinate[label={right:$\Gamma(z)$}]; + +\foreach \x in {-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6}{ + \draw (\x,-0.1) -- (\x,0.1); + \draw[line width=0.1pt] (\x,-5) -- (\x,6.2); +} +\foreach \x in {1,2,3,4,5}{ + \draw (\x,-0.1) -- (\x,0.1); + \node at (\x,0) [below] {$\x$}; +} +\foreach \y in {-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,1,2,3,4,5,6}{ + \draw (-0.1,\y) -- (0.1,\y); +} +\foreach \y in {1,2,3,4,5,6}{ + \node at (0,\y) [left] {$\y$}; +} +\foreach \y in {-1,-2,-3,-4,-5}{ + \node at (0,\y) [right] {$\y$}; +} +\foreach \x in {-1,-3,-5}{ + \node at (\x,0) [below left] {$\x$}; +} +\foreach \x in {-2,-4,-6}{ + \node at (\x,0) [above left] {$\x$}; +} + +\def\dx{1} +\def\dy{1} + +\begin{scope} +\clip (-6.1,-5) rectangle (4.3,6.2); + +% \draw[color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] \gammasinplus; +% \draw[color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] \gammasinone; +% \draw[color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] \gammasintwo; +% \draw[color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] \gammasinthree; +% \draw[color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] \gammasinfour; +% \draw[color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] \gammasinfive; +% \draw[color=darkgreen,line width=1.4pt] \gammasinsix; + +\draw[color=mainColor,line width=1.4pt] \gammaplus; +\draw[color=mainColor,line width=1.4pt] \gammaone; +\draw[color=mainColor,line width=1.4pt] \gammatwo; +\draw[color=mainColor,line width=1.4pt] \gammathree; +\draw[color=mainColor,line width=1.4pt] \gammafour; +\draw[color=mainColor,line width=1.4pt] \gammafive; +\draw[color=mainColor,line width=1.4pt] \gammasix; + +\end{scope} + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{document} + diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/images/integrand.pdf b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/integrand.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..76be412 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/integrand.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/images/integrand_exp.pdf b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/integrand_exp.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5fe7a7b --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/images/integrand_exp.pdf diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/images/laguerre_poly.pdf 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a/buch/papers/laguerre/main.tex +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/main.tex @@ -8,7 +8,28 @@ \begin{refsection} \chapterauthor{Patrik Müller} -{\large \color{red} TODO: Einleitung} +{\parindent0pt Die} Laguerre\--Polynome, +benannt nach Edmond Laguerre (1834 -- 1886), +sind Lösungen der ebenfalls nach %Laguerre +ihm +benannten Differentialgleichung. +Laguerre entdeckte diese Polynome, als er Approximations\-methoden +für das Integral +% $\int_0^\infty \exp(-x) / x \, dx $ +\begin{align*} +\int_0^\infty \frac{e^{-x}}{x} \, dx +\end{align*} +suchte. +Darum möchten wir uns in diesem Kapitel, +ganz im Sinne des Entdeckers, +den Laguerre-Polynomen für Approximationen von Integralen mit +exponentiell abfallenden Funktionen widmen. +Namentlich werden wir versuchen, mittels Laguerre-Polynomen und +der Gauss-Quadratur eine geeignete Approximation für die Gamma-Funktion zu +finden. + +Laguerre-Polynome tauchen zudem auch in der Quantenmechanik im radialen Anteil +der Lösung für die Schrödinger-Gleichung eines Wasserstoffatoms auf. \input{papers/laguerre/definition} \input{papers/laguerre/eigenschaften} diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/packages.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/packages.tex index 4ebc172..a80d091 100644 --- a/buch/papers/laguerre/packages.tex +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/packages.tex @@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ % if your paper needs special packages, add package commands as in the % following example -\usepackage{derivative} +\DeclareMathOperator{\real}{Re}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/presentation.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/presentation.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3db69f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/presentation.tex @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +\documentclass[ngerman, aspectratio=169, xcolor={rgb}]{beamer} + +% style +\mode<presentation>{ + \usetheme{Frankfurt} +} +%packages +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2212}{-} +\usepackage[ngerman]{babel} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{array} + +\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}m{#1}} +\usepackage{ragged2e} + +\usepackage{bm} % bold math +\usepackage{amsfonts} +\usepackage{amssymb} +\usepackage{mathtools} +\usepackage{amsmath} +\usepackage{multirow} % multi row in tables +\usepackage{booktabs} %toprule midrule bottomrue in tables +\usepackage{scrextend} +\usepackage{textgreek} +\usepackage[rgb]{xcolor} + +\usepackage{ marvosym } % \Lightning + +\usepackage{multimedia} % embedded videos + +\usepackage{tikz} +\usepackage{pgf} +\usepackage{pgfplots} + +\usepackage{algorithmic} + +%citations +\usepackage[style=verbose,backend=biber]{biblatex} +\addbibresource{references.bib} + + +%math font +\usefonttheme[onlymath]{serif} + +%Beamer Template modifications +%\definecolor{mainColor}{HTML}{0065A3} % HSR blue +\definecolor{mainColor}{HTML}{D72864} % OST pink +\definecolor{invColor}{HTML}{28d79b} % OST pink +\definecolor{dgreen}{HTML}{38ad36} % Dark green + +%\definecolor{mainColor}{HTML}{000000} % HSR blue +\setbeamercolor{palette primary}{bg=white,fg=mainColor} +\setbeamercolor{palette secondary}{bg=orange,fg=mainColor} +\setbeamercolor{palette tertiary}{bg=yellow,fg=red} +\setbeamercolor{palette quaternary}{bg=mainColor,fg=white} %bg = Top bar, fg = active top bar topic +\setbeamercolor{structure}{fg=black} % itemize, enumerate, etc (bullet points) +\setbeamercolor{section in toc}{fg=black} % TOC sections +\setbeamertemplate{section in toc}[sections numbered] +\setbeamertemplate{subsection in toc}{% + \hspace{1.2em}{$\bullet$}~\inserttocsubsection\par} + +\setbeamertemplate{itemize items}[circle] +\setbeamertemplate{description item}[circle] +\setbeamertemplate{title page}[default][colsep=-4bp,rounded=true] +\beamertemplatenavigationsymbolsempty + +\setbeamercolor{footline}{fg=gray} +\setbeamertemplate{footline}{% + \hfill\usebeamertemplate***{navigation symbols} + \hspace{0.5cm} + \insertframenumber{}\hspace{0.2cm}\vspace{0.2cm} +} + +\usepackage{caption} +\captionsetup{labelformat=empty} + +%Title Page +\title{Laguerre-Polynome} +\subtitle{Anwendung: Approximation der Gamma-Funktion} +\author{Patrik Müller} +% \institute{OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule} +% \institute{\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{../img/ost_logo.png}} +\date{\today} + +\input{../packages.tex} + +\newcommand*{\QED}{\hfill\ensuremath{\blacksquare}}% + +\newcommand*{\HL}{\textcolor{mainColor}} +\newcommand*{\RD}{\textcolor{red}} +\newcommand*{\BL}{\textcolor{blue}} +\newcommand*{\GN}{\textcolor{dgreen}} + +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0} + + +\makeatletter +\newcount\my@repeat@count +\newcommand{\myrepeat}[2]{% + \begingroup + \my@repeat@count=\z@ + \@whilenum\my@repeat@count<#1\do{#2\advance\my@repeat@count\@ne}% + \endgroup +} +\makeatother + +\usetikzlibrary{automata,arrows,positioning,calc,shapes.geometric, fadings} + +\begin{document} + +\begin{frame} + \titlepage +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Inhaltsverzeichnis} + \tableofcontents +\end{frame} + +\input{sections/laguerre} + +\input{sections/gaussquad} + +\input{sections/gamma} + +\input{sections/gamma_approx} + +\appendix +\begin{frame} + % \centering + % \Large + % \textbf{Vielen Dank für die Aufmerksamkeit} +\end{frame} + +\end{document} diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/gamma.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/gamma.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7dca39b --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/gamma.tex @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +\section{Gamma-Funktion} + +\begin{frame}{Gamma-Funktion} +\begin{columns} + +\begin{column}{0.55\textwidth} +\begin{figure}[h] +\vspace{-16pt} +\centering +% \scalebox{0.51}{\input{../images/gammaplot.pdf}} +\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{../images/gammaplot.pdf} +% \caption{Gamma-Funktion} +\end{figure} +\end{column} + +\begin{column}{0.45\textwidth} +Verallgemeinerung der Fakultät +\begin{align*} +\Gamma(n) = (n-1)! +\end{align*} + +Integralformel +\begin{align*} +\Gamma(z) += +\int_0^\infty x^{z-1} e^{-x} \, dx +,\quad +\operatorname{Re} z > 0 +\end{align*} + +Funktionalgleichung +\begin{align*} +z \Gamma(z) += +\Gamma(z + 1) +\end{align*} + +Reflektionsformel +\begin{align*} +\Gamma(z) \Gamma(1 - z) += +\frac{\pi}{\sin \pi z} +, \quad +\text{für } +z \notin \mathbb{Z} +\end{align*} + +\end{column} +\end{columns} + +\end{frame}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/gamma_approx.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/gamma_approx.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5e1131 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/gamma_approx.tex @@ -0,0 +1,201 @@ +\section{Approximieren der Gamma-Funktion} + +\begin{frame}{Anwenden der Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur auf $\Gamma(z)$} + +\begin{align*} +\Gamma(z) + & = +\int_0^\infty x^{z-1} e^{-x} \, dx +\uncover<2->{ +\approx +\sum_{i=1}^{n} f(x_i) A_i +} +\uncover<3->{ += +\sum_{i=1}^{n} x^{z-1} A_i +} +\\\\ +\uncover<4->{ + & \text{wobei } +A_i = \frac{x_i}{(n+1)^2 \left[ L_{n+1}(x_i) \right]^2} +\text{ und $x_i$ die Nullstellen von $L_n(x)$} +} +\end{align*} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Fehlerabschätzung} +\begin{align*} +R_n(\xi) + & = +\frac{(n!)^2}{(2n)!} f^{(2n)}(\xi) +\\ + & = +(z - 2n)_{2n} \frac{(n!)^2}{(2n)!} \xi^{z - 2n - 1} +,\quad +0 < \xi < \infty +\end{align*} + +% \textbf{Probleme:} +\begin{itemize} +\item Funktion ist unbeschränkt +\item Maximum von $R_n$ gibt oberes Limit des Fehlers an +\uncover<2->{\item[$\Rightarrow$] Schwierig ein Maximum von $R_n(\xi)$ zu finden} +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Einfacher Ansatz} + +\begin{figure}[h] +\centering +% \scalebox{0.91}{\input{../images/rel_error_simple.pgf}} +% \resizebox{!}{0.72\textheight}{\input{../images/rel_error_simple.pgf}} +\includegraphics[width=0.77\textwidth]{../images/rel_error_simple.pdf} +\caption{Relativer Fehler des einfachen Ansatzes für verschiedene reelle Werte +von $z$ und Grade $n$ der Laguerre-Polynome} +\end{figure} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Wieso sind die Resultate so schlecht?} + +\textbf{Beobachtungen} +\begin{itemize} +\item Wenn $z \in \mathbb{Z}$ relativer Fehler $\rightarrow 0$ +\item Gewisse Periodizität zu erkennen +\item Für grosse und kleine $z$ ergibt sich ein schlechter relativer Fehler +\item Es gibt Intervalle $[a,a+1]$ mit minimalem relativem Fehler +\item $a$ ist abhängig von $n$ +\end{itemize} + +\uncover<2->{ +\textbf{Ursache?} +\begin{itemize} +\item Vermutung: Integrand ist problematisch +} +\uncover<3->{ +\item[$\Rightarrow$] Analysieren von $f(x)$ und dem Integranden +} +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{$f(x) = x^z$} +\begin{figure}[h] +\centering +% \scalebox{0.91}{\input{../images/integrand.pgf}} +\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{../images/integrand.pdf} +% \caption{Integrand $x^z$ mit unterschiedlichen Werten für $z$} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Integrand $x^z e^{-x}$} +\begin{figure}[h] +\centering +% \scalebox{0.91}{\input{../images/integrand_exp.pgf}} +\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{../images/integrand_exp.pdf} +% \caption{Integrand $x^z$ mit unterschiedlichen Werten für $z$} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Neuer Ansatz?} + +\textbf{Vermutung} +\begin{itemize} +\item Es gibt Intervalle $[a(n), a(n)+1]$ in denen der relative Fehler minimal +ist +\item $a(n) > 0$ +\end{itemize} + +\uncover<2->{ +\textbf{Idee} +\begin{itemize} +\item[$\Rightarrow$] Berechnen von $\Gamma(z)$ im geeigneten Intervall und dann +mit Funktionalgleichung zurückverschieben +\end{itemize} +} + +\uncover<3->{ +\textbf{Wie finden wir $\boldsymbol{a(n)}$?} +\begin{itemize} +\item Minimieren des Fehlerterms mit zusätzlichem Verschiebungsterm +} +\uncover<4->{$\Rightarrow$ Schwierig das Maximum des Fehlerterms zu bestimmen} +\uncover<5->{\item Empirisch $a(n)$ bestimmen} +\uncover<6->{$\Rightarrow$ Sinnvoll, +da Gauss-Quadratur nur für kleine $n$ praktischen Nutzen hat} +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Verschiebungsterm} +\begin{columns} +\begin{column}{0.625\textwidth} +\begin{figure}[h] +\centering +\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{../images/targets.pdf} +\caption{Optimaler Verschiebungsterm $m^*$ in Abhängigkeit von $z$ und $n$} +\end{figure} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.375\textwidth} +\begin{align*} +\Gamma(z) +\approx +\frac{1}{(z-m)_{m}} \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^{z + m - 1} A_i +\end{align*} +\end{column} +\end{columns} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Schätzen von $m^*$} +\begin{columns} +\begin{column}{0.65\textwidth} +\begin{figure} +\centering +\vspace{-12pt} +% \scalebox{0.7}{\input{../images/estimates.pgf}} +\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{../images/estimates.pdf} +% \caption{Integrand $x^z$ mit unterschiedlichen Werten für $z$} +\end{figure} +\end{column} +\begin{column}{0.34\textwidth} +\begin{align*} +\hat{m} +&= +\alpha n + \beta +\\ +&\approx +1.34154 n + 0.848786 +\\ +m^* +&= +\lceil \hat{m} - \operatorname{Re}z \rceil +\end{align*} +\end{column} +\end{columns} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{} +\begin{figure}[h] +\centering +% \scalebox{0.6}{\input{../images/rel_error_shifted.pgf}} +\includegraphics{../images/rel_error_shifted.pdf} +\caption{Relativer Fehler mit $n=8$, unterschiedlichen Verschiebungstermen $m$ und $z\in(0, 1)$} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{} +\begin{figure}[h] +\centering +% \scalebox{0.6}{\input{../images/rel_error_range.pgf}} +\includegraphics{../images/rel_error_range.pdf} +\caption{Relativer Fehler mit $n=8$, Verschiebungsterm $m^*$ und $z\in(-5, 5)$} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Vergleich mit Lanczos-Methode} +Maximaler relativer Fehler für $n=6$ +\begin{itemize} + \item Lanczos-Methode $< 10^{-12}$ + \item Unsere Methode $\approx 10^{-6}$ +\end{itemize} +\end{frame}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/gaussquad.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/gaussquad.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d973b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/gaussquad.tex @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +\section{Gauss-Quadratur} + +\begin{frame}{Gauss-Quadratur} +\textbf{Idee} +\begin{itemize}[<+->] +\item Polynome können viele Funktionen approximieren +\item Wenn Verfahren gut für Polynome funktioniert, +sollte es auch für andere Funktionen funktionieren +\item Integrieren eines Interpolationspolynom +\item Interpolationspolynom ist durch Funktionswerte $f(x_i)$ bestimmt +$\Rightarrow$ Integral kann durch Funktionswerte berechnet werden +\item Evaluation der Funktionswerte an geeigneten Stellen +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Gauss-Quadratur} +\begin{align*} +\int_{-1}^{1} f(x) \, dx +\approx +\sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i) A_i +\end{align*} + +\begin{itemize}[<+->] +\item Exakt für Polynome mit Grad $2n-1$ +\item Interpolationspolynome müssen orthogonal sein +\item Stützstellen $x_i$ sind Nullstellen des Polynoms +\item Fehler: +\begin{align*} +E += +\frac{f^{(2n)}(\xi)}{(2n)!} \int_{-1}^{1} l(x)^2 \, dx +,\quad +\text{wobei } +l(x) = \prod_{i=1}^n (x-x_i) +\end{align*} +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur} +\begin{itemize}[<+->] +\item Erweiterung des Integrationsintervall von $[-1, 1]$ auf $(a, b)$ +\item Hinzufügen einer Gewichtsfunktion +\item Bei uneigentlichen Integralen muss Gewichtsfunktion schneller als jedes +Integrationspolynom gegen $0$ gehen +\item[$\Rightarrow$] Für Laguerre-Polynome haben wir den Definitionsbereich +$(0, \infty)$ und die Gewichtsfunktion $w(x) = e^{-x}$ +\begin{align*} +\int_0^\infty & f(x) e^{-x} \, dx +\approx +\sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i) A_i +\\ + & \text{wobei } +A_i = \frac{x_i}{(n+1)^2 \left[ L_{n+1}(x_i) \right]^2} +\text{ und $x_i$ die Nullstellen von $L_n(x)$} +\end{align*} +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Fehler der Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur} +\begin{align*} +R_n += +\frac{(n!)^2}{(2n)!} f^{(2n)}(\xi) +,\quad +0 < \xi < \infty +\end{align*} +\end{frame}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/laguerre.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/laguerre.