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diff --git a/appunti/introduzione.tex b/appunti/introduzione.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f5c6fa --- /dev/null +++ b/appunti/introduzione.tex @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@ +\chapter{Introduction} + +\section{History and culture of Canada} + +% [nao] +\subsection{Foundation} +Canada is one of the largest countries on the planet, in fact, it is the fourth +largest country by land area with approximately 9 million square kilometers +\cite{statscan:statarea}. Located in the northern hemisphere of the American +continent, was first discovered by Europeans in 1497 with the expedition of +John Cabot. The name ``Canada'' seems to have appeared first in the 16th century +when Jacques Cartier, during his 3 voyages to the new world, heard a groups of +natives speaking the Iroquoian language referring to a village as +``Kanada''\cite{history}. During the following centuries both French and British +colonies were established which led to numerous conflicts the two between +empires and the natives. The government of Canada was created with the +proclamation of the Constitution Act in 1867, but the present the nationals +were established only in 1999 because after since its first foundation the +dominion had expanded multiple times. + +\subsection{The Flag of Canada} +\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{.4\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=6cm]{res/images/flag_of_canada.pdf} + \caption{Current flag of Canada} +\end{wrapfigure} +The current flag of Canada was created in 1964, when the government had an +all-party parliamentary committee that prepare multiple designs. Before then +Canada didn't have its own official flag but instead used either the English +Union Jack or the Canadian Red Ensign, a red flag with a smaller Union Jack on +the top left and an ensign on the right side. +\begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=6cm]{res/images/canadian_red_ensign.pdf} + \caption{Canadian Red Ensign used before the introduction of the modern + design} +\end{figure} + +The simplest design was chosen by the parliament and the current flag was +adopted the 15 December 1964, just in time for the centennial celebration of +the confederation 3 years later. + +\section{Canadian Natives} +Before the arrival of the Europeans the northern American continent was +populated by various groups of indigenous peoples which today are referred as +First Nations or Premières Nations in French. There were 6 major tribes and +each one of them lived in a particular area of the continent, but they all +shared a similar culture and environment. First Nations lives were mostly +dependant on hunting and their social systems had evolved around it, each tribe +had a defined territory in which they were allowed to hunt and they were +socially connected through trading network. This situation was typical in the +northern area in the dark boreal forests were agriculture was very difficult. +On the other hand, tribes with settlements near the coast had a less nomadic +lifestyle that depended on fishing + + + +First Nations lived off mostly from +hunting with an advanced social sistem around it that defined territories +for each tribe. There was also a system of social orders +% tribes: +% iroquian south fertile, for agricolture +% woodland east boreal forest +% plains ??? grassland, prairies +% plateau south/north semi-desert, mountains, forest(north) +% pacific coast west abundant salmon and shellfish, gigantic red cedar for building huge houses + +% Mackenzie and Yukon River Basins ??? harsh environmnent, dark forests, barren lands, swampy + +\subsection{Nativi Canadesi} +Prima della scopeta del continente Americano il Canada era un paese popolato da +delle popolazioni native che oggi vengono chiamate "First Nations". Gli storici +distinguono i First Nations in 6 trib\`u principali in base alle zone che +occupavano + +\subsection{Modern Canada} +Today Canada is a powerful country with its own currency, the Canadian Dollar +(CAD), As 2016 one Canadian Dollar equals +\href{http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=CHF}{ +0.76 Swiss Francs}. Canada's GDP (as Q2 2015) is more than twice ours +(Switzerlands)\cite{swisseconomy} with a market price at 1'996'804 millions of +Canadian dollars \cite{statscan:ecoimpexps} which roughly equals to 1.54 +millions of millions of Swiss francs. +In Canada there are many cultures that are currently living one beside +each other, the nations historic multicultural background shaped the society in +a way that is very + + +Its major economic trade partners +are USA, UK and Germany. + + +\section{Natural resources} + +% [nao] +Canada's huge land area makes it one of richest countries from a natural +resources standpoint. Indeed Canada has the third largest reserve of crude oil +in the world and it is the second production of Uranium +\cite{nrcan:energyfactsbook}. But Canada is also a leader in renewable energy +production