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f99214e --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/presentation/sections/laguerre.tex @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +\section{Laguerre-Polynome} + +\begin{frame}{Laguerre-Differentialgleichung} + +\begin{itemize} +\item Benannt nach Edmond Nicolas Laguerre (1834-1886) +\item Aus Artikel von 1879, +in dem er $\int_0^\infty \exp(-x)/x \, dx$ analysierte +\end{itemize} + +\begin{align*} +x y''(x) + (1 - x) y'(x) + n y(x) + & = +0 +, \quad +n \in \mathbb{N}_0 +, \quad +x \in \mathbb{R} +\end{align*} + +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Lösen der Differentialgleichung} + +\begin{align*} +x y''(x) + (1 - x) y'(x) + n y(x) + & = +0 +\\ +\end{align*} + +\uncover<2->{ +\centering +\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay] +%% use here too +\path[draw=mainColor, very thick,->](0, 1.1) to +node[anchor=west]{Potenzreihenansatz} (0, -0.8); +\end{tikzpicture} +} + +\begin{align*} +\uncover<3->{ +L_n(x) + & = +\sum_{k=0}^{n} \frac{(-1)^k}{k!} \binom{n}{k} x^k +} +\end{align*} +\uncover<4->{ +\begin{itemize} + \item Die Lösungen der DGL sind die Laguerre-Polynome +\end{itemize} +} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} +\begin{figure}[h] +\centering +% \resizebox{0.74\textwidth}{!}{\input{../images/laguerre_poly.pgf}} +\includegraphics[width=0.7\textwidth]{../images/laguerre_poly.pdf} +\caption{Laguerre-Polynome vom Grad $0$ bis $7$} +\end{figure} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Orthogonalität} +\begin{itemize}[<+->] +\item Beweis: Umformen in Sturm-Liouville-Problem (siehe Paper) +\begin{alignat*}{5} +((p(x) &y'(x)))' + q(x) &y(x) +&= +\lambda &w(x) &y(x) +\\ +((x e^{-x} &y'(x)))' + 0 &y(x) +&= +n &e^{-x} &y(x) +\end{alignat*} +\item Definitionsbereich $(0, \infty)$ +\item Gewichtsfunktion $w(x) = e^{-x}$ +\end{itemize} + +\uncover<4->{ +\begin{align*} +\int_0^\infty e^{-x} L_n(x) L_m(x) \, dx += +0 +,\quad +n \neq m +,\quad +n, m \in \mathbb{N} +\end{align*} +} +\end{frame}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/quadratur.tex b/buch/papers/laguerre/quadratur.tex index 60fad7f..0e32012 100644 --- a/buch/papers/laguerre/quadratur.tex +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/quadratur.tex @@ -3,37 +3,96 @@ % % (c) 2022 Patrik Müller, Ostschweizer Fachhochschule % -\section{Gauss-Quadratur +\section{Gauss-Quadratur% \label{laguerre:section:quadratur}} - {\large \color{red} TODO: Einleitung und kurze Beschreibung Gauss-Quadratur} +\rhead{Gauss-Quadratur}% +Die Gauss-Quadratur ist ein numerisches Integrationsverfahren, +welches die Eigenschaften von orthogonalen Polynomen verwendet. +Herleitungen und Analysen der Gauss-Quadratur können im +Abschnitt~\ref{buch:orthogonal:section:gauss-quadratur} gefunden werden. +Als grundlegende Idee wird die Beobachtung, +dass viele Funktionen sich gut mit Polynomen approximieren lassen, +verwendet. +Stellt man also sicher, +dass ein Verfahren gut für Polynome funktioniert, +sollte es auch für andere Funktionen angemessene Resultate liefern. +Es wird ein Interpolationspolynom verwendet, +welches an den Punkten $x_0 < x_1 < \ldots < x_n$ +die Funktionwerte~$f(x_i)$ annimmt. +Als Resultat kann das Integral via einer gewichteten Summe der Form \begin{align} -\int_a^b f(x) w(x) +\int_a^b f(x) w(x) \, dx \approx -\sum_{i=1}^N f(x_i) A_i +\sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i) A_i \label{laguerre:gaussquadratur} \end{align} +berechnet werden. +Die Gauss-Quadratur ist exakt für Polynome mit Grad $2n -1$, +wenn ein Interpolationspolynom von Grad $n$ gewählt wurde. -\subsection{Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur +\subsection{Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur% \label{laguerre:subsection:gausslag-quadratur}} -Die Gauss-Quadratur kann auch auf Skalarprodukte mit Gewichtsfunktionen -ausgeweitet werden. -In unserem Falle möchten wir die Gauss Quadratur auf die Laguerre-Polynome -$L_n$ ausweiten. -Diese sind orthogonal im Intervall $(0, \infty)$ bezüglich -der Gewichtsfunktion $e^{-x}$. -Gleichung~\eqref{laguerre:laguerrequadratur} lässt sich wiefolgt umformulieren: +Wir möchten nun die Gauss-Quadratur auf die Berechnung +von uneigentlichen Integralen erweitern, +spezifisch auf das Intervall~$(0, \infty)$. +Mit dem vorher beschriebenen Verfahren ist dies nicht direkt möglich. +% Mit einer Transformation +% \begin{align*} +% x +% = +% % a + +% \frac{1 - t}{t} +% \end{align*} +% die das unendliche Intervall~$(0, \infty)$ +% auf das Intervall~$[0, 1]$ transformiert, +% kann dies behoben werden. +% % Für unseren Fall gilt $a = 0$. +Das Integral eines Polynomes in diesem Intervall ist immer divergent. +Es ist also nötig, +den Integranden durch Funktionen zu approximieren, +die genügend schnell gegen $0$ gehen. +Man kann Polynome beliebigen Grades verwenden, +wenn sie mit einer Funktion multipliziert werden, +die schneller gegen $0$ geht als jedes Polynom. +Damit stellen wir sicher, +dass das Integral immer noch konvergiert. +% Darum müssen wir das Polynom mit einer Funktion multiplizieren, +% die schneller als jedes Polynom gegen $0$ geht, +% damit das Integral immer noch konvergiert. +Die Laguerre-Polynome $L_n$ schaffen hier Abhilfe, +da ihre Gewichtsfunktion $w(x) = e^{-x}$ schneller +gegen $0$ konvergiert als jedes Polynom. +% In unserem Falle möchten wir die Gauss Quadratur auf die Laguerre-Polynome +% $L_n$ ausweiten. +% Diese sind orthogonal im Intervall $(0, \infty)$ bezüglich +% der Gewichtsfunktion $e^{-x}$. +Um also das Integral einer Funktion $g(x)$ im Intervall~$(0,\infty)$ zu +berechen, +formt man das Integral wie folgt um: +\begin{align*} +\int_0^\infty g(x) \, dx += +\int_0^\infty f(x) e^{-x} \, dx +\end{align*} +Wir approximieren dann $f(x)$ durch ein Interpolationspolynom +wie bei der Gauss-Quadratur. +% Die Gleichung~\eqref{laguerre:gaussquadratur} lässt sich daher wie folgt +% umformulieren: +Die Gleichung~\eqref{laguerre:gaussquadratur} wird also +für die Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur zu \begin{align} \int_{0}^{\infty} f(x) e^{-x} dx \approx -\sum_{i=1}^{N} f(x_i) A_i +\sum_{i=1}^{n} f(x_i) A_i \label{laguerre:laguerrequadratur} +. \end{align} \subsubsection{Stützstellen und Gewichte} Nach der Definition der Gauss-Quadratur müssen als Stützstellen die Nullstellen -des verwendeten Polynoms genommen werden. -Das heisst für das Laguerre-Polynom $L_n$ müssen dessen Nullstellen $x_i$ und -als Gewichte $A_i$ werden die Integrale $l_i(x)e^{-x}$ verwendet werden. +des Approximationspolynoms genommen werden. +Für das Laguerre-Polynom $L_n(x)$ müssen demnach dessen Nullstellen $x_i$ und +als Gewichte $A_i$ die Integrale von $l_i(x) e^{-x}$ verwendet werden. Dabei sind \begin{align*} l_i(x_j) @@ -41,39 +100,117 @@ l_i(x_j) \delta_{ij} = \begin{cases} -1 & i=j \\ -0 & \text{sonst.} +1 & i=j \\ +0 & \text{sonst} \end{cases} +% . \end{align*} -Laut \cite{abramowitz+stegun} sind die Gewichte also -\begin{align} +die Lagrangeschen Interpolationspolynome. +Laut \cite{laguerre:hildebrand2013introduction} können die Gewichte mit +\begin{align*} +A_i + & = +-\frac{C_{n+1} \gamma_n}{C_n \phi'_n(x_i) \phi_{n+1} (x_i)} +\end{align*} +berechnet werden. +$C_i$ entspricht dabei dem Koeffizienten von $x^i$ +des orthogonalen Polynoms $\phi_n(x)$, $\forall i =0,\ldots,n$ und +\begin{align*} +\gamma_n += +\int_0^\infty w(x) \phi_n^2(x)\,dx +\end{align*} +dem Normalisierungsfaktor. + +Wir setzen nun $\phi_n(x) = L_n(x)$ und +nutzen den Vorzeichenwechsel der Laguerre-Koeffizienten +(ersichtlich am Term $(-1)^k$ in \eqref{laguerre:polynom}) +aus, +damit erhalten wir +\begin{align*} A_i + & = +-\frac{C_{n+1} \gamma_n}{C_n L'_n(x_i) L_{n+1} (x_i)} +\\ + & = \frac{C_n}{C_{n-1}} \frac{\gamma_{n-1}}{L_{n-1}(x_i) L'_n(x_i)} +. +\end{align*} +Für Laguerre-Polynome gilt +\begin{align*} +\frac{C_n}{C_{n-1}} = -\frac{x_i}{(n + 1)^2 \left[ L_{n + 1}(x_i)\right]^2} +-\frac{1}{n} +\quad \text{und} \quad +\gamma_n += +1 +. +\end{align*} +Daraus folgt +\begin{align} +A_i + & = +- \frac{1}{n L_{n-1}(x_i) L'_n(x_i)} +\label{laguerre:gewichte_lag_temp} +. +\end{align} +Nun kann die Rekursionseigenschaft der Laguerre-Polynome +\cite{laguerre:hildebrand2013introduction} +% (siehe \cite{laguerre:hildebrand2013introduction}) +\begin{align*} +x L'_n(x) + & = +n L_n(x) - n L_{n-1}(x) +\\ + & = (x - n - 1) L_n(x) + (n + 1) L_{n+1}(x) +\end{align*} +umgeformt werden und da $x_i$ die Nullstellen von $L_n(x)$ sind, +vereinfacht sich die Gleichung zu +\begin{align*} +x_i L'_n(x_i) + & = +- n L_{n-1}(x_i) +\\ + & = +(n + 1) L_{n+1}(x_i) +. +\end{align*} +Setzen wir diese Beziehung nun in \eqref{laguerre:gewichte_lag_temp} ein, +ergibt sich +\begin{align} +\nonumber +A_i + & = +\frac{1}{x_i \left[ L'_n(x_i) \right]^2} +\\ + & = +\frac{x_i}{(n+1)^2 \left[ L_{n+1}(x_i) \right]^2} . \label{laguerre:quadratur_gewichte} \end{align} \subsubsection{Fehlerterm} +Die Gauss-Laguerre-Quadratur mit $n$ Stützstellen berechnet Integrale +von Polynomen bis zum Grad $2n - 1$ exakt. +Für beliebige Funktionen kann eine Fehlerabschätzung angegeben werden. Der Fehlerterm $R_n$ folgt direkt aus der Approximation \begin{align*} -\int_0^{\infty} f(x) e^{-x} dx +\int_0^{\infty} f(x) e^{-x} \, dx = \sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i) A_i + R_n \end{align*} -un \cite{abramowitz+stegun} gibt in als +und \cite{laguerre:abramowitz+stegun} gibt ihn als \begin{align} R_n -= + & = +\frac{f^{(2n)}(\xi)}{(2n)!} \int_0^\infty l(x)^2 e^{-x}\,dx +\\ + & = \frac{(n!)^2}{(2n)!} f^{(2n)}(\xi) ,\quad 0 < \xi < \infty -\label{lagurre:lag_error} +\label{laguerre:lag_error} \end{align} an. - -{ -\large \color{red} -TODO: -Noch mehr Text / bessere Beschreibungen in allen Abschnitten -} +Der Fehler ist also abhängig von der $2n$-ten Ableitung +der zu integrierenden Funktion. diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/references.bib b/buch/papers/laguerre/references.bib index 6956ade..1a4a903 100644 --- a/buch/papers/laguerre/references.bib +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/references.bib @@ -3,13 +3,20 @@ % % (c) 2020 Autor, Hochschule Rapperswil % +@book{laguerre:hildebrand2013introduction, + title={Introduction to Numerical Analysis: Second Edition}, + author={Hildebrand, F.B.}, + isbn={9780486318554}, + series={Dover Books on Mathematics}, + year={2013}, + publisher={Dover Publications}, + pages = {389-392} +} -@book{abramowitz+stegun, +@book{laguerre:abramowitz+stegun, added-at = {2008-06-25T06:25:58.000+0200}, address = {New York}, author = {Abramowitz, Milton and Stegun, Irene A.}, - biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/223ec744709b3a776a1af0a3fd65cd09f/a_olympia}, - description = {BibTeX - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia}, edition = {ninth Dover printing, tenth GPO printing}, interhash = {d4914a420f489f7c5129ed01ec3cf80c}, intrahash = {23ec744709b3a776a1af0a3fd65cd09f}, @@ -19,4 +26,23 @@ timestamp = {2008-06-25T06:25:58.000+0200}, title = {Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables}, year = 1972 +} + +@article{laguerre:Cassity1965AbcissasCA, + title={Abcissas, coefficients, and error term for the generalized Gauss-Laguerre quadrature formula using the zero ordinate}, + author={C. Ronald Cassity}, + journal={Mathematics of Computation}, + year={1965}, + volume={19}, + pages={287-296} +} + +@online{laguerre:lanczos, + title = {Lanczos Approximation}, + author={Eric W. Weisstein}, + url = {https://mathworld.wolfram.com/LanczosApproximation.html}, + date = {2022-07-18}, + year = {2022}, + month = {7}, + day = {18} }
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/estimates.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/estimates.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1acd7f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/estimates.py @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +if __name__ == "__main__": + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + import numpy as np + + import gamma_approx as ga + import targets + + mpl.rcParams.update( + { + "mathtext.fontset": "stix", + "font.family": "serif", + "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes", + } + ) + + N = 200 + ns = np.arange(1, 13) + step = 1 / (N - 1) + x = np.linspace(step, 1 - step, N + 1) + + bests = targets.find_best_loc(N, ns=ns) + mean_m = np.mean(bests, -1) + + intercept, bias = np.polyfit(ns, mean_m, 1) + fig, axs = plt.subplots( + 2, num=1, sharex=True, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(4.5, 3.6) + ) + xl = np.array([ns[0] - 0.5, ns[-1] + 0.5]) + axs[0].plot(xl, intercept * xl + bias, label=r"$\hat{m}$") + axs[0].plot(ns, mean_m, "x", label=r"$\overline{m}$") + axs[1].plot( + ns, ((intercept * ns + bias) - mean_m), "-x", label=r"$\hat{m} - \overline{m}$" + ) + axs[0].set_xlim(*xl) + axs[0].set_xticks(ns) + axs[0].set_yticks(np.arange(np.floor(mean_m[0]), np.ceil(mean_m[-1]) + 0.1, 2)) + # axs[0].set_title("Schätzung von Mittelwert") + # axs[1].set_title("Fehler") + axs[-1].set_xlabel(r"$n$") + for ax in axs: + ax.grid(1) + ax.legend() + # fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/estimates.pgf") + fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/estimates.pdf") + + print(f"Intercept={intercept:.6g}, Bias={bias:.6g}") + predicts = np.ceil(intercept * ns[:, None] + bias - np.real(x)) + print(f"Error: {np.mean(np.abs(bests - predicts))}") diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/gamma_approx.ipynb b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/gamma_approx.ipynb deleted file mode 100644 index 44f3abd..0000000 --- a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/gamma_approx.ipynb +++ /dev/null @@ -1,395 +0,0 @@ -{ - "cells": [ - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "# Gauss-Laguerre Quadratur für die Gamma-Funktion\n", - "\n", - "$$\n", - " \\Gamma(z)\n", - " = \n", - " \\int_0^\\infty t^{z-1}e^{-t}dt\n", - "$$\n", - "\n", - "$$\n", - " \\int_0^\\infty f(x) e^{-x} dx \n", - " \\approx \n", - " \\sum_{i=1}^{N} f(x_i) w_i\n", - " \\qquad\\text{ wobei }\n", - " w_i = \\frac{x_i}{(n+1)^2 [L_{n+1}(x_i)]^2}\n", - "$$\n", - "und $x_i$ sind Nullstellen des Laguerre Polynoms $L_n(x)$\n", - "\n", - "Der Fehler ist gegeben als\n", - "\n", - "$$\n", - " E \n", - " =\n", - " \\frac{(n!)^2}{(2n)!} f^{(2n)}(\\xi) \n", - " = \n", - " \\frac{(-2n + z)_{2n}}{(z-m)_m} \\frac{(n!)^2}{(2n)!} \\xi^{z + m - 2n - 1}\n", - "$$" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "import numpy as np\n", - "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", - "from cmath import exp, pi, sin, sqrt\n", - "import scipy.special\n", - "\n", - "EPSILON = 1e-07\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "lanczos_p = [\n", - " 676.5203681218851,\n", - " -1259.1392167224028,\n", - " 771.32342877765313,\n", - " -176.61502916214059,\n", - " 12.507343278686905,\n", - " -0.13857109526572012,\n", - " 9.9843695780195716e-6,\n", - " 1.5056327351493116e-7,\n", - "]\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def drop_imag(z):\n", - " if abs(z.imag) <= EPSILON:\n", - " z = z.real\n", - " return z\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def lanczos_gamma(z):\n", - " z = complex(z)\n", - " if z.real < 0.5:\n", - " y = pi / (sin(pi * z) * lanczos_gamma(1 - z)) # Reflection formula\n", - " else:\n", - " z -= 1\n", - " x = 0.99999999999980993\n", - " for (i, pval) in enumerate(lanczos_p):\n", - " x += pval / (z + i + 1)\n", - " t = z + len(lanczos_p) - 0.5\n", - " y = sqrt(2 * pi) * t ** (z + 0.5) * exp(-t) * x\n", - " return drop_imag(y)\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "zeros, weights = np.polynomial.laguerre.laggauss(8)\n", - "# zeros = np.array(\n", - "# [\n", - "# 1.70279632305101000e-1,\n", - "# 9.03701776799379912e-1,\n", - "# 2.25108662986613069e0,\n", - "# 4.26670017028765879e0,\n", - "# 7.04590540239346570e0,\n", - "# 1.07585160101809952e1,\n", - "# 1.57406786412780046e1,\n", - "# 2.28631317368892641e1,\n", - "# ]\n", - "# )\n", - "\n", - "# weights = np.array(\n", - "# [\n", - "# 3.69188589341637530e-1,\n", - "# 4.18786780814342956e-1,\n", - "# 1.75794986637171806e-1,\n", - "# 3.33434922612156515e-2,\n", - "# 2.79453623522567252e-3,\n", - "# 9.07650877335821310e-5,\n", - "# 8.48574671627253154e-7,\n", - "# 1.04800117487151038e-9,\n", - "# ]\n", - "# )\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def pochhammer(z, n):\n", - " return np.prod(z + np.arange(n))\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def find_shift(z, target):\n", - " factor = 1.0\n", - " steps = int(np.floor(target - np.real(z)))\n", - " zs = z + steps\n", - " if steps > 0:\n", - " factor = 1 / pochhammer(z, steps)\n", - " elif steps < 0:\n", - " factor = pochhammer(zs, -steps)\n", - " return zs, factor\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def laguerre_gamma(z, x, w, target=11):\n", - " # res = 0.0\n", - " z = complex(z)\n", - " if z.real < 1e-3:\n", - " res = pi / (\n", - " sin(pi * z) * laguerre_gamma(1 - z, x, w, target)\n", - " ) # Reflection formula\n", - " else:\n", - " z_shifted, correction_factor = find_shift(z, target)\n", - " res = np.sum(x ** (z_shifted - 1) * w)\n", - " res *= correction_factor\n", - " res = drop_imag(res)\n", - " return res\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "def eval_laguerre(x, target=12):\n", - " return np.array([laguerre_gamma(xi, zeros, weights, target) for xi in x])\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def eval_lanczos(x):\n", - " return np.array([lanczos_gamma(xi) for xi in x])\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def eval_mean_laguerre(x, targets):\n", - " return np.mean([eval_laguerre(x, target) for target in targets], 0)\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def calc_rel_error(x, y):\n", - " return (y - x) / x\n", - "\n", - "\n", - "def evaluate(x, target=12):\n", - " lanczos_gammas = eval_lanczos(x)\n", - " laguerre_gammas = eval_laguerre(x, target)\n", - " rel_error = calc_rel_error(lanczos_gammas, laguerre_gammas)\n", - " return rel_error\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Test with real values" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "Empirische Tests zeigen:\n", - "- $n=4 \\Rightarrow m=6$\n", - "- $n=5 \\Rightarrow m=7$ oder $m=8$\n", - "- $n=6 \\Rightarrow m=9$\n", - "- $n=7 \\Rightarrow m=10$\n", - "- $n=8 \\Rightarrow m=11$ oder $m=12$\n", - "- $n=9 \\Rightarrow m=13$\n", - "- $n=10 \\Rightarrow m=14$\n", - "- $n=11 \\Rightarrow m=15$ oder $m=16$\n", - "- $n=12 \\Rightarrow m=17$\n", - "- $n=13 \\Rightarrow m=18 \\Rightarrow $ Beginnt numerisch instabil zu werden \n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "zeros, weights = np.polynomial.laguerre.laggauss(12)\n", - "targets = np.arange(16, 21)\n", - "mean_targets = ((16, 17),)\n", - "x = np.linspace(EPSILON, 1 - EPSILON, 101)\n", - "_, axs = plt.subplots(\n", - " 2, sharex=True, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(12, 12)\n", - ")\n", - "\n", - "lanczos = eval_lanczos(x)\n", - "for mean_target in mean_targets:\n", - " vals = eval_mean_laguerre(x, mean_target)\n", - " rel_error_mean = calc_rel_error(lanczos, vals)\n", - " axs[0].plot(x, rel_error_mean, label=mean_target)\n", - " axs[1].semilogy(x, np.abs(rel_error_mean), label=mean_target)\n", - "\n", - "mins = []\n", - "maxs = []\n", - "for target in targets:\n", - " rel_error = evaluate(x, target)\n", - " mins.append(np.min(np.abs(rel_error[(0.1 <= x) & (x <= 0.9)])))\n", - " maxs.append(np.max(np.abs(rel_error)))\n", - " axs[0].plot(x, rel_error, label=target)\n", - " axs[1].semilogy(x, np.abs(rel_error), label=target)\n", - "# axs[0].set_ylim(*(np.array([-1, 1]) * 3.5e-8))\n", - "\n", - "axs[0].set_xlim(x[0], x[-1])\n", - "axs[1].set_ylim(np.min(mins), 1.04*np.max(maxs))\n", - "for ax in axs:\n", - " ax.legend()\n", - " ax.grid(which=\"both\")\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "targets = (16, 17)\n", - "xmax = 15\n", - "x = np.linspace(-xmax + EPSILON, xmax - EPSILON, 1000)\n", - "\n", - "mean_lag = eval_mean_laguerre(x, targets)\n", - "lanczos = eval_lanczos(x)\n", - "rel_error = calc_rel_error(lanczos, mean_lag)\n", - "rel_error_simple = evaluate(x, targets[-1])\n", - "# rel_error = evaluate(x, target)\n", - "\n", - "_, axs = plt.subplots(\n", - " 2, sharex=True, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(12, 12)\n", - ")\n", - "axs[0].plot(x, rel_error, label=targets)\n", - "axs[1].semilogy(x, np.abs(rel_error), label=targets)\n", - "axs[0].plot(x, rel_error_simple, label=targets[-1])\n", - "axs[1].semilogy(x, np.abs(rel_error_simple), label=targets[-1])\n", - "axs[0].set_xlim(x[0], x[-1])\n", - "# axs[0].set_ylim(*(np.array([-1, 1]) * 4.2e-8))\n", - "# axs[1].set_ylim(1e-10, 5e-8)\n", - "for ax in axs:\n", - " ax.legend()\n", - "\n", - "x2 = np.linspace(-5 + EPSILON, 5, 4001)\n", - "_, ax = plt.subplots(constrained_layout=True, figsize=(8, 6))\n", - "ax.plot(x2, eval_mean_laguerre(x2, targets))\n", - "ax.set_xlim(x2[0], x2[-1])\n", - "ax.set_ylim(-7.5, 25)\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "markdown", - "metadata": {}, - "source": [ - "### Test with complex values" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "targets = (16, 17)\n", - "vals = np.linspace(-5 + EPSILON, 5, 100)\n", - "x, y = np.meshgrid(vals, vals)\n", - "mesh = x + 1j * y\n", - "input = mesh.flatten()\n", - "\n", - "mean_lag = eval_mean_laguerre(input, targets).reshape(mesh.shape)\n", - "lanczos = eval_lanczos(input).reshape(mesh.shape)\n", - "rel_error = np.abs(calc_rel_error(lanczos, mean_lag))\n", - "\n", - "lag = eval_laguerre(input, targets[-1]).reshape(mesh.shape)\n", - "rel_error_simple = np.abs(calc_rel_error(lanczos, lag))\n", - "# rel_error = evaluate(x, target)\n", - "\n", - "fig, axs = plt.subplots(\n", - " 2,\n", - " 2,\n", - " sharex=True,\n", - " sharey=True,\n", - " clear=True,\n", - " constrained_layout=True,\n", - " figsize=(12, 10),\n", - ")\n", - "_c = axs[0, 1].pcolormesh(x, y, np.log10(np.abs(lanczos - mean_lag)), shading=\"gouraud\")\n", - "_c = axs[0, 0].pcolormesh(x, y, np.log10(np.abs(lanczos - lag)), shading=\"gouraud\")\n", - "fig.colorbar(_c, ax=axs[0, :])\n", - "_c = axs[1, 1].pcolormesh(x, y, np.log10(rel_error), shading=\"gouraud\")\n", - "_c = axs[1, 0].pcolormesh(x, y, np.log10(rel_error_simple), shading=\"gouraud\")\n", - "fig.colorbar(_c, ax=axs[1, :])\n", - "_ = axs[0, 0].set_title(\"Absolute Error\")\n", - "_ = axs[1, 0].set_title(\"Relative Error\")\n" - ] - }, - { - "cell_type": "code", - "execution_count": null, - "metadata": {}, - "outputs": [], - "source": [ - "z = 0.5\n", - "ns = [4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12] # np.arange(4, 13)\n", - "ms = np.arange(6, 18)\n", - "xi = np.logspace(0, 2, 201)[:, None]\n", - "lanczos = eval_lanczos([z])[0]\n", - "\n", - "_, ax = plt.subplots(clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(12, 8))\n", - "ax.grid(1)\n", - "for n, m in zip(ns, ms):\n", - " zeros, weights = np.polynomial.laguerre.laggauss(n)\n", - " c = scipy.special.factorial(n) ** 2 / scipy.special.factorial(2 * n)\n", - " e = np.abs(\n", - " scipy.special.poch(z - 2 * n, 2 * n)\n", - " / scipy.special.poch(z - m, m)\n", - " * c\n", - " * xi ** (z - 2 * n + m - 1)\n", - " )\n", - " ez = np.sum(\n", - " scipy.special.poch(z - 2 * n, 2 * n)\n", - " / scipy.special.poch(z - m, m)\n", - " * c\n", - " * zeros[:, None] ** (z - 2 * n + m - 1),\n", - " 0,\n", - " )\n", - " lag = eval_laguerre([z], m)[0]\n", - " err = np.abs(lanczos - lag)\n", - " # print(m+z,ez)\n", - " # for zi,ezi in zip(z[0], ez):\n", - " # print(f\"{m+zi}: {ezi}\")\n", - " # ax.semilogy(xi, e, color=color)\n", - " lines = ax.loglog(xi, e, label=str(n))\n", - " ax.axhline(err, color=lines[0].get_color())\n", - " # ax.set_xticks(np.arange(xi[-1] + 1))\n", - " # ax.set_ylim(1e-8, 1e5)\n", - "_ = ax.legend()\n", - "# _ = ax.legend([f\"z={zi}\" for zi in z[0]])\n", - "# _ = [ax.axvline(x) for x in zeros]\n" - ] - } - ], - "metadata": { - "interpreter": { - "hash": "767d51c1340bd893661ea55ea3124f6de3c7a262a8b4abca0554b478b1e2ff90" - }, - "kernelspec": { - "display_name": "Python 3.8.10 64-bit", - "language": "python", - "name": "python3" - }, - "language_info": { - "codemirror_mode": { - "name": "ipython", - "version": 3 - }, - "file_extension": ".py", - "mimetype": "text/x-python", - "name": "python", - "nbconvert_exporter": "python", - "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", - "version": "3.8.10" - }, - "orig_nbformat": 4 - }, - "nbformat": 4, - "nbformat_minor": 2 -} diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/gamma_approx.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/gamma_approx.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b09e59 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/gamma_approx.py @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +from pathlib import Path + +import numpy as np +import scipy.special + +EPSILON = 1e-7 +root = str(Path(__file__).parent) +img_path = f"{root}/../images" +fontsize = "medium" +cmap = "plasma" + + +def _prep_zeros_and_weights(x, w, n): + if x is None or w is None: + return np.polynomial.laguerre.laggauss(n) + return x, w + + +def drop_imag(z): + if abs(z.imag) <= EPSILON: + z = z.real + return z + + +def pochhammer(z, n): + return np.prod(z + np.arange(n)) + + +def find_optimal_shift(z, n): + mhat = 1.34093 * n + 0.854093 + steps = int(np.floor(mhat - np.real(z))) + return steps + + +def get_shifting_factor(z, steps): + factor = 1.0 + if steps > 0: + factor = 1 / pochhammer(z, steps) + elif steps < 0: + factor = pochhammer(z + steps, -steps) + return factor + + +def laguerre_gamma_shifted(z, x=None, w=None, n=8, target=11): + x, w = _prep_zeros_and_weights(x, w, n) + n = len(x) + + z += 0j + steps = int(np.floor(target - np.real(z))) + z_shifted = z + steps + correction_factor = get_shifting_factor(z, steps) + + res = np.sum(x ** (z_shifted - 1) * w) + res *= correction_factor + res = drop_imag(res) + return res + + +def laguerre_gamma_opt_shifted(z, x=None, w=None, n=8): + if z == 0.0: + return np.infty + x, w = _prep_zeros_and_weights(x, w, n) + n = len(x) + + z += 0j + opt_shift = find_optimal_shift(z, n) + correction_factor = get_shifting_factor(z, opt_shift) + z_shifted = z + opt_shift + + res = np.sum(x ** (z_shifted - 1) * w) + res *= correction_factor + res = drop_imag(res) + return res + + +def laguerre_gamma_simple(z, x=None, w=None, n=8): + if z == 0.0: + return np.infty + x, w = _prep_zeros_and_weights(x, w, n) + z += 0j + res = np.sum(x ** (z - 1) * w) + res = drop_imag(res) + return res + + +def laguerre_gamma_mirror(z, x=None, w=None, n=8): + if z == 0.0: + return np.infty + x, w = _prep_zeros_and_weights(x, w, n) + z += 0j + if z.real < 1e-3: + return np.pi / ( + np.sin(np.pi * z) * laguerre_gamma_simple(1 - z, x, w) + ) # Reflection formula + return laguerre_gamma_simple(z, x, w) + + +def eval_laguerre_gamma(z, x=None, w=None, n=8, func="simple", **kwargs): + x, w = _prep_zeros_and_weights(x, w, n) + if func == "simple": + f = laguerre_gamma_simple + elif func == "mirror": + f = laguerre_gamma_mirror + elif func == "optimal_shifted": + f = laguerre_gamma_opt_shifted + else: + f = laguerre_gamma_shifted + return np.array([f(zi, x, w, n, **kwargs) for zi in z]) + + +def calc_rel_error(x, y): + mask = np.abs(x) != np.infty + rel_error = np.zeros_like(y) + rel_error[mask] = (y[mask] - x[mask]) / x[mask] + rel_error[~mask] = 0.0 + return rel_error diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/integrand.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/integrand.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e970721 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/integrand.py @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- +"""Plot for integrand of gamma function with shifting terms.""" + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import os + from pathlib import Path + + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + import numpy as np + + mpl.rcParams.update( + { + "mathtext.fontset": "stix", + "font.family": "serif", + "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes", + } + ) + + EPSILON = 1e-12 + xlims = np.array([-3, 3]) + + root = str(Path(__file__).parent) + img_path = f"{root}/../images" + os.makedirs(img_path, exist_ok=True) + + t = np.logspace(*xlims, 1001)[:, None] + + z = np.array([-4.5, -2, -1, -0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4.5]) + r = t ** z + + fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(4, 2.4)) + ax.semilogx(t, r) + ax.set_xlim(*(10.0 ** xlims)) + ax.set_ylim(1e-3, 40) + ax.set_xlabel(r"$x$") + # ax.set_ylabel(r"$x^z$") + ax.grid(1, "both") + labels = [f"$z={zi: 3.1f}$" for zi in np.squeeze(z)] + ax.legend(labels, ncol=2, loc="upper left", fontsize="small") + fig.savefig(f"{img_path}/integrand.pdf") diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/integrand_exp.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/integrand_exp.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e649b26 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/integrand_exp.py @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 +# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- +"""Plot for integrand of gamma function with shifting terms.""" + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import os + from pathlib import Path + + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + import numpy as np + + mpl.rcParams.update( + { + "mathtext.fontset": "stix", + "font.family": "serif", + "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes", + } + ) + + EPSILON = 1e-12 + xlims = np.array([-3, 3]) + + root = str(Path(__file__).parent) + img_path = f"{root}/../images" + os.makedirs(img_path, exist_ok=True) + + t = np.logspace(*xlims, 1001)[:, None] + + z = np.array([-1, -0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5]) + e = np.exp(-t) + r = t ** z * e + + fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=2, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(4, 2.4)) + ax.semilogx(t, r) + # ax.plot(t,np.exp(-t)) + ax.set_xlim(10 ** (-2), 20) + ax.set_ylim(1e-3, 10) + ax.set_xlabel(r"$x$") + # ax.set_ylabel(r"$x^z e^{-x}$") + ax.grid(1, "both") + labels = [f"$z={zi: 3.1f}$" for zi in np.squeeze(z)] + ax.legend(labels, ncol=2, loc="upper left", fontsize="small") + # fig.savefig(f"{img_path}/integrand_exp.pgf") + fig.savefig(f"{img_path}/integrand_exp.pdf") + # plt.show() diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/laguerre_plot.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/laguerre_plot.py deleted file mode 100644 index b9088d0..0000000 --- a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/laguerre_plot.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,100 +0,0 @@ -#!/usr/bin/env python3 -# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- -"""Some plots for Laguerre Polynomials.""" - -import os -from pathlib import Path - -import matplotlib.pyplot as plt -import numpy as np -import scipy.special as ss - - -def get_ticks(start, end, step=1): - ticks = np.arange(start, end, step) - return ticks[ticks != 0] - - -N = 1000 -step = 5 -t = np.linspace(-1.05, 10.5, N)[:, None] -root = str(Path(__file__).parent) -img_path = f"{root}/../images" -os.makedirs(img_path, exist_ok=True) - - -# fig = plt.figure(num=1, clear=True, tight_layout=True, figsize=(5.5, 3.7)) -# ax = fig.add_subplot(axes_class=AxesZero) -fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(6, 4)) -for n in np.arange(0, 8): - k = np.arange(0, n + 1)[None] - L = np.sum((-1) ** k * ss.binom(n, k) / ss.factorial(k) * t ** k, -1) - ax.plot(t, L, label=f"n={n}") - -ax.set_xticks(get_ticks(int(t[0]), t[-1]), minor=True) -ax.set_xticks(get_ticks(0, t[-1], step)) -ax.set_xlim(t[0], t[-1] + 0.1 * (t[1] - t[0])) -ax.set_xlabel(r"$x$", x=1.0, labelpad=-10, rotation=0, fontsize="large") - -ylim = 13 -ax.set_yticks(np.arange(-ylim, ylim), minor=True) -ax.set_yticks(np.arange(-step * (ylim // step), ylim, step)) -ax.set_ylim(-ylim, ylim) -ax.set_ylabel(r"$y$", y=0.95, labelpad=-18, rotation=0, fontsize="large") - -ax.legend(ncol=2, loc=(0.125, 0.01), fontsize="large") - -# set the x-spine -ax.spines[["left", "bottom"]].set_position("zero") -ax.spines[["right", "top"]].set_visible(False) -ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position("bottom") -hlx = 0.4 -dx = t[-1, 0] - t[0, 0] -dy = 2 * ylim -hly = dy / dx * hlx -dps = fig.dpi_scale_trans.inverted() -bbox = ax.get_window_extent().transformed(dps) -width, height = bbox.width, bbox.height - -# manual arrowhead width and length -hw = 1.0 / 60.0 * dy -hl = 1.0 / 30.0 * dx -lw = 0.5 # axis line width -ohg = 0.0 # arrow overhang - -# compute matching arrowhead length and width -yhw = hw / dy * dx * height / width -yhl = hl / dx * dy * width / height - -# draw x and y axis -ax.arrow( - t[-1, 0] - hl, - 0, - hl, - 0.0, - fc="k", - ec="k", - lw=lw, - head_width=hw, - head_length=hl, - overhang=ohg, - length_includes_head=True, - clip_on=False, -) - -ax.arrow( - 0, - ylim - yhl, - 0.0, - yhl, - fc="k", - ec="k", - lw=lw, - head_width=yhw, - head_length=yhl, - overhang=ohg, - length_includes_head=True, - clip_on=False, -) - -fig.savefig(f"{img_path}/laguerre_polynomes.pdf") diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/laguerre_poly.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/laguerre_poly.