with a 18.9\% of total energy supply coming just from renewables +\cite{nrcan:renewables}. Even if most of the energy produced can be considered +eco-friendly Canada still relies heavily on non-renewable energy source as we +will see in the next paragraphs. + +\subsection{Crude Oil} + +% [nao] +Oil has become has been increasingly become a valuable resource, since the +discovery of oil sands extraction technology. The desire for oil +independence from the USA and many other NATO states has given a lot of funds +for the development of this technology. +But for the environment this is not a good, according to a study conducted in +2014 \cite{statscan:ghgemissions}, GHGs (Greenhouse Gases) emissions caused by +oil extraction industries have increased by 63.5 millions of tonnes in the last +20 years. + +\subsection{Natural Gas} + +% [nao] +Natural gas is the biggest energy source in Canada, mostly produced in Alta is +also a major cause of Nitrogen and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) pollution. +Even though its extractions and refinement technologies are getting better, the +level of pollution has not gone down since 2010. In 2014 56.6 mega tonnes of GHGs +were released on the atmosphere. Combined with the oil extraction this economic +sector accounts for 26\% of total nation emissions \cite{statscan:ghgemissions}. + +\subsection{Coal} + +% [nao] +Despite it makes up half of the world's energy source (mostly in China) and +there's an abundance of it, coal represents a minor element in the national +energy production, and almost half of the final product gets exported to Japan, +China and South Korea. Currently scientists are discouraging its usage because +of its high level of pollution and $CO_2$ emissions. Nonetheless the research in +the field of coal refinement, to produce what is called ``Clean Coal'', is still +being supported by the government in order to use the enormous quantity lying +beneath the Canadian surface. diff --git a/appunti/introduzione.tex~ b/appunti/introduzione.tex~ new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a4011a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/appunti/introduzione.tex~ @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +\chapter{Introduction} + +\section{History and culture of Canada} + +% [nao] +\subsection{Foundation} +Canada is one of the largest countries on the planet, in fact, it is the fourth +largest country by land area with approximately 9 million square kilometers +\cite{statscan:statarea}. Located in the northern hemisphere of the American +continent, was first discovered by Europeans in 1497 with the expedition of +John Cabot. The name ``Canada'' seems to have appeared first in the 16th century +when Jacques Cartier, during his 3 voyages to the new world, heard a groups of +natives speaking the Iroquoian language referring to a village as +``Kanada''\cite{history}. During the following centuries both French and British +colonies were established which led to numerous conflicts the two between +empires and the natives. The government of Canada was created with the +proclamation of the Constitution Act in 1867, but the present the nationals +were established only in 1999 because after since its first foundation the +dominion had expanded multiple times. + +\subsection{The Flag of Canada} +\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{.4\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=6cm]{res/images/flag_of_canada.pdf} + \caption{Current flag of Canada} +\end{wrapfigure} +The current flag of Canada was created in 1964, when the government had an +all-party parliamentary committee that prepare multiple designs. Before then +Canada didn't have its own official flag but instead used either the English +Union Jack or the Canadian Red Ensign, a red flag with a smaller Union Jack on +the top left and an ensign on the right side. +\begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=6cm]{res/images/canadian_red_ensign.pdf} + \caption{Canadian Red Ensign used before the introduction of the modern + design} +\end{figure} + +The simplest design was chosen by the parliament and the current flag was +adopted the 15 December 1964, just in time for the centennial celebration of +the confederation 3 years later. + +\section{Canadian Natives} +Before the arrival of the Europeans the northern American continent was +populated by various groups of indigenous peoples which today are referred as +First Nations or Premières Nations in French. There were 6 major tribes and +each one of them lived in a particular area of the continent, but they all +shared a similar culture and environment. First Nations lives were mostly +dependant on hunting and their social systems had evolved around it, each tribe +had a defined territory in which they were allowed to hunt and they were +socially connected through trading network. This situation was typical in the +northern area in the dark boreal forests were agriculture was very difficult. +On the other hand, tribes with settlements near