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..05db5d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/laguerre_poly.py @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +import numpy as np + + +def get_ticks(start, end, step=1): + ticks = np.arange(start, end, step) + return ticks[ticks != 0] + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import os + from pathlib import Path + + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + import scipy.special as ss + + mpl.rcParams.update( + { + "mathtext.fontset": "stix", + "font.family": "serif", + "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes", + } + ) + + N = 1000 + step = 5 + t = np.linspace(-1.05, 10.5, N)[:, None] + root = str(Path(__file__).parent) + img_path = f"{root}/../images" + os.makedirs(img_path, exist_ok=True) + + # fig = plt.figure(num=1, clear=True, tight_layout=True, figsize=(5.5, 3.7)) + # ax = fig.add_subplot(axes_class=AxesZero) + fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(6, 4)) + for n in np.arange(0, 8): + k = np.arange(0, n + 1)[None] + L = np.sum((-1) ** k * ss.binom(n, k) / ss.factorial(k) * t ** k, -1) + ax.plot(t, L, label=f"$n={n}$") + + ax.set_xticks(get_ticks(int(t[0]), t[-1]), minor=True) + ax.set_xticks(get_ticks(0, t[-1], step)) + ax.set_xlim(t[0], t[-1] + 0.1 * (t[1] - t[0])) + ax.set_xlabel(r"$x$", x=1.0, labelpad=-10, rotation=0, fontsize="large") + + ylim = 13 + ax.set_yticks(get_ticks(-ylim, ylim), minor=True) + ax.set_yticks(get_ticks(-step * (ylim // step), ylim, step)) + ax.set_ylim(-ylim, ylim) + ax.set_ylabel(r"$y$", y=0.95, labelpad=-14, rotation=0, fontsize="large") + + ax.legend(ncol=2, loc=(0.125, 0.01), fontsize="large") + + # set the x-spine + ax.spines[["left", "bottom"]].set_position("zero") + ax.spines[["right", "top"]].set_visible(False) + ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position("bottom") + hlx = 0.4 + dx = t[-1, 0] - t[0, 0] + dy = 2 * ylim + hly = dy / dx * hlx + dps = fig.dpi_scale_trans.inverted() + bbox = ax.get_window_extent().transformed(dps) + width, height = bbox.width, bbox.height + + # manual arrowhead width and length + hw = 1.0 / 60.0 * dy + hl = 1.0 / 30.0 * dx + lw = 0.5 # axis line width + ohg = 0.0 # arrow overhang + + # compute matching arrowhead length and width + yhw = hw / dy * dx * height / width + yhl = hl / dx * dy * width / height + + # draw x and y axis + ax.arrow( + t[-1, 0] - hl, + 0, + hl, + 0.0, + fc="k", + ec="k", + lw=lw, + head_width=hw, + head_length=hl, + overhang=ohg, + length_includes_head=True, + clip_on=False, + ) + + ax.arrow( + 0, + ylim - yhl, + 0.0, + yhl, + fc="k", + ec="k", + lw=lw, + head_width=yhw, + head_length=yhl, + overhang=ohg, + length_includes_head=True, + clip_on=False, + ) + + # fig.savefig(f"{img_path}/laguerre_poly.pgf") + fig.savefig(f"{img_path}/laguerre_poly.pdf") + # plt.show() diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_complex.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_complex.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a714fa --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_complex.py @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +if __name__ == "__main__": + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + import numpy as np + import scipy.special + + import gamma_approx as ga + + mpl.rcParams.update( + { + "mathtext.fontset": "stix", + "font.family": "serif", + "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes", + } + ) + + xmax = 4 + vals = np.linspace(-xmax + ga.EPSILON, xmax, 100) + x, y = np.meshgrid(vals, vals) + mesh = x + 1j * y + input = mesh.flatten() + + lanczos = scipy.special.gamma(mesh) + lag = ga.eval_laguerre_gamma(input, n=8, func="optimal_shifted").reshape(mesh.shape) + rel_error = np.abs(ga.calc_rel_error(lanczos, lag)) + + fig, ax = plt.subplots(clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(3.5, 2.1)) + _c = ax.pcolormesh( + x, y, rel_error, shading="gouraud", cmap=ga.cmap, norm=mpl.colors.LogNorm() + ) + cbr = fig.colorbar(_c, ax=ax) + cbr.minorticks_off() + # ax.set_title("Relative Error") + ax.set_xlabel("Re($z$)") + ax.set_ylabel("Im($z$)") + minor_ticks = np.arange(-xmax, xmax + ga.EPSILON) + ticks = np.arange(-xmax, xmax + ga.EPSILON, 2) + ax.set_xticks(ticks) + ax.set_xticks(minor_ticks, minor=True) + ax.set_yticks(ticks) + ax.set_yticks(minor_ticks, minor=True) + fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/rel_error_complex.pdf") + # plt.show() diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_mirror.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_mirror.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7348d5e --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_mirror.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +if __name__ == "__main__": + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + import numpy as np + import scipy.special + + import gamma_approx as ga + + mpl.rcParams.update( + { + "mathtext.fontset": "stix", + "font.family": "serif", + "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes", + } + ) + + xmin = -15 + xmax = 15 + ns = np.arange(2, 12, 2) + ylim = np.array([-11, 1]) + x = np.linspace(xmin + ga.EPSILON, xmax - ga.EPSILON, 400) + gamma = scipy.special.gamma(x) + fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(5, 2.5)) + for n in ns: + gamma_lag = ga.eval_laguerre_gamma(x, n=n, func="mirror") + rel_err = ga.calc_rel_error(gamma, gamma_lag) + ax.semilogy(x, np.abs(rel_err), label=f"$n={n}$") + ax.set_xlim(x[0], x[-1]) + ax.set_ylim(*(10.0 ** ylim)) + ax.set_xticks(np.arange(xmin, xmax + ga.EPSILON, 5)) + ax.set_xticks(np.arange(xmin, xmax), minor=True) + ax.set_yticks(10.0 ** np.arange(*ylim, 2)) + ax.set_xlabel(r"$z$") + # ax.set_ylabel("Relativer Fehler") + ax.legend(ncol=1, loc="upper left", fontsize=ga.fontsize) + ax.grid(1, "both") + # fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/rel_error_mirror.pgf") + fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/rel_error_mirror.pdf") diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_range.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_range.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ece3b6d --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_range.py @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +if __name__ == "__main__": + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + import numpy as np + import scipy.special + + import gamma_approx as ga + + mpl.rcParams.update( + { + "mathtext.fontset": "stix", + "font.family": "serif", + "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes", + } + ) + N = 1201 + xmax = 6 + xmin = -xmax + ns = np.arange(2, 12, 2) + ylim = np.array([-11, -1.2]) + + x = np.linspace(xmin + ga.EPSILON, xmax - ga.EPSILON, N) + gamma = scipy.special.gamma(x) + fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(5, 2)) + for n in ns: + gamma_lag = ga.eval_laguerre_gamma(x, n=n, func="optimal_shifted") + rel_err = ga.calc_rel_error(gamma, gamma_lag) + ax.semilogy(x, np.abs(rel_err), label=f"$n={n}$") + ax.set_xlim(x[0], x[-1]) + ax.set_ylim(*(10.0 ** ylim)) + ax.set_xticks(np.arange(xmin, xmax + ga.EPSILON, 2)) + ax.set_xticks(np.arange(xmin, xmax + ga.EPSILON), minor=True) + ax.set_yticks(10.0 ** np.arange(*ylim, 2)) + ax.set_yticks(10.0 ** np.arange(*ylim, 1), "", minor=True) + ax.set_xlabel(r"$z$") + # ax.set_ylabel("Relativer Fehler") + ax.legend(ncol=1, loc="upper left", fontsize=ga.fontsize) + ax.grid(1, "both") + # fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/rel_error_range.pgf") + fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/rel_error_range.pdf") + # plt.show() diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_shifted.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_shifted.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f53c89b --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_shifted.py @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +if __name__ == "__main__": + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + import numpy as np + import scipy.special + + import gamma_approx as ga + + mpl.rcParams.update( + { + "mathtext.fontset": "stix", + "font.family": "serif", + "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes", + } + ) + n = 8 # order of Laguerre polynomial + N = 200 # number of points in interval + + step = 1 / (N - 1) + x = np.linspace(step, 1 - step, N + 1) + targets = np.arange(10, 14) + gamma = scipy.special.gamma(x) + fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(5, 2.1)) + for target in targets: + gamma_lag = ga.eval_laguerre_gamma(x, target=target, n=n, func="shifted") + rel_error = np.abs(ga.calc_rel_error(gamma, gamma_lag)) + ax.semilogy(x, rel_error, label=f"$m={target}$", linewidth=3) + gamma_lgo = ga.eval_laguerre_gamma(x, n=n, func="optimal_shifted") + rel_error = np.abs(ga.calc_rel_error(gamma, gamma_lgo)) + ax.semilogy(x, rel_error, "m", linestyle=":", label="$m^*$", linewidth=3) + ax.set_xlim(x[0], x[-1]) + ax.set_ylim(5e-9, 5e-8) + ax.set_xlabel(r"$z$") + ax.set_xticks(np.linspace(0, 1, 6)) + ax.set_xticks(np.linspace(0, 1, 11), minor=True) + ax.grid(1, "both") + ax.legend(ncol=1, fontsize=ga.fontsize) + # fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/rel_error_shifted.pgf") + fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/rel_error_shifted.pdf") + # plt.show() diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_simple.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_simple.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1ea36a --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/rel_error_simple.py @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +if __name__ == "__main__": + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + import numpy as np + import scipy.special + + import gamma_approx as ga + + # mpl.rc("text", usetex=True) + mpl.rcParams.update( + { + "mathtext.fontset": "stix", + "font.family": "serif", + "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes", + } + ) + # mpl.rcParams.update({"font.family": "serif", "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes"}) + + # Simple / naive + xmin = -5 + xmax = 25 + ns = np.arange(2, 12, 2) + ylim = np.array([-11, 6]) + x = np.linspace(xmin + ga.EPSILON, xmax - ga.EPSILON, 400) + gamma = scipy.special.gamma(x) + fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(5, 2.5)) + for n in ns: + gamma_lag = ga.eval_laguerre_gamma(x, n=n) + rel_err = ga.calc_rel_error(gamma, gamma_lag) + ax.semilogy(x, np.abs(rel_err), label=f"$n={n}$") + ax.set_xlim(x[0], x[-1]) + ax.set_ylim(*(10.0 ** ylim)) + ax.set_xticks(np.arange(xmin, xmax + ga.EPSILON, 5)) + ax.set_xticks(np.arange(xmin, xmax), minor=True) + ax.set_yticks(10.0 ** np.arange(*ylim, 2)) + ax.set_xlabel(r"$z$") + # ax.set_ylabel("Relativer Fehler") + ax.legend(ncol=3, fontsize=ga.fontsize) + ax.grid(1, "both") + # fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/rel_error_simple.pgf") + fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/rel_error_simple.pdf") diff --git a/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/targets.py b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/targets.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..69f94ba --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/laguerre/scripts/targets.py @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +import numpy as np +import scipy.special + +import gamma_approx as ga + + +def find_best_loc(N=200, a=1.375, b=0.5, ns=None): + if ns is None: + ns = np.arange(2, 13) + bests = [] + step = 1 / (N - 1) + x = np.linspace(step, 1 - step, N + 1) + gamma = scipy.special.gamma(x) + for n in ns: + zeros, weights = np.polynomial.laguerre.laggauss(n) + est = np.ceil(b + a * n) + targets = np.arange(max(est - 2, 0), est + 3) + rel_error = [] + for target in targets: + gamma_lag = ga.eval_laguerre_gamma(x, target=target, x=zeros, w=weights, func="shifted") + rel_error.append(np.abs(ga.calc_rel_error(gamma, gamma_lag))) + rel_error = np.stack(rel_error, -1) + best = np.argmin(rel_error, -1) + targets[0] + bests.append(best) + return np.stack(bests, 0) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + import matplotlib as mpl + import matplotlib.pyplot as plt + + mpl.rcParams.update( + { + "mathtext.fontset": "stix", + "font.family": "serif", + "font.serif": "TeX Gyre Termes", + } + ) + + N = 200 + ns = np.arange(1, 13) + + bests = find_best_loc(N, ns=ns) + + fig, ax = plt.subplots(num=1, clear=True, constrained_layout=True, figsize=(3.5, 2.1)) + v = ax.imshow(bests, cmap=ga.cmap, aspect="auto", interpolation="nearest") + plt.colorbar(v, ax=ax, label=r"$m^*$") + ticks = np.arange(0, N + 1, N // 5) + ax.set_xlim(0, 1) + ax.set_xticks(ticks) + ax.set_xticklabels([f"{v:.2f}" for v in ticks / N]) + ax.set_xticks(np.arange(0, N + 1, N // 20), minor=True) + ax.set_yticks(np.arange(len(ns))) + ax.set_yticklabels(ns) + ax.set_xlabel(r"$z$") + ax.set_ylabel(r"$n$") + # fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/targets.pgf") + fig.savefig(f"{ga.img_path}/targets.pdf") diff --git a/buch/papers/lambertw/Bilder/Strategie.png b/buch/papers/lambertw/Bilder/Strategie.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e78abd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/lambertw/Bilder/Strategie.png diff --git a/buch/papers/lambertw/Bilder/VerfolgungskurveBsp.png b/buch/papers/lambertw/Bilder/VerfolgungskurveBsp.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 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font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="618" y="1288">0.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="618" y="1288">0.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="670" y="1288">0.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="670" y="1288">0.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="670" y="1288">0.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="721" y="1288">0.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="721" y="1288">0.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="721" y="1288">0.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="773" y="1288">0.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="773" y="1288">0.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="773" y="1288">0.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="825" y="1288">0.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="825" y="1288">0.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="825" y="1288">0.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="876" y="1288">0.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="876" y="1288">0.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="876" y="1288">0.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="934" y="1288">1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="934" y="1288">1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="934" y="1288">1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="980" y="1288">1.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="980" y="1288">1.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="980" y="1288">1.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1032" y="1288">1.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1032" y="1288">1.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1032" y="1288">1.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1083" y="1288">1.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1083" y="1288">1.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1083" y="1288">1.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1135" y="1288">1.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1135" y="1288">1.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1135" y="1288">1.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1187" y="1288">1.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1187" y="1288">1.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1187" y="1288">1.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1238" y="1288">1.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1238" y="1288">1.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1238" y="1288">1.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1290" y="1288">1.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1290" y="1288">1.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1290" y="1288">1.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1342" y="1288">1.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1342" y="1288">1.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1342" y="1288">1.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1393" y="1288">1.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1393" y="1288">1.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1393" y="1288">1.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1451" y="1288">2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1451" y="1288">2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1451" y="1288">2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1497" y="1288">2.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1497" y="1288">2.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1497" y="1288">2.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1549" y="1288">2.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1549" y="1288">2.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1549" y="1288">2.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1600" y="1288">2.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1600" y="1288">2.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1600" y="1288">2.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1652" y="1288">2.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1652" y="1288">2.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1652" y="1288">2.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1704" y="1288">2.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1704" y="1288">2.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1704" y="1288">2.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1755" y="1288">2.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1755" y="1288">2.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1755" y="1288">2.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1807" y="1288">2.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1807" y="1288">2.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1807" y="1288">2.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1859" y="1288">2.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1859" y="1288">2.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1859" y="1288">2.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1910" y="1288">2.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1910" y="1288">2.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1910" y="1288">2.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1968" y="1288">3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="1968" y="1288">3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="1968" y="1288">3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="2014" y="1288">3.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="2014" y="1288">3.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="2014" y="1288">3.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="2066" y="1288">3.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="2066" y="1288">3.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="2066" y="1288">3.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="2117" y="1288">3.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="2117" y="1288">3.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="2117" y="1288">3.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1226">0.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1226">0.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1226">0.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1174">0.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1174">0.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1174">0.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1122">0.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1122">0.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1122">0.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1071">0.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1071">0.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1071">0.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1019">0.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1019">0.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="1019">0.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="967">0.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="967">0.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="967">0.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="916">0.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="916">0.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="916">0.7</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="864">0.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="864">0.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="864">0.8</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="812">0.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="812">0.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="812">0.9</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="405" y="760">1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="405" y="760">1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="405" y="760">1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="709">1.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="709">1.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="709">1.1</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="657">1.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="657">1.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="657">1.2</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="605">1.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="605">1.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="605">1.3</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="554">1.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="554">1.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="554">1.4</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="502">1.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="502">1.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="502">1.5</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="450">1.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="none" stroke="rgb(255, 255, 255)" stroke-linejoin="bevel" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-opacity="1" stroke-width="3" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="450">1.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" stroke="none" text-anchor="start" x="395" y="450">1.6</text><text font-family="geogebra-sans-serif, sans-serif" font-size="12px" font-style="normal" font-weight="normal" text-decoration="normal" dominant-baseline="alphabetic" fill="rgb(0, 0, 0)" fill-opacity="1" 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Emergency stop. +<read *> + +l.30 \input{papers/lambertw/teil0.tex} + +*** (cannot \read from terminal in nonstop modes) + + +Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: + 22 strings out of 478927 + 609 string characters out of 2852535 + 290175 words of memory out of 3000000 + 17980 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 + 403430 words of font info for 27 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 + 1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 + 16i,0n,26p,94b,28s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s +! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced! diff --git a/buch/papers/lambertw/main.tex b/buch/papers/lambertw/main.tex index c125c33..9e6d04f 100644 --- a/buch/papers/lambertw/main.tex +++ b/buch/papers/lambertw/main.tex @@ -3,34 +3,35 @@ % % (c) 2020 Hochschule Rapperswil % -\chapter{Thema\label{chapter:lambertw}} -\lhead{Thema} +\chapter{Verfolgungskurven\label{chapter:lambertw}} +\lhead{Verfolgungskurven} \begin{refsection} -\chapterauthor{Hans Muster} +\chapterauthor{David Hugentobler und Yanik Kuster} -Ein paar Hinweise für die korrekte Formatierung des Textes -\begin{itemize} -\item -Absätze werden gebildet, indem man eine Leerzeile einfügt. -Die Verwendung von \verb+\\+ ist nur in Tabellen und Arrays gestattet. -\item -Die explizite Platzierung von Bildern ist nicht erlaubt, entsprechende -Optionen werden gelöscht. -Verwenden Sie Labels und Verweise, um auf Bilder hinzuweisen. -\item -Beginnen Sie jeden Satz auf einer neuen Zeile. -Damit ermöglichen Sie dem Versionsverwaltungssysteme, Änderungen -in verschiedenen Sätzen von verschiedenen Autoren ohne Konflikt -anzuwenden. -\item -Bilden Sie auch für Formeln kurze Zeilen, einerseits der besseren -Übersicht wegen, aber auch um GIT die Arbeit zu erleichtern. -\end{itemize} +%Ein paar Hinweise für die korrekte Formatierung des Textes +%\begin{itemize} +%\item +%Absätze werden gebildet, indem man eine Leerzeile einfügt. +%Die Verwendung von \verb+\\+ ist nur in Tabellen und Arrays gestattet. +%\item +%Die explizite Platzierung von Bildern ist nicht erlaubt, entsprechende +%Optionen werden gelöscht. +%Verwenden Sie Labels und Verweise, um auf Bilder hinzuweisen. +%\item +%Beginnen Sie jeden Satz auf einer neuen Zeile. +%Damit ermöglichen Sie dem Versionsverwaltungssysteme, Änderungen +%in verschiedenen Sätzen von verschiedenen Autoren ohne Konflikt +%anzuwenden. +%\item +%Bilden Sie auch für Formeln kurze Zeilen, einerseits der besseren +%Übersicht wegen, aber auch um GIT die Arbeit zu erleichtern. +%\end{itemize} \input{papers/lambertw/teil0.tex} +%\input{papers/lambertw/teil2.tex} +%\input{papers/lambertw/teil3.tex} +\input{papers/lambertw/teil4.tex} \input{papers/lambertw/teil1.tex} -\input{papers/lambertw/teil2.tex} -\input{papers/lambertw/teil3.tex} \printbibliography[heading=subbibliography] \end{refsection} diff --git a/buch/papers/lambertw/packages.tex b/buch/papers/lambertw/packages.tex index 6581a5a..366de78 100644 --- a/buch/papers/lambertw/packages.tex +++ b/buch/papers/lambertw/packages.tex @@ -8,3 +8,5 @@ % following example %\usepackage{packagename} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{float}
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+Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! + +Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 10--11 +[] + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (10.00003pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 10--11 +\/cmr/m/n/10 a + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 10--11 +\/cmr/m/n/10 a + [] + +! Undefined control sequence. +l.13 \subsection + {Verfolger und Verfolgungsstrategie +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.13 \subsection{V + erfolger und Verfolgungsstrategie +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no W in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no W in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no F in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no P in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no E in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no M in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no R in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no B in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no A in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no Z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no W in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no P in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no P in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! + +Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 13--16 +[] + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 13--16 +\/cmr/m/n/10 a + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 13--16 +\/cmr/m/n/10 a + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 13--16 +\/cmr/m/n/10 o + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 13--16 +\/cmr/m/n/10 a + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 13--16 +\/cmr/m/n/10 o + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 13--16 +\/cmr/m/n/10 o + [] + + +! LaTeX Error: Environment table undefined. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.17 \begin{table} + +Your command was ignored. +Type I <command> <return> to replace it with another command, +or <return> to continue without it. + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 \begin{tabular} + {|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + +LaTeX Font Info: External font `cmex10' loaded for size +(Font) <7> on input line 18. +LaTeX Font Info: External font `cmex10' loaded for size +(Font) <5> on input line 18. + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +! LaTeX Error: Illegal character in array arg. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.18 ...|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + +! Undefined control sequence. +<recently read> \text + +l.20 \text + {}&\text{Geschwindigkeit}&\text{Abstand}&\text{Richtung}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +! Undefined control sequence. +l.20 \text{}&\text + {Geschwindigkeit}&\text{Abstand}&\text{Richtung}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.20 \text{}&\text{Geschwindigkeit}&\text + {Abstand}&\text{Richtung}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no A in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.20 ...text{Geschwindigkeit}&\text{Abstand}&\text + {Richtung}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no R in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +<recently read> \text + +l.22 \text + {Strategie 1} +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no 1 in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.23 & \text + {konstant} & \text{-} & \text{direkt auf Ziel hinzu}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.23 & \text{konstant} & \text + {-} & \text{direkt auf Ziel hinzu}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no - in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.23 & \text{konstant} & \text{-} & \text + {direkt auf Ziel hinzu}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no Z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.25 \text + {Strategie 2} +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no 2 in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.26 & \text + {-} & \text{konstant} & \text{direkt auf Ziel hinzu}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no - in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.26 & \text{-} & \text + {konstant} & \text{direkt auf Ziel hinzu}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.26 & \text{-} & \text{konstant} & \text + {direkt auf Ziel hinzu}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no Z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.28 \text + {Strategie 3} +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no 3 in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.29 & \text + {konstant} & \text{-} & \text{etwas voraus Zielen}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.29 & \text{konstant} & \text + {-} & \text{etwas voraus Zielen}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no - in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.29 & \text{konstant} & \text{-} & \text + {etwas voraus Zielen}\\ +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no Z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! + +! LaTeX Error: \begin{document} ended by \end{table}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.33 \end{table} + +Your command was ignored. +Type I <command> <return> to replace it with another command, +or <return> to continue without it. + + +Overfull \hbox (20.00006pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 18--34 +[][] + [] + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.42 I + n der Tabelle \eqref{lambertw:Strategien} sind drei mögliche Strategi... + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + +Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no T in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.42 In der Tabelle \eqref + {lambertw:Strategien} sind drei mögliche Strategi... +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no : in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no F in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no 1 in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no B in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no Z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.45 In der Grafik \eqref + {lambertw:pursuerDGL2} ist das Problem dargestellt. +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no : in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no L in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no 2 in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no P in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no W in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no O in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no O in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no Z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! + +Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 42--48 +[] + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 42--48 +\/cmr/m/n/10 o + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 42--48 +\/cmr/m/n/10 a + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (10.00023pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 42--48 +[]$ + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (10.00023pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 42--48 +[]$ + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (10.00023pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 42--48 +[]$ + [] + +! Undefined control sequence. +l.51 \quad|A\in\mathbb + {R}>0 +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + + +Overfull \hbox (122.89459pt too wide) detected at line 52 +\OMS/cmsy/m/n/10 j[]j \/cmr/m/n/10 = \OML/cmm/m/it/10 konst \/cmr/m/n/10 = \OML +/cmm/m/it/10 A \OMS/cmsy/m/n/10 j\OML/cmm/m/it/10 A \OMS/cmsy/m/n/10 2 \OML/cmm +/m/it/10 R > \/cmr/m/n/10 0 + [] + +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! + +Overfull \hbox (81.8452pt too wide) detected at line 58 +[] \OMS/cmsy/m/n/10 j[]j \/cmr/m/n/10 = [] + [] + +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no O in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no P in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no L in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no B in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no L in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no A in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no V in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no P in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no O in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no N in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no W in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no P in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no O in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no L in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no N in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no y in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! + +! LaTeX Error: Environment align undefined. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.65 \begin{align} + +Your command was ignored. +Type I <command> <return> to replace it with another command, +or <return> to continue without it. + +Missing character: There is no - in font nullfont! +! Missing $ inserted. +<inserted text> + $ +l.67 ...