the coast had a less nomadic +lifestyle that depended on fishing + + + +First Nations lived off mostly from +hunting with an advanced social sistem around it that defined territories +for each tribe. There was also a system of social orders +% tribes: +% iroquian south fertile, for agricolture +% woodland east boreal forest +% plains ??? grassland, prairies +% plateau south/north semi-desert, mountains, forest(north) +% pacific coast west abundant salmon and shellfish, gigantic red cedar for building huge houses + +% Mackenzie and Yukon River Basins ??? harsh environmnent, dark forests, barren lands, swampy + +\subsection{Nativi Canadesi} +Prima della scopeta del continente Americano il Canada era un paese popolato da +delle popolazioni native che oggi vengono chiamate "First Nations". + +\subsection{Modern Canada} +Today Canada is a powerful country with its own currency, the Canadian Dollar +(CAD), As 2016 one Canadian Dollar equals +\href{http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=CHF}{ +0.76 Swiss Francs}. Canada's GDP (as Q2 2015) is more than twice ours +(Switzerlands)\cite{swisseconomy} with a market price at 1'996'804 millions of +Canadian dollars \cite{statscan:ecoimpexps} which roughly equals to 1.54 +millions of millions of Swiss francs. +In Canada there are many cultures that are currently living one beside +each other, the nations historic multicultural background shaped the society in +a way that is very + + +Its major economic trade partners +are USA, UK and Germany. + + +\section{Natural resources} + +% [nao] +Canada's huge land area makes it one of richest countries from a natural +resources standpoint. Indeed Canada has the third largest reserve of crude oil +in the world and it is the second production of Uranium +\cite{nrcan:energyfactsbook}. But Canada is also a leader in renewable energy +production with a 18.9\% of total energy supply coming just from renewables +\cite{nrcan:renewables}. Even if most of the energy produced can be considered +eco-friendly Canada still relies heavily on non-renewable energy source as we +will see in the next paragraphs. + +\subsection{Crude Oil} + +% [nao] +Oil has become has been increasingly become a valuable resource, since the +discovery of oil sands extraction technology. The desire for oil +independence from the USA and many other NATO states has given a lot of funds +for the development of this technology. +But for the environment this is not a good, according to a study conducted in +2014 \cite{statscan:ghgemissions}, GHGs (Greenhouse Gases) emissions caused by +oil extraction industries have increased by 63.5 millions of tonnes in the last +20 years. + +\subsection{Natural Gas} + +% [nao] +Natural gas is the biggest energy source in Canada, mostly produced in Alta is +also a major cause of Nitrogen and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) pollution. +Even though its extractions and refinement technologies are getting better, the +level of pollution has not gone down since 2010. In 2014 56.6 mega tonnes of GHGs +were released on the atmosphere. Combined with the oil extraction this economic +sector accounts for 26\% of total nation emissions \cite{statscan:ghgemissions}. + +\subsection{Coal} + +% [nao] +Despite it makes up half of the world's energy source (mostly in China) and +there's an abundance of it, coal represents a minor element in the national +energy production, and almost half of the final product gets exported to Japan, +China and South Korea. Currently scientists are discouraging its usage because +of its high level of pollution and $CO_2$ emissions. Nonetheless the research in +the field of coal refinement, to produce what is called ``Clean Coal'', is still +being supported by the government in order to use the enormous quantity lying +beneath the Canadian surface. diff --git a/data/co2_emissions.ods b/data/co2_emissions.ods Binary files differindex 3169cb6..9b9f24b 100644 --- a/data/co2_emissions.ods +++ b/data/co2_emissions.ods diff --git a/data/households_heting.ods b/data/households_heting.ods Binary files differindex c271804..63eaace 100644 --- a/data/households_heting.ods +++ b/data/households_heting.ods diff --git a/docs/build/pdi.aux b/docs/build/pdi.aux index a7e6a95..894532d 100644 --- a/docs/build/pdi.aux +++ b/docs/build/pdi.aux @@ -71,18 +71,9 @@ \@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.1}Modern Canada}{3}{subsection.1.2.1}} \@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Natural 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+\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Emissioni da economie domestiche (abitazioni)}{11}{subsection.4.1.2}} +\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}L'energia dell'atomo}{11}{section.4.2}} +\newlabel{nuclear}{{4.2}{11}{L'energia dell'atomo}{section.4.2}{}} +\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Morti}{11}{subsection.4.2.1}} +\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Conclusioni}{13}{chapter.5}} \@writefile{lof}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} \@writefile{lot}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} -\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Dichiarazione