}{|\overrightarrow{Z}-\overrightarrow{V}|} + \cdot +I've inserted a begin-math/end-math symbol since I think +you left one out. Proceed, with fingers crossed. + +! Extra }, or forgotten $. +\frac #1#2->{\begingroup #1\endgroup \over #2} + +l.67 ...}{|\overrightarrow{Z}-\overrightarrow{V}|} + \cdot +I've deleted a group-closing symbol because it seems to be +spurious, as in `$x}$'. But perhaps the } is legitimate and +you forgot something else, as in `\hbox{$x}'. In such cases +the way to recover is to insert both the forgotten and the +deleted material, e.g., by typing `I$}'. + +! Misplaced alignment tab character &. +l.69 & + = +I can't figure out why you would want to use a tab mark +here. If you just want an ampersand, the remedy is +simple: Just type `I\&' now. But if some right brace +up above has ended a previous alignment prematurely, +you're probably due for more error messages, and you +might try typing `S' now just to see what is salvageable. + +! Misplaced alignment tab character &. +l.73 & + = +I can't figure out why you would want to use a tab mark +here. If you just want an ampersand, the remedy is +simple: Just type `I\&' now. But if some right brace +up above has ended a previous alignment prematurely, +you're probably due for more error messages, and you +might try typing `S' now just to see what is salvageable. + + +! LaTeX Error: \begin{document} ended by \end{align}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.75 \end{align} + +Your command was ignored. +Type I <command> <return> to replace it with another command, +or <return> to continue without it. + +! Missing $ inserted. +<inserted text> + $ +l.75 \end{align} + +I've inserted something that you may have forgotten. +(See the <inserted text> above.) +With luck, this will get me unwedged. But if you +really didn't forget anything, try typing `2' now; then +my insertion and my current dilemma will both disappear. + +! Missing } inserted. +<inserted text> + } +l.75 \end{align} + +I've inserted something that you may have forgotten. +(See the <inserted text> above.) +With luck, this will get me unwedged. But if you +really didn't forget anything, try typing `2' now; then +my insertion and my current dilemma will both disappear. + +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no L in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no K in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! 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Undefined control sequence. +l.79 \subsection + {Ziel +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.79 \subsection{Z + iel +You're in trouble here. 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Stet clita -kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit -amet. +\section{Was sind Verfolgungskurven? +\label{lambertw:section:Was_sind_Verfolgungskurven}} +\rhead{Was sind Verfolgungskurven?} + +Verfolgungskurven tauchen oft auf bei Fragen wie welchen Pfad begeht ein Hund während er einer Katze nachrennt. +Ein solches Problem hat im Kern immer ein Verfolger und sein Ziel. +Der Verfolger verfolgt sein Ziel, das versucht zu entkommen. +Der Pfad, der der Verfolger während der Verfolgung begeht, wird Verfolgungskurve genannt. +Um diese Kurve zu bestimmen, kann das Verfolgungsproblem als Differentialgleichung formuliert werden. +Diese Differentialgleichung entspringt der Verfolgungsstrategie des Verfolgers. + + +\subsection{Verfolger und Verfolgungsstrategie +\label{lambertw:subsection:Verfolger}} +Wie bereits erwähnt, wird der Verfolger durch seine Verfolgungsstrategie definiert. +Wir nehmen an, dass sich der Verfolger stur an eine Verfolgungsstrategie hält. +Dabei gibt es viele mögliche Strategien, die der Verfolger wählen könnte. +Die möglichen Strategien entstehen durch Festlegung einzelner Parameter, die der Verfolger kontrollieren kann. +Der Verfolger hat nur einen direkten Einfluss auf seinen Geschwindigkeitsvektor. +Mit diesem kann er neben Richtung und Betrag auch den Abstand zwischen Verfolger und Ziel kontrollieren. +Wenn zwei dieser drei Parameter durch die Strategie definiert werden, ist der dritte nicht mehr frei. +Daraus folgt, dass eine Strategie zwei dieser drei Parameter festlegen muss, um den Verfolger komplett zu beschreiben. + +\begin{table} + \centering + \begin{tabular}{|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|>{$}c<{$}|} + \hline + \text{}&\text{Geschwindigkeit}&\text{Abstand}&\text{Richtung}\\ + \hline + \text{Strategie 1} + & \text{konstant} & \text{-} & \text{direkt auf Ziel hinzu}\\ + + \text{Strategie 2} + & \text{-} & \text{konstant} & \text{direkt auf Ziel hinzu}\\ + + \text{Strategie 3} + & \text{konstant} & \text{-} & \text{etwas voraus Zielen}\\ + \hline + \end{tabular} + \caption{mögliche Verfolgungsstrategien} + \label{lambertw:table:Strategien} +\end{table} + +\begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics[scale=0.1]{./papers/lambertw/Bilder/pursuerDGL2.pdf} + \caption{Vektordarstellung Strategie 1} + \label{lambertw:grafic:pursuerDGL2} +\end{figure} + +In der Tabelle \eqref{lambertw:table:Strategien} sind drei mögliche Strategien aufgezählt. +Im Folgenden wird nur noch auf die Strategie 1 eingegangen. +Bei dieser Strategie ist die Geschwindigkeit konstant und der Verfolger bewegt sich immer direkt auf sein Ziel zu. +In der Abbildung \eqref{lambertw:grafic:pursuerDGL2} ist das Problem dargestellt, +wobei $\vec{V}$ der Ortsvektor des Verfolgers, $\vec{Z}$ der Ortsvektor des Ziels und $\dot{\vec{V}}$ der Geschwindigkeitsvektor des Verfolgers ist. +Die konstante Geschwindigkeit kann man mit der Gleichung +\begin{equation} + |\dot{\vec{V}}| + = \operatorname{const} = A + \quad A\in\mathbb{R}>0 +\end{equation} +darstellen. Der Geschwindigkeitsvektor wiederum kann mit der Gleichung +\begin{equation} + \frac{\vec{Z}-\vec{V}}{|\vec{Z}-\vec{V}|}\cdot|\dot{\vec{V}}| + = + \dot{\vec{V}} +\end{equation} +beschrieben werden. +Die Differenz der Ortsvektoren $\vec{V}$ und $\vec{Z}$ ist ein Vektor der vom Punkt $V$ auf $Z$ zeigt. +Da die Länge dieses Vektors beliebig sein kann, wird durch Division durch den Betrag, die Länge auf eins festgelegt. +Aus dem Verfolgungsproblem ist auch ersichtlich, dass die Punkte $V$ und $Z$ nicht am gleichen Ort starten und so eine Division durch Null ausgeschlossen ist. +Wenn die Punkte $V$ und $Z$ trotzdem am gleichen Ort starten, ist die Lösung trivial. +Nun wird die Gleichung mit $\dot{\vec{V}}$ skalar multipliziert, um das Gleichungssystem von zwei auf eine Gleichung zu reduzieren. Somit ergeben sich +\begin{align} + \frac{\vec{Z}-\vec{V}}{|\vec{Z}-\vec{V}|}\cdot|\dot{\vec{V}}|\cdot\dot{\vec{V}} + &= + |\dot{\vec{V}}|^2 + \\ + \label{lambertw:pursuerDGL} + \frac{\vec{Z}-\vec{V}}{|\vec{Z}-\vec{V}|}\cdot \frac{\dot{\vec{V}}}{|\dot{\vec{V}}|} + &= + 1 \text{.} +\end{align} +Die Lösungen dieser Differentialgleichung sind die gesuchten Verfolgungskurven, insofern der Verfolger die Strategie 1 verwendet. + +\subsection{Ziel +\label{lambertw:subsection:Ziel}} +Als nächstes gehen wir auf das Ziel ein. +Wie der Verfolger wird auch unser Ziel sich strikt an eine Fluchtstrategie halten, welche von Anfang an bekannt ist. +Diese Strategie kann als Parameterdarstellung der Position nach der Zeit beschrieben werden. +Zum Beispiel könnte ein Ziel auf einer Geraden flüchten, welches auf einer Ebene mit der Parametrisierung + +\begin{equation} + \vec{Z}(t) + = + \left( \begin{array}{c} 0 \\ t \end{array} \right) +\end{equation} + +beschrieben werden könnte. +Mit dieser Gleichung ist das Ziel auch schon vollumfänglich definiert. +Die Fluchtkurve kann eine beliebige Form haben, jedoch wird die zu lösende Differentialgleichung für die Verfolgungskurve immer komplexer. + + diff --git a/buch/papers/lambertw/teil1.log b/buch/papers/lambertw/teil1.log new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d2eb5c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/lambertw/teil1.log @@ -0,0 +1,3259 @@ +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.23 (MiKTeX 21.8) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2021.9.21) 5 APR 2022 23:32 +entering extended mode +**./teil1.tex +(teil1.tex +LaTeX2e <2021-06-01> patch level 1 +L3 programming layer <2021-08-27> +! 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+Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no Z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no Z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! + +Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 20--24 +[] + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (10.55559pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 20--24 +\/cmr/m/n/10 u + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 20--24 +\/cmr/m/n/10 a + [] + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.25 U + m die DGL dieses Problems herzuleiten wird der Sachverhalt in der Graf... + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + +Missing character: There is no U in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no L in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no P in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no z in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no w in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no S in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no G in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no k in font nullfont! +! Undefined control sequence. +l.25 ... wird der Sachverhalt in der Grafik \eqref + {pursuer_grafik1} aufgezeigt. +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +! Missing $ inserted. +<inserted text> + $ +l.25 ... Sachverhalt in der Grafik \eqref{pursuer_ + grafik1} aufgezeigt. +I've inserted a begin-math/end-math symbol since I think +you left one out. Proceed, with fingers crossed. + +LaTeX Font Info: External font `cmex10' loaded for size +(Font) <7> on input line 25. +LaTeX Font Info: External font `cmex10' loaded for size +(Font) <5> on input line 25. +! Extra }, or forgotten $. +l.25 ...halt in der Grafik \eqref{pursuer_grafik1} + aufgezeigt. +I've deleted a group-closing symbol because it seems to be +spurious, as in `$x}$'. But perhaps the } is legitimate and +you forgot something else, as in `\hbox{$x}'. In such cases +the way to recover is to insert both the forgotten and the +deleted material, e.g., by typing `I$}'. + +! Missing $ inserted. +<inserted text> + $ +l.27 + +I've inserted a begin-math/end-math symbol since I think +you left one out. Proceed, with fingers crossed. + + +Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 25--27 +[] + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (332.97824pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 25--27 +[]\OML/cmm/m/it/10 rafik\/cmr/m/n/10 1\OML/cmm/m/it/10 aufgezeigt:DerPunktPistd +erVerfolgerundderPunktAistseinZiel:$ + [] + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.28 U + m dies mathematisch beschreiben zu können, wird der Richtungsvektor +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + +Missing character: There is no U in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! 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+Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! + +Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 28--29 +[] + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (5.00002pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 28--29 +\/cmr/m/n/10 o + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (64.58458pt too wide) detected at line 33 +[] \/cmr/m/n/10 = [] + [] + +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no D in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! 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Undefined control sequence. +l.49 \subsection + {Beispiel} +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.49 \subsection{B + eispiel} +You're in trouble here. 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Undefined control sequence. +l.50 ...ieses Problem wurde bereits die DGL \eqref + {eq:PursuerDGL} hergeleitet. +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). 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LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.53 \begin{equation} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 53--53 +[] + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (135.67946pt too wide) detected at line 57 +[]\/cmr/m/n/10 (\OML/cmm/m/it/10 t\/cmr/m/n/10 )[][] = [][][] + [] + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.59 \begin{equation} + +You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed. +If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit. + + +Overfull \hbox (20.0pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 59--59 +[] + [] + + +Overfull \hbox (61.57726pt too wide) detected at line 65 +[] \OMS/cmsy/m/n/10 [] \/cmr/m/n/10 = 1 = \OML/cmm/m/it/10 v[] + [] + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.79 S + ed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem +You're in trouble here. 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LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.98 U + t enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis +You're in trouble here. 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Undefined control sequence. +l.110 animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga \eqref + {000tempmlate:equation1}. +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). 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LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.112 E + t harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio +You're in trouble here. 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Undefined control sequence. +<write> ...ertw:section:loesung' on page \thepage + \space undefined\on@line . +l.113 \ref{lambertw:section:loesung} + . +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + + +LaTeX Warning: Reference `lambertw:section:loesung' on page undefined on input + line 113. + +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no N in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! 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Undefined control sequence. +<write> ...tw:section:folgerung' on page \thepage + \space undefined\on@line . +l.117 \ref{lambertw:section:folgerung} + . +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + + +LaTeX Warning: Reference `lambertw:section:folgerung' on page undefined on inp +ut line 117. + +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no T in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! 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Emergency stop. +<*> ./teil1.tex + +*** (job aborted, no legal \end found) + + +Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: + 35 strings out of 478927 + 720 string characters out of 2852535 + 294175 words of memory out of 3000000 + 17993 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 + 403738 words of font info for 28 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 + 1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 + 23i,12n,32p,307b,98s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s +! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced! diff --git a/buch/papers/lambertw/teil1.tex b/buch/papers/lambertw/teil1.tex index 7b545c3..fa7deb1 100644 --- a/buch/papers/lambertw/teil1.tex +++ b/buch/papers/lambertw/teil1.tex @@ -3,53 +3,167 @@ % % (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil % -\section{Teil 1 -\label{lambertw:section:teil1}} -\rhead{Problemstellung} -Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem -accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa -quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae -dicta sunt explicabo. -Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit -aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione -voluptatem sequi nesciunt -\begin{equation} -\int_a^b x^2\, dx -= -\left[ \frac13 x^3 \right]_a^b -= -\frac{b^3-a^3}3. -\label{lambertw:equation1} -\end{equation} -Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, -consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora -incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. - -Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis -suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? -Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit -esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum -fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur? - -\subsection{De finibus bonorum et malorum -\label{lambertw:subsection:finibus}} -At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui -blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos -dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non -provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia -animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga \eqref{000tempmlate:equation1}. - -Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio -\ref{lambertw:section:loesung}. -Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio cumque nihil -impedit quo minus id quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis -voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellendus -\ref{lambertw:section:folgerung}. -Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum -necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et -molestiae non recusandae. -Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis -voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus -asperiores repellat. +\section{Wird das Ziel erreicht? +\label{lambertw:section:Wird_das_Ziel_erreicht}} +\rhead{Wird das Ziel erreicht?