d'autenticit\`a}{15}{section.5.1}} -\newlabel{LastPage}{{}{17}{}{page.17}{}} -\xdef\lastpage@lastpage{17} -\xdef\lastpage@lastpageHy{17} +\@writefile{toc}{\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax }\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Dichiarazione d'autenticit\`a}{13}{section.5.1}} +\newlabel{LastPage}{{}{15}{}{page.15}{}} +\xdef\lastpage@lastpage{15} +\xdef\lastpage@lastpageHy{15} \abx@aux@refcontextdefaultsdone \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{history}{nty/global/} \abx@aux@defaultrefcontext{0}{nrcan:energymeeting}{nty/global/} diff --git a/docs/build/pdi.bbl b/docs/build/pdi.bbl index 1697650..5728a3d 100644 --- a/docs/build/pdi.bbl +++ b/docs/build/pdi.bbl @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ % $ biblatex auxiliary file $ -% $ biblatex bbl format version 2.8 $ +% $ biblatex bbl format version 2.7 $ % Do not modify the above lines! % % This is an auxiliary file used by the 'biblatex' package. @@ -21,18 +21,16 @@ \sortlist[entry]{nty/global/} \entry{history}{online}{} \name{author}{1}{}{% - {{hash=b2bc83400e81aefcdb6838793bd45dba}{% + {{hash=09ba5d89f754cfafcb7dcb45f1a5f337}{% + prefix={of}, + prefix_i={o\bibinitperiod}, family={Canada}, - familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={C\bibinitperiod}, given={Government}, - giveni={G\bibinitperiod}, - prefix={of}, - prefixi={o\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={G\bibinitperiod}}}% } - \strng{namehash}{b2bc83400e81aefcdb6838793bd45dba} - \strng{fullhash}{b2bc83400e81aefcdb6838793bd45dba} - \strng{authornamehash}{b2bc83400e81aefcdb6838793bd45dba} - \strng{authorfullhash}{b2bc83400e81aefcdb6838793bd45dba} + \strng{namehash}{09ba5d89f754cfafcb7dcb45f1a5f337} + \strng{fullhash}{09ba5d89f754cfafcb7dcb45f1a5f337} \field{sortinit}{C} \field{sortinithash}{59f25d509f3381b07695554a9f35ecb2} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -48,14 +46,12 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=da112227293dbda0740d3a0b9718f8ae}{% family={Canada}, - familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={C\bibinitperiod}, given={Natural\bibnamedelima Resources}, - giveni={N\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={N\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod}}}% } \strng{namehash}{da112227293dbda0740d3a0b9718f8ae} \strng{fullhash}{da112227293dbda0740d3a0b9718f8ae} - \strng{authornamehash}{da112227293dbda0740d3a0b9718f8ae} - \strng{authorfullhash}{da112227293dbda0740d3a0b9718f8ae} \field{sortinit}{C} \field{sortinithash}{59f25d509f3381b07695554a9f35ecb2} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -71,14 +67,12 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba}{% family={Canada}, - familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={C\bibinitperiod}, given={Statistics}, - giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={S\bibinitperiod}}}% } \strng{namehash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} \strng{fullhash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} - \strng{authornamehash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} - \strng{authorfullhash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} \field{sortinit}{C} \field{sortinithash}{59f25d509f3381b07695554a9f35ecb2} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -94,14 +88,12 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba}{% family={Canada}, - familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={C\bibinitperiod}, given={Statistics}, - giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={S\bibinitperiod}}}% } \strng{namehash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} \strng{fullhash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} - \strng{authornamehash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} - \strng{authorfullhash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} \field{sortinit}{C} \field{sortinithash}{59f25d509f3381b07695554a9f35ecb2} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -117,14 +109,12 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba}{% family={Canada}, - familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={C\bibinitperiod}, given={Statistics}, - giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={S\bibinitperiod}}}% } \strng{namehash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} \strng{fullhash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} - \strng{authornamehash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} - \strng{authorfullhash}{7554ccf13f4b4cf14bccdc15ab46a9ba} \field{sortinit}{C} \field{sortinithash}{59f25d509f3381b07695554a9f35ecb2} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -140,14 +130,12 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=0ff946fc6324aa070b9e09814381cfc4}{% family={CANSIM}, - familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={C\bibinitperiod}, given={Statistics\bibnamedelima