} + +Sehr oft kommt es vor, dass bei Verfolgungsproblemen die Frage auftaucht, ob das Ziel überhaupt erreicht wird. +Wenn zum Beispiel die Geschwindigkeit des Verfolgers kleiner ist als diejenige des Ziels, gibt es Anfangsbedingungen bei denen das Ziel nie erreicht wird. +Im Anschluss dieser Frage stellt sich meist die nächste Frage, wie lange es dauert bis das Ziel erreicht wird. +Diese beiden Fragen werden in diesem Kapitel behandelt und an einem Beispiel betrachtet. +% +%\subsection{Ziel erreichen (überarbeiten) +%\label{lambertw:subsection:ZielErreichen}} +Für diese Betrachtung wird das Beispiel aus \eqref{lambertw:section:teil4} zur Hilfe genommen. +Wir verwenden die hergeleiteten Gleichungen \eqref{lambertw:eqFunkXNachT} für Startbedingung im ersten Quadranten +\begin{align*} + x\left(t\right) + &= + x_0\cdot\sqrt{\frac{W\left(\chi\cdot e^{\chi-\frac{4t}{r_0-y_0}}\right)}{\chi}} \\ + y(t) + &= + \frac{1}{4}\left(\left(y_0+r_0\right)\left(\frac{x(t)}{x_0}\right)^2+\left(r_0-y_0\right)\operatorname{ln}\left(\left(\frac{x(t)}{x_0}\right)^2\right)-r_0+3y_0\right)\\ + \chi + &= + \frac{r_0+y_0}{r_0-y_0}\\ + \eta + &= + \left(\frac{x}{x_0}\right)^2\\ + r_0 + &= + \sqrt{x_0^2+y_0^2} \text{.}\\ +\end{align*} +% +Das Ziel wird erreicht, wenn die Koordinaten des Verfolgers mit denen des Ziels bei einem diskreten Zeitpunkt $t_1$ übereinstimmen. +Somit gilt es + +\begin{equation*} + \vec{Z}(t_1)=\vec{V}(t_1) +\end{equation*} +% +zu lösen. +Aus dem vorangegangenem Beispiel, ist die Parametrisierung des Verfolgers und des Ziels bekannt. +Das Ziel wird parametrisiert durch + +\begin{equation} + \vec{Z}(t) + = + \left( \begin{array}{c} 0 \\ t \end{array} \right) +\end{equation} +% +und der Verfolger durch + +\begin{equation} + \vec{V}(t) + = + \left( \begin{array}{c} x(t) \\ y(t) \end{array} \right) + \text{.} +\end{equation} +% + Da $y(t)$ viel komplexer ist als $x(t)$ wird das Problem in zwei einzelne Teilprobleme zerlegt. Wobei die Bedingung der x- und y-Koordinaten einzeln überprüft werden. Es entstehen daher folgende Bedingungen + +\begin{align*} + 0 + &= + x(t) + = + x_0\sqrt{\frac{W\left(\chi\cdot e^{\chi-\frac{4t}{r_0-y_0}}\right)}{\chi}} + \\ + t + &= + y(t) + = + \frac{1}{4}\left(\left(y_0+r_0\right)\left(\frac{x(t)}{x_0}\right)^2+\left(r_0-y_0\right)\operatorname{ln}\left(\left(\frac{x(t)}{x_0}\right)^2\right)-r_0+3y_0\right) + \\ +\end{align*} +% +, welche Beide gleichzeitig erfüllt sein müssen, damit das Ziel erreicht wurde. +Zuerst wird die Bedingung der x-Koordinate betrachtet. +Diese kann durch dividieren durch $x_0$, anschliessendes quadrieren und multiplizieren von $\chi$ vereinfacht werden. Daraus folgt +\begin{equation} + 0 + = + W\left(\chi\cdot e^{\chi-\frac{4t}{r_0-y_0}}\right) + \text{.} +\end{equation} +% +Es ist zu beachten, dass $W(x)$ die Lambert W-Funktion ist, welche im Kapitel \eqref{buch:section:lambertw} behandelt wurde. +Diese Gleichung entspricht genau den Nullstellen der Lambert W-Funktion. Da die Lambert W-Funktion genau eine Nullstelle bei + +\begin{equation*} + W(0)=0 +\end{equation*} +% +besitzt, kann die Bedingung weiter vereinfacht werden zu + +\begin{equation} + 0 + = + \chi\cdot e^{\chi-\frac{4t}{r_0-y_0}} + \text{.} +\end{equation} +% +Da $\chi\neq0$ und die Exponentialfunktion nie null sein kann, ist diese Bedingung unmöglich zu erfüllen. +Beim Grenzwert für $t\rightarrow\infty$ geht die Exponentialfunktion gegen null. +Dies nützt nicht viel, da unendlich viel Zeit vergehen müsste damit ein Einholen möglich wäre. +Somit kann nach den Gestellten Bedingungen das Ziel nie erreicht werden. +Aus der Symmetrie des Problems an der y-Achse können auch alle Anfangspunkte im zweiten Quadranten die Bedingungen nicht erfüllen. +Bei allen Anfangspunkten mit $y_0<0$ ist ein Einholen unmöglich, da die Geschwindigkeit des Verfolgers und Ziels übereinstimmen und der Verfolger dem Ziel bereits am Anfang nachgeht. +Wenn die Wertemenge der Anfangsbedingung um die positive y-Achse erweitert wird, kann das Ziel wiederum erreicht werden. +Sobald der Verfolger auf der positiven y-Achse startet, bewegen sich Verfolger und Ziel aufeinander zu, da der Geschwindigkeitsvektor des Verfolgers auf das Ziel zeigt und der Verfolger sich auf der Fluchtgeraden befindet. +Dies führt zwingend dazu, dass der Verfolger das Ziel erreichen wird. +Die Verfolgungskurve kann in diesem Fall mit + +\begin{equation} + \vec{V}(t) + = + \left( \begin{array}{c} 0 \\ y_0-t \end{array} \right) +\end{equation} +% +parametrisiert werden. +Nun kann der Abstand zwischen Verfolger und Ziel leicht bestimmt und nach 0 aufgelöst werden. +Daraus folgt + +\begin{equation} + 0 + = + |\vec{V}(t_1)-\vec{Z}(t_1)| + = + y_0-2t_1 +\end{equation} +% +, was aufgelöst zu + +\begin{equation} + t_1 + = + \frac{y_0}{2} +\end{equation} +% +führt. +Nun ist klar, dass lediglich Anfangspunkte auf der positiven y-Achse oder direkt auf dem Ziel dazu führen, dass der Verfolger das Ziel bei $t_1$ einholt. +Bei allen anderen Anfangspunkten wird der Verfolger das Ziel nie erreichen. +Dieses Resultat ist aber eher akademischer Natur, weil der Verfolger und das Ziel als Punkt betrachtet wurden. +Wobei aber in Realität nicht von Punkten sondern von Objekten mit einer räumlichen Ausdehnung gesprochen werden kann. +Somit wird in einer nächsten Betrachtung untersucht, ob der Verfolger dem Ziel näher kommt als ein definierter Trefferradius. +Falls dies stattfinden sollte, wird dies als Treffer interpretiert. +Mathematisch kann dies mit + +\begin{equation} + |\vec{V}-\vec{Z}|<a_{min} \quad a_{min}\in\mathbb{R}>0 +\end{equation} +% +beschrieben werden, wobei $a_{min}$ dem Trefferradius entspricht. +Durch quadrieren verschwindet die Wurzel des Betrages, womit + +\begin{equation} + |\vec{V}-\vec{Z}|^2<a_{min}^2 \quad a_{min}\in \mathbb{R} > 0 +\end{equation} +% +die neue Bedingung ist. +Da sowohl der Betrag als auch $a_{min}$ grösser null sind, bleibt die Aussage unverändert. + + + diff --git a/buch/papers/lambertw/teil2.log b/buch/papers/lambertw/teil2.log new file mode 100644 index 0000000..00ab7e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/lambertw/teil2.log @@ -0,0 +1,1580 @@ +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.23 (MiKTeX 21.8) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2021.9.21) 18 JUL 2022 16:36 +entering extended mode +**./teil2.tex +(teil2.tex +LaTeX2e <2021-06-01> patch level 1 +L3 programming layer <2021-08-27> +! 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Undefined control sequence. +l.24 \subsection + {De finibus bonorum et malorum +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.24 \subsection{D + e finibus bonorum et malorum +You're in trouble here. 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+Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no x in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no E in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no x in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no N in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no g in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no x in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no , in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no T in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no f in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no b in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no v in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no p in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no l in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no o in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no s in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no d in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no . in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no I in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no q in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no a in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no r in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no u in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no m in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no h in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no i in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no c in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no n in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no e in font nullfont! +Missing character: There is no t in font nullfont! 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Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit -aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores -eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam -est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci -velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore -et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima -veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, -nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure -reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae -consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla -pariatur? -\subsection{De finibus bonorum et malorum -\label{lambertw:subsection:bonorum}} -At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui -blanditiis praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos -dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non -provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia -animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis -est et expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis -est eligendi optio cumque nihil impedit quo minus id quod maxime -placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor -repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut -rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet ut et voluptates repudiandae -sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a -sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias -consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat. +\subsection{Strategie 1 +\label{lambertw:subsection:Strategie1}} + + +\subsection{Strategie 2 +\label{lambertw:subsection:Strategie2}} diff --git a/buch/papers/lambertw/teil3.log b/buch/papers/lambertw/teil3.log new file mode 100644 index 0000000..018dcba --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/lambertw/teil3.log @@ -0,0 +1,1580 @@ +This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.23 (MiKTeX 21.8) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2021.9.21) 5 APR 2022 21:53 +entering extended mode +**./teil3.tex +(teil3.tex +LaTeX2e <2021-06-01> patch level 1 +L3 programming layer <2021-08-27> +! Undefined control sequence. +l.6 \section + {Teil 3 +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). 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Undefined control sequence. +l.24 \subsection + {De finibus bonorum et malorum +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.24 \subsection{D + e finibus bonorum et malorum +You're in trouble here. 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Undefined control sequence. +l.6 \section + {Beispiel Verfolgungskurve +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.6 \section{B + eispiel Verfolgungskurve +You're in trouble here. 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Undefined control sequence. +l.24 \subsection + {De finibus bonorum et malorum +The control sequence at the end of the top line +of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have +misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct +spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue, +and I'll forget about whatever was undefined. + + +! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H <return> for immediate help. + ... + +l.24 \subsection{D + e finibus bonorum et malorum +You're in trouble here. 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Emergency stop. +<*> teil4.tex + +*** (job aborted, no legal \end found) + + +Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: + 16 strings out of 478371 + 382 string characters out of 5852527 + 296836 words of memory out of 5000000 + 18226 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 + 403430 words of font info for 27 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 + 1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 + 13i,0n,12p,83b,18s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s +! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced! diff --git a/buch/papers/lambertw/teil4.tex b/buch/papers/lambertw/teil4.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..84a0ec7 --- /dev/null +++ b/buch/papers/lambertw/teil4.tex @@ -0,0 +1,368 @@ +% +% teil3.tex -- Beispiel-File für Teil 3 +% +% (c) 2020 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, Hochschule Rapperswil +% +\section{Beispiel einer Verfolgungskurve +\label{lambertw:section:teil4}} +\rhead{Beispiel einer Verfolgungskurve} +In diesem Abschnitt wird rechnerisch das Beispiel einer Verfolgungskurve mit der Verfolgungsstrategie 1 beschreiben. Dafür werden zuerst Bewegungsraum, Anfangspositionen und Bewegungsverhalten definiert, in einem nächsten Schritt soll eine Differentialgleichung dafür aufgestellt werden und anschliessend gelöst werden. + +\subsection{Anfangsbedingungen definieren und einsetzen + \label{lambertw:subsection:Anfangsbedingungen}} +Das zu verfolgende Ziel \(\vec{Z}\) bewegt sich entlang der \(y\)-Achse mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit \(v = 1\), beginnend beim Ursprung des Kartesischen Koordinatensystems. Der Verfolger \(\vec{V}\) startet auf einem beliebigen Punkt im ersten Quadranten und bewegt sich auch mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit \(|\dot{V}| = 1\) in Richtung Ziel. Diese Anfangspunkte oder Anfangsbedingungen können wie folgt formuliert werden: +\begin{equation} + \vec{Z} + = + \left( \begin{array}{c} 0 \\ v \cdot t \end{array} \right) + = + \left( \begin{array}{c} 0 \\ t \end{array} \right) + ,\: + \vec{V} + = + \left( \begin{array}{c} x \\ y \end{array} \right) + \:\text{und}\:\: + \bigl| \dot{V} \bigl| + = + 1. + \label{lambertw:Anfangsbed} +\end{equation} +Wir haben nun die Anfangsbedingungen definiert, jetzt fehlt nur noch eine DGL, welche die fortlaufende Änderung der Position und Bewegungsrichtung des Verfolgers beschreibt. +Diese DGL haben wir bereits in Kapitel \ref{lambertw:subsection:Verfolger} definiert, und zwar Gleichung \eqref{lambertw:pursuerDGL}. Wenn man die Startpunkte einfügt ergibt sich folgender Ausdruck: +\begin{equation} + \frac{\left( \begin{array}{c} 0-x \\ t-y \end{array} \right)}{\sqrt{x^2 + (t-y)^2}} + \cdot + \left(\begin{array}{c} \dot{x} \\ \dot{y} \end{array}\right) + = + 1. + \label{lambertw:eqMitAnfangsbed} +\end{equation} + +\subsection{DGL vereinfachen + \label{lambertw:subsection:DGLvereinfach}} +Nun haben wir eine Gleichung, es stellt sich aber die Frage ob es überhaupt eine geschlossene Lösung dafür gibt. Eine Funktion welche die Beziehung \(y(x)\) beschreibt oder sogar \(x(t)\) und \(y(t)\) liefert. Zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt mag es nicht trivial scheinen, aber mit den gewählten Anfangsbedingungen \eqref{lambertw:Anfangsbed} ist es möglich eine geschlossene Lösung für die Gleichung \eqref{lambertw:eqMitAnfangsbed} zu finden. +Auf dem Weg dahin muss die definierte DGL zuerst wesentlich vereinfacht werden, sei es mittels algebraische Umformungen oder mit den Tools aus der Analysis. Also legen wir los! + +Zuerst müssen wir den Bruch in \eqref{lambertw:eqMitAnfangsbed} los werden, der sieht so nicht handlich aus. Dafür multiplizieren wir beidseitig mit dem Nenner: +\begin{equation} + \left( \begin{array}{c} 0-x \\ t-y \end{array} \right) + \cdot + \left(\begin{array}{c} \dot{x} \\ \dot{y} \end{array}\right) + = \sqrt{x^2 + (t-y)^2}. + \label{lambertw:eqOhneBruch} +\end{equation} +In einem weiteren Schritt, lösen wir das Skalarprodukt auf und erhalten folgende Gleichung \eqref{lambertw:eqOhneSkalarprod} ohne vektorielle Grössen: +\begin{equation} + -x \cdot \dot{x} + (t-y) \cdot \dot{y} + = \sqrt{x^2 + (t-y)^2}. + \label{lambertw:eqOhneSkalarprod} +\end{equation} +Im letzten Schritt, fällt die Nützlichkeit des Skalarproduktes in der Verfolgungsgleichung \eqref{lambertw:pursuerDGL} markant auf. Meiner Meinung ziemlich elegant und nicht selbstverständlich in der Lage zu sein, das Problem auf eine einzige Gleichung reduzieren zu können. + +Die nächsten Schritte sind sehr algebralastig und würden das lesen dieses Papers einfach nur mühsam machen, also werde ich diese auslassen. Hingegen werden ich die algebraische Hauptschritte erwähnen, die notwendig wären falls man es trotzdem selber ausprobieren möchte: +\begin{itemize} + \item + Quadrieren und erweitern. + \item + Gruppieren. + \item + Substitution von einzelnen Thermen mittels der Beziehung \(\dot{x}^2 + \dot{y}^2 = 1\). + \item + Und das erkennen des Musters einer Binomischen Formel. +\end{itemize} +Das Resultat aller dieser Vereinfachungen führen zu folgender Gleichung \eqref{lambertw:eqAlgVerinfacht}, die viel handhabbarer ist als zuvor: +\begin{equation} + (x \dot{y} + (t-y) \dot{x})^2 + = 0. + \label{lambertw:eqAlgVerinfacht} +\end{equation} +Da der linke Term gleich Null ist, muss auch der Inhalt des Quadrates gleich Null sein, somit folgt eine weitere Vereinfachung, welche zu einer im Vergleich zu \eqref{lambertw:eqOhneSkalarprod} wesentlich einfachere DGL führt: +\begin{equation} + x \dot{y} + (t-y) \dot{x} + = 0. + \label{lambertw:eqGanzVerinfacht} +\end{equation} +Kompakt, ohne Wurzelterme und Quadrate, nur elementare Operationen und Ableitungen. Nun stellt sich die Frage wie es weiter gehen soll, bei der Gleichung \eqref{lambertw:eqGanzVerinfacht} scheinen keine weiteren Vereinfachungen möglich zu sein. Wir brauchen einen neuen Ansatz um unser Ziel einer möglichen Lösung zu verfolgen. + +\subsection{Zeitabhängigkeit loswerden + \label{lambertw:subsection:ZeitabhLoswerden}} +Der nächste logischer Schritt schient irgendwie die Zeitabhängigkeit in der Gleichung \eqref{lambertw:eqGanzVerinfacht} loszuwerden, aber wieso? Nun, wie am Anfang von Abschnitt \ref{lambertw:subsection:DGLvereinfach} beschrieben, suchen wir eine Lösung der Art \(y(x)\), dies ist natürlich erst möglich wenn wir die Abhängigkeit nach \(t\) eliminieren können. + +Der erste Schritt auf dem Weg dahin, ist es die zeitlichen Ableitung los zu werden, dafür wird \eqref{lambertw:eqGanzVerinfacht} beidseitig mit \(\dot{x}\) dividiert, was erlaubt ist, weil diese Änderung ungleich Null ist: +\begin{equation} + x \frac{\dot{y}}{\dot{x}} + (t-y) \frac{\dot{x}}{\dot{x}} + = 0. + \label{lambertw:eqVorKeineZeitAbleit} +\end{equation} +Der Grund dafür ist, dass +\begin{equation} + \frac{\displaystyle\dot{y}}{\displaystyle\dot{x}} + = \frac{\displaystyle\frac{dy}{dt}}{\displaystyle\frac{dx}{dt}} + = \frac{dy}{dx} + = y^{\prime}, + \label{lambertw:eqQuotZeitAbleit} +\end{equation} +und somit kann der Quotient dieser zeitlichen Ableitungen in eine Ableitung nach \(x\) umgewandelt werden. +Nach dem diese Eigenschaft \eqref{lambertw:eqQuotZeitAbleit} in \eqref{lambertw:eqVorKeineZeitAbleit} eingesetzt wird und vereinfacht wurde, entsteht folgende neue Gleichung: +\begin{equation} + x y^{\prime} + t - y + = 0. + \label{lambertw:DGLmitT} +\end{equation} +Hier wäre es natürlich passend wenn man die Abhängigkeit nach \(t\) komplett wegbringen könnte. Um dies zu erreichen muss man auf die Definition der Bogenlänge aus der Analysis zurückgreifen, wobei die Strecke \(s\) folgendem entspricht: +\begin{equation} + s + = + v \cdot t + = + 1 \cdot t + = + t + = + \int_{\displaystyle x_0}^{\displaystyle x_{\text{end}}}\sqrt{1+y^{\prime\, 2}} \: dx. + \label{lambertw:eqZuBogenlaenge} +\end{equation} +Nicht gerade auffällig ist die Richtung in welche hier integriert wird. Wenn der Verfolger sich wie vorgesehen am Anfang im ersten Quadranten befindet, dann muss sich dieser nach links bewegen, was nicht der üblichen Integrationsrichtung entspricht. Um eine Integration wie üblich von links nach rechts ausführen zu können, müssen die Integrationsgenerzen vertauscht werden, was in einem Vorzeichenwechsel resultiert. Wenn man nun \eqref{lambertw:eqZuBogenlaenge} in die DGL \eqref{lambertw:DGLmitT} einfügt, dann ergibt sich folgender Ausdruck: +\begin{equation} + x y^{\prime} - \int\sqrt{1+y^{\prime\, 2}} \: dx - y + = 0. + \label{lambertw:DGLohneT} +\end{equation} +Um das Integral los zu werden, leitet man den vorherigen Ausdruck \eqref{lambertw:DGLohneT} nach \(x\) ab und erhaltet folgende DGL \eqref{lambertw:DGLohneInt}: +\begin{align} + y^{\prime}+ xy^{\prime\prime} - \sqrt{1+y^{\prime\, 2}} - y^{\prime} + &= 0, \\ + xy^{\prime\prime} - \sqrt{1+y^{\prime\, 2}} + &= 0. + \label{lambertw:DGLohneInt} +\end{align} +Nun sind wir unserem Ziel einen weiteren Schritt näher. Die Gleichung \eqref{lambertw:DGLohneInt} mag auf den ersten Blick nicht gerade einfach sein, aber im Nächsten Abschnitt werden wir sehen, dass sie relativ einfach zu lösen ist. + +\subsection{DGL lösen + \label{lambertw:subsection:DGLloes}} +Die Gleichung \eqref{lambertw:DGLohneInt} ist eine DGL zweiter Ordnung und kann +mittels der Substitution \(y^{\prime} = u\) in eine DGL erster Ordnung umgewandelt werden: +\begin{equation} + xu^{\prime} - \sqrt{1+u^2} + = 0. + \label{lambertw:DGLmitU} +\end{equation} +Diese \eqref{lambertw:DGLmitU} zu lösen ist ziemlich einfach da sie separierbar ist, aus diesem Grund werde ich direkt zur Lösung \eqref{lambertw:loesDGLmitU} übergehen: +\begin{align} + \operatorname{arsinh}(u) + &= + \operatorname{ln}(x) + C, \\ + u + &= + \operatorname{sinh}(\operatorname{ln}(x) + C). + \label{lambertw:loesDGLmitU} +\end{align} +Indem man die Substitution rückgängig macht, erhält man eine weitere DGL erster Ordnung die bereits separiert ist und erhält folgende Gleichung: +\begin{equation} + y^{\prime} + = + \operatorname{sinh}(\operatorname{ln}(x) + C). + \label{lambertw:loesDGLmitY} +\end{equation} +Diese \eqref{lambertw:loesDGLmitY} kann mit den selben Methoden gelöst werden wie \eqref{lambertw:DGLmitU}, diesmal aber in Kombination mit der exponentiellen Definition der \(\operatorname{sinh}\)-Funktion: +\begin{equation} + y + = + C_1 + C_2 x^2 - \frac{\operatorname{ln}(x)}{8 \cdot C_2}. +\end{equation} +Nun haben wir eine Lösung, aber wie es immer mit Lösungen ist, stellt sich die Frage ob sie überhaupt plausibel ist. Dieser Frage werden wir in nächsten Abschnitt \ref{lambertw:subsection:LoesAnalys} nachgehen. + +\subsection{Lösung analysieren + \label{lambertw:subsection:LoesAnalys}} + +\begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics{papers/lambertw/Bilder/VerfolgungskurveBsp.png} + \caption[Graph der Verfolgungskurve]{Graph der Verfolgungskurve wobei, ({\color{red}rot}) die Funktion \ensuremath{y(x)} ist, ({\color{darkgreen}grün}) der quadratische Teil und ({\color{blue}blau}) dem \ensuremath{ln(x)}-Teil entspricht. + \label{lambertw:BildFunkLoes} + } +\end{figure} + +Das Resultat, wie ersichtlich, ist folgende Funktion \eqref{lambertw:funkLoes} welche mittels Anfangsbedingungen parametrisiert werden kann: +\begin{equation} + {\color{red}{y(x)}} + = + C_1 + C_2 {\color{darkgreen}{x^2}} {\color{blue}{-}} \frac{\color{blue}{\operatorname{ln}(x)}}{8 \cdot C_2}. + \label{lambertw:funkLoes} +\end{equation} +Für die Koeffizienten \(C_1\) und \(C_2\) ergibt sich ein Anfangswertproblem, welches für deren Bestimmung gelöst werden muss. Zuerst soll aber eine qualitative Intuition, oder Idee für das Aussehen der Funktion \(y(x)\) geschaffen werden: +\begin{itemize} + \item + Für grosse \(x\)-Werte, welche in der Regel in der Nähe von \(x_0\) sein sollten, ist der quadratisch Term in der Funktion \eqref{lambertw:funkLoes} dominant. + \item + Für immer kleiner werdende \(x\) geht der Verfolger in Richtung \(y\)-Achse, wobei seine Steigung stetig sinkt, was Sinn macht wenn der Verfolgte entlang der \(y\)-Achse steigt. Irgendwann werden Verfolger und Ziel auf gleicher Höhe sein. + \item + Für \(x\)-Werte in der Nähe von \(0\) ist das asymptotische Verhalten des Logarithmus dominant, dies macht auch Sinn da sich der Verfolgte auf der \(y\)-Achse bewegt und der Verfolger im nachgeht. + \item + Aufgrund des Monotoniewechsels in der Kurve \eqref{lambertw:funkLoes} muss diese auch ein Minimum aufweisen. Es stellt sich nun die Frage: Wo befindet sich dieser Punkt? + + Eine Abschätzung darüber kann getroffen werden und zwar, dass dieser dann entsteht, wenn \(A\) und \(P\) die gleiche \(y\)-Koordinaten besitzen. In diesem Moment ändert die Richtung der \(y\)-Komponente der Geschwindigkeit des Verfolgers, somit auch sein Vorzeichen und dadurch entsteht auch das Minimum. +\end{itemize} +Alle diese Eigenschafte stimmen mit dem überein, was man von einer Kurve dieser Art erwarten würde, welche durch die Grafik \ref{lambertw:BildFunkLoes} repräsentiert wurde. Nun stellt sich die Frage wie die Kurve wirklich aussieht. Dies wird im folgenden Abschnitt \ref{lambertw:subsection:AllgLoes} behandelt. + +\subsection{Anfangswertproblem + \label{lambertw:subsection:AllgLoes}} +Wie üblich bei der Suche nach einer exakten Lösung, kommt ein Anfangswertproblem vor. Um dieses zu lösen, müssen wir zuerst die Anfangswerte definieren. Da wir das Problem allgemein lösen wollen, ergeben sich folgende zwei Anfangswerte: +\begin{equation} + y(x)\big \vert_{t=0} + = + y(x_0) + = + y_0 + \label{lambertw:eq1Anfangswert} +\end{equation} +und +\begin{equation} + \frac{dy}{dx}\bigg \vert_{t=0} + = + y^{\prime}(x_0) + = + \frac{y_0}{x_0}. + \label{lambertw:eq2Anfangswert} +\end{equation} +Der zweite Anfangswert \eqref{lambertw:eq2Anfangswert} mag nicht grade offensichtlich sein. Die Erklärung dafür ist aber simpel: Der Verfolger wird sich zum Zeitpunkt \(t=0\) in Richtung Koordinatenursprung bewegen wollen, wo sich das Ziel befindet. Somit entsteht das Steigungsdreieck mit \(\Delta x = x_0\) und \(\Delta y = y_0\). + +Das Lösen des Anfangswertproblems ist ein Problem aus der Algebra, auf welches ich nicht unbedingt eingehen möchte. Zur Vollständigkeit und Nachvollziehbarkeit, werde ich aber das Gleichungssystem \eqref{lambertw:eqGleichungssystem} präsentieren, welches notwendig ist um das Anfangswertproblem zu lösen, sowie auch die allgemeine Lösung \eqref{lambertw:eqAllgLoes} die sich nach dem einsetzen der Koeffizienten \(C_1\) und \(C_2\) in die Funktion \eqref{lambertw:funkLoes} ergibt. + +\begin{itemize} + \item + Gleichungssystem: + \begin{subequations} + \begin{align} + y_0 + &= + C_1 + C_2 x^2_0 - \frac{\operatorname{ln}(x_0)}{8 \cdot C_2}, \\ + \frac{y_0}{x_0} + &= + 2 \cdot C_2 x_0 - \frac{1}{8 \cdot C_2 \cdot x_0}. + \end{align} + \label{lambertw:eqGleichungssystem} + \end{subequations} + \item + Die allgemeine Funktion: + \begin{equation} + y(x) + = + \frac{1}{4}\left(\left(y_0+r_0\right)\eta+\left(r_0-y_0\right)\operatorname{ln}\left(\eta\right)-r_0+3y_0\right) + \label{lambertw:eqAllgLoes} + \end{equation} + Damit die Funkion \eqref{lambertw:eqAllgLoes} trotzdem noch übersichtlich bleibt, wurden \(\eta\) und \(r_0\) wie folgt definiert: + \begin{equation} + \eta + = + \left(\frac{x}{x_0}\right)^2 + \:\:\text{und}\:\: + r_0 + = + \sqrt{x_0^2+y_0^2}. + \end{equation} +\end{itemize} +Diese neue allgemein Funktion \eqref{lambertw:eqAllgLoes} weist immer noch die selbe Struktur wie die vorherig hergeleitete Funktion \eqref{lambertw:funkLoes} auf, einerseits einen quadratischen Teil der in \(\eta\) enthalten ist, anderseits den \(\operatorname{ln}\)-Teil. Aus dieser Ähnlichkeit kann geschlossen werden, dass sich \eqref{lambertw:eqAllgLoes} auf eine ähnliche Art verhalten wird. + +Nun sind wir soweit, dass wir eine \(y(x)\)-Beziehung für beliebige Anfangswerte darstellen können, unser erstes Ziel wurde erreicht. Ist das alles? Nein, wir können einen Schritt weiter gehen und uns Fragen: Ist es analytisch möglich herauszufinden, wo sich Verfolger und Ziel zu jedem Zeitpunkt befinden? Dieser Frage werden wir im nächsten Abschnitt nachgehen. + +\subsection{Funktion nach der Zeit + \label{lambertw:subsection:FunkNachT}} +Lieber Leser sei mir nicht böse, aber in diesem Abschnitt werde ich ein wenig mehr bei den algebraischen Umformungen ins Detail gehen. Dies hat auch einen bestimmten Grund, ich möchte den Einsatz einer speziellen Funktion aufzeigen, sowie auch wann und wieso diese vorkommt. Welche spezielle Funktion? Fragst du dich wahrscheinlich in diesem Moment. Nun, um diese Frage zu kurz zu beantworten, es ist "YouTube's favorite special function" laut dem Mathematiker Michael Penn, die Lambert-W-Funktion \(W(x)\) welche übrigens im Kapitel \ref{buch:section:lambertw} bereits beschrieben wurde. + +Also fangen wir an. Der erste Schritt ist es herauszufinden, wie die Zeitabhängigkeit wieder hinein gebracht werden kann. Dafür greifen wir auf die letzte Gleichung zu, in welcher \(t\) noch enthalten war, und zwar DGL \eqref{lambertw:DGLmitT}, welche zur Übersichtlichkeit hier nochmals aufgeführt wird: +\begin{equation} + x y^{\prime} + t - y + = 0. + \label{lambertw:eqDGLmitTnochmals} +\end{equation} +Wie in \eqref{lambertw:eqDGLmitTnochmals} zu sehen ist, werden \(y\) und deren Ableitung \(y^{\prime}\) benötigt, diese sind: +\begin{subequations} + \begin{align} + y + &= + \frac{1}{4}\left(\left(y_0+r_0\right)\eta+\left(r_0-y_0\right)\operatorname{ln}\left(\eta\right)-r_0+3y_0\right), \\ + \label{lambertw:eqFunkUndAbleit1} + y^\prime + &= + \frac{1}{2}\left(\left(y_0+r_0\right)\frac{x}{x_0^2}+\left(r_0-y_0\right)\frac{1}{x}\right). + \end{align} + \label{lambertw:eqFunkUndAbleit} +\end{subequations} +Wenn man diese Gleichungen \ref{lambertw:eqFunkUndAbleit} in die DGL \label{lambertw:eqDGLmitTnochmals} einfügt, vereinfacht und nach \(t\) auflöst, dann ergibt sich folgenden Ausdruck: +\begin{equation} + -4t + = + \left(y_0+r_0\right)\left(\eta-1\right)+\left(r_0-y_0\right)\operatorname{ln}\left(\eta\right). + \label{lambertw:eqFunkUndAbleitEingefuegt} +\end{equation} +In einem nächsten Schritt wird alles mit \(x\) auf die eine Seite gebracht, der Rest auf die andere Seite und anschliessend beidseitig exponentiert, was wie folgt aussieht: +\begin{align} + -4t+\left(y_0+r_0\right) + &= + \left(y_0+r_0\right)\eta+\left(r_0-y_0\right)\operatorname{ln}\left(\eta\right), \\ + e^{\displaystyle -4t+\left(y_0+r_0\right)} + &= + e^{\displaystyle \left(y_0+r_0\right)\eta}\cdot\eta^{\displaystyle \left(r_0-y_0\right)}. + \label{lambertw:eqMitExp} +\end{align} +Auf dem rechten Term von \eqref{lambertw:eqMitExp} beginnen wir langsam eine ähnliche Struktur wie \(\eta e^\eta\) zu erkennen, dies schreit nach der Struktur die benötigt wird um \(\eta\) mittels der Lambert-W-Funktion \(W(x)\) zu erhalten. Dies macht durchaus Sinn, wenn wir die Funktion \(x(t)\) finden wollen und \(W(x)\) die Umkehrfunktion von \(x e^x\) ist. + +Die erste Sache die uns in \eqref{lambertw:eqMitExp} stört ist, dass \(\eta\) als Potenz da steht. Dieses Problem können wir loswerden, indem wir beidseitig mit \(\:\displaystyle \frac{1}{r_0-y_0}\:\) potenzieren: +\begin{equation} + e^{\displaystyle \frac{-4t}{r_0-y_0}+\frac{y_0+r_0}{r_0-y_0}} + = + \eta\cdot e^{\displaystyle \frac{y_0+r_0}{r_0-y_0}\eta} . + \label{lambertw:eqOhnePotenz} +\end{equation} +Das nächste Problem auf welches wir in \eqref{lambertw:eqOhnePotenz} treffen ist, dass \(\eta\) nicht alleine im Exponent steht. Dies kann elegant mit folgender Substitution gelöst werden: +\begin{equation} + \chi + = + \frac{y_0+r_0}{r_0-y_0}. + \label{lambertw:eqChiSubst} +\end{equation} +Es gäbe natürlich andere Substitutionen wie z.B. +\[\displaystyle \chi=\frac{y_0+r_0}{r_0-y_0}\cdot\eta,\] +die auf das selbe Ergebnis führen würden, aber \eqref{lambertw:eqChiSubst} liefert in einem Schritt die kompakteste Lösung. Also fahren wir mit der Substitution \eqref{lambertw:eqChiSubst} weiter, setzen diese in die Gleichung \eqref{lambertw:eqOhnePotenz} ein und multiplizieren beidseitig mit \(\chi\). Daraus erhalten wir folgende Gleichung: +\begin{equation} + \chi\cdot e^{\displaystyle \chi-\frac{4t}{r_0-y_0}} + = + \chi\eta\cdot e^{\displaystyle \chi\eta}. + \label{lambertw:eqNachSubst} +\end{equation} +Schön oder? Nun sind wir endlich soweit, dass wir die angedeutete Lambert-W-Funktion \(W(x)\)einsetzen können. Wenn wir beidseitig \(W(x)\) anwenden, dann erhalten wir folgenden Ausdruck: +\begin{equation} + W\left(\chi\cdot e^{\displaystyle \chi-\frac{4t}{r_0-y_0}}\right) + = + \chi\eta. +\end{equation} +Nach dem Auflösen nach \(x\) welches in \(\eta\) enthalten ist, erhalten wir die gesuchte \(x(t)\)-Funktion \eqref{lambertw:eqFunkXNachT}. Dieses \(x(t)\) in Kombination mit \eqref{lambertw:eqFunkUndAbleit1} liefert die Position des Verfolgers zu jedem Zeitpunkt. Das Gleichungspaar \eqref{lambertw:eqFunktionenNachT}, besteht aus folgenden Gleichungen: +\begin{subequations} + \begin{align} + \label{lambertw:eqFunkXNachT} + x(t) + &= + x_0\cdot\sqrt{\frac{W\left(\chi\cdot e^{\displaystyle \chi-\frac{4t}{r_0-y_0}}\right)}{\chi}}, \\ + \label{lambertw:eqFunkYNachT} + y(x(t)) + = + y(t) + &= + \frac{1}{4}\left(\left(y_0+r_0\right)\left(\frac{x(t)}{x_0}\right)^2+\left(r_0-y_0\right)\operatorname{ln}\left(\left(\frac{x(t)}{x_0}\right)^2\right)-r_0+3y_0\right). + \end{align} + \label{lambertw:eqFunktionenNachT} +\end{subequations} +Nun haben wir unser letztes Ziel erreicht und sind in der Lage eine Verfolgung rechnerisch sowie graphisch zu repräsentieren. + +Wir sind aber noch nicht ganz fertig, ich muss gestehen, dass ich in diesem Abschnitt einen wichtigen Teil verschwiegen habe. Und zwar wieso, dass ich schon bei der Gleichung \eqref{lambertw:eqFunkUndAbleitEingefuegt} wusste, dass man nach einigen Umformungen die Lambert-W-Funktion eingesetzt werden kann. +Der Grund dafür ist die Struktur +\begin{equation} + y + = + p(x) +\operatorname{ln}(x), + \label{lambertw:eqEinsatzLambW} +\end{equation} +bei welcher \(p(x)\) eine beliebige Potenz von \(x\) darstellt. + +Jedes mal wenn \(x\) gesucht ist und in einer Struktur der Art \eqref{lambertw:eqEinsatzLambW} vorkommt, dann kann mit ein paar Umformungen die Struktur \(f(x)e^{f(x)}\) erzielt werden. Wie bereits in diesem Abschnitt \ref{lambertw:subsection:FunkNachT} gezeigt wurde, kann \(x\) nun mittels der \(W(x)\)-Funktion aufgelöst werden. Erstaunlicherweise ist \eqref{lambertw:eqEinsatzLambW} eine Struktur die oftmals vorkommt, was die Lambert-W-Funktion so wichtig macht.
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