Canada}, - giveni={S\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={S\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% } \strng{namehash}{0ff946fc6324aa070b9e09814381cfc4} \strng{fullhash}{0ff946fc6324aa070b9e09814381cfc4} - \strng{authornamehash}{0ff946fc6324aa070b9e09814381cfc4} - \strng{authorfullhash}{0ff946fc6324aa070b9e09814381cfc4} \field{sortinit}{C} \field{sortinithash}{59f25d509f3381b07695554a9f35ecb2} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -162,14 +150,12 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=0ff946fc6324aa070b9e09814381cfc4}{% family={CANSIM}, - familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={C\bibinitperiod}, given={Statistics\bibnamedelima Canada}, - giveni={S\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={S\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% } \strng{namehash}{0ff946fc6324aa070b9e09814381cfc4} \strng{fullhash}{0ff946fc6324aa070b9e09814381cfc4} - \strng{authornamehash}{0ff946fc6324aa070b9e09814381cfc4} - \strng{authorfullhash}{0ff946fc6324aa070b9e09814381cfc4} \field{sortinit}{C} \field{sortinithash}{59f25d509f3381b07695554a9f35ecb2} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -184,17 +170,15 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=0cc0dddd9b11a6a2182ea3b2cf497eec}{% family={Carter}, - familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={C\bibinitperiod}, given={Jimmy}, - giveni={J\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={J\bibinitperiod}}}% } \list{publisher}{1}{% {A+E Networks}% } \strng{namehash}{0cc0dddd9b11a6a2182ea3b2cf497eec} \strng{fullhash}{0cc0dddd9b11a6a2182ea3b2cf497eec} - \strng{authornamehash}{0cc0dddd9b11a6a2182ea3b2cf497eec} - \strng{authorfullhash}{0cc0dddd9b11a6a2182ea3b2cf497eec} \field{sortinit}{C} \field{sortinithash}{59f25d509f3381b07695554a9f35ecb2} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -210,14 +194,12 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=12f9e87c2cf14d0f3a6d955c35168997}{% family={Confederation}, - familyi={C\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={C\bibinitperiod}, given={Swiss}, - giveni={S\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={S\bibinitperiod}}}% } \strng{namehash}{12f9e87c2cf14d0f3a6d955c35168997} \strng{fullhash}{12f9e87c2cf14d0f3a6d955c35168997} - \strng{authornamehash}{12f9e87c2cf14d0f3a6d955c35168997} - \strng{authorfullhash}{12f9e87c2cf14d0f3a6d955c35168997} \field{sortinit}{C} \field{sortinithash}{59f25d509f3381b07695554a9f35ecb2} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -232,14 +214,12 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=2fb4cfe80d4eab8c17d4dc4631ce8f1e}{% family={Galbiati}, - familyi={G\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={G\bibinitperiod}, given={Dr.\bibnamedelimi Ing.\bibnamedelimi Luca}, - giveni={D\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim I\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim L\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={D\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim I\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim L\bibinitperiod}}}% } \strng{namehash}{2fb4cfe80d4eab8c17d4dc4631ce8f1e} \strng{fullhash}{2fb4cfe80d4eab8c17d4dc4631ce8f1e} - \strng{authornamehash}{2fb4cfe80d4eab8c17d4dc4631ce8f1e} - \strng{authorfullhash}{2fb4cfe80d4eab8c17d4dc4631ce8f1e} \field{sortinit}{G} \field{sortinithash}{1c854ef9177a91bf894e66485bdbd3ed} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -254,17 +234,15 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38}{% family={({NRCan})}, - familyi={(\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={(\bibinitperiod}, given={{N}atural\bibnamedelimb {R}esources\bibnamedelima {Can}ada}, - giveni={N\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={N\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% } \list{publisher}{1}{% {{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})}% } \strng{namehash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} \strng{fullhash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} - \strng{authornamehash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} - \strng{authorfullhash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} \field{sortinit}{N} \field{sortinithash}{925374ca63e7594de7fafdb83e64d41d} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -280,17 +258,15 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38}{% family={({NRCan})}, - familyi={(\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={(\bibinitperiod}, given={{N}atural\bibnamedelimb {R}esources\bibnamedelima {Can}ada}, - giveni={N\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={N\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% } \list{publisher}{1}{% {{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})}% } \strng{namehash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} \strng{fullhash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} - \strng{authornamehash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} - \strng{authorfullhash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} \field{sortinit}{N} \field{sortinithash}{925374ca63e7594de7fafdb83e64d41d} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -306,17 +282,15 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38}{% family={({NRCan})}, - familyi={(\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={(\bibinitperiod}, given={{N}atural\bibnamedelimb {R}esources\bibnamedelima {Can}ada}, - giveni={N\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={N\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% } \list{publisher}{1}{% {{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})}% } \strng{namehash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} \strng{fullhash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} - \strng{authornamehash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} - \strng{authorfullhash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} \field{sortinit}{N} \field{sortinithash}{925374ca63e7594de7fafdb83e64d41d} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -332,14 +306,12 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38}{% family={({NRCan})}, - familyi={(\bibinitperiod}, + family_i={(\bibinitperiod}, given={{N}atural\bibnamedelimb {R}esources\bibnamedelima {Can}ada}, - giveni={N\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% + given_i={N\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim R\bibinitperiod\bibinitdelim C\bibinitperiod}}}% } \strng{namehash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} \strng{fullhash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} - \strng{authornamehash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} - \strng{authorfullhash}{b4713777912a4be7c1b853b955d18e38} \field{sortinit}{N} \field{sortinithash}{925374ca63e7594de7fafdb83e64d41d} \field{labelnamesource}{author} @@ -355,12 +327,10 @@ \name{author}{1}{}{% {{hash=9c677286866aad38f8e9b660f5411814}{% family={Wikipedia}, - familyi={W\bibinitperiod}}}% + family_i={W\bibinitperiod}}}% } \strng{namehash}{9c677286866aad38f8e9b660f5411814} \strng{fullhash}{9c677286866aad38f8e9b660f5411814} - \strng{authornamehash}{9c677286866aad38f8e9b660f5411814} - \strng{authorfullhash}{9c677286866aad38f8e9b660f5411814} \field{sortinit}{W} \field{sortinithash}{99e3ba1b3f78bb6f073e7fa7ac11636b} \field{labelnamesource}{author} diff --git a/docs/build/pdi.bcf b/docs/build/pdi.bcf index 341586b..7a0c640 100644 --- a/docs/build/pdi.bcf +++ b/docs/build/pdi.bcf @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> -<bcf:controlfile version="3.2" bltxversion="3.6" xmlns:bcf="https://sourceforge.net/projects/biblatex"> +<bcf:controlfile version="3.1" bltxversion="3.4" xmlns:bcf="https://sourceforge.net/projects/biblatex"> <!-- BIBER OPTIONS --> <bcf:options component="biber" type="global"> <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> @@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ <bcf:value>1</bcf:value> </bcf:option> <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> + <bcf:key>sortgiveninits</bcf:key> + <bcf:value>0</bcf:value> + </bcf:option> + <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> <bcf:key>sortupper</bcf:key> <bcf:value>1</bcf:value> </bcf:option> @@ -58,32 +62,22 @@ <bcf:key>labeltitlespec</bcf:key> <bcf:value order="1">shorttitle</bcf:value> <bcf:value order="2">title</bcf:value> - <bcf:value order="3">maintitle</bcf:value> </bcf:option> <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> <bcf:key>labeltitleyear</bcf:key> <bcf:value>0</bcf:value> </bcf:option> <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> - <bcf:key>labeldateparts</bcf:key> + <bcf:key>labeldate</bcf:key> <bcf:value>0</bcf:value> </bcf:option> <bcf:option type="multivalued"> <bcf:key>labeldatespec</bcf:key> <bcf:value order="1" type="field">date</bcf:value> - <bcf:value order="2" type="field">year</bcf:value> - <bcf:value order="3" type="field">eventdate</bcf:value> - <bcf:value order="4" type="field">origdate</bcf:value> - <bcf:value order="5" type="field">urldate</bcf:value> - <bcf:value order="6" type="string">nodate</bcf:value> - </bcf:option> - <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> - <bcf:key>julian</bcf:key> - <bcf:value>0</bcf:value> - </bcf:option> - <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> - <bcf:key>gregorianstart</bcf:key> - <bcf:value>1582-10-15</bcf:value> + <bcf:value order="2" type="field">eventdate</bcf:value> + <bcf:value order="3" type="field">origdate</bcf:value> + <bcf:value order="4" type="field">urldate</bcf:value> + <bcf:value order="5" type="string">nodate</bcf:value> </bcf:option> <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> <bcf:key>maxalphanames</bcf:key> @@ -150,14 +144,6 @@ <bcf:value>0</bcf:value> </bcf:option> <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> - <bcf:key>uniquebaretitle</bcf:key> - <bcf:value>0</bcf:value> - </bcf:option> - <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> - <bcf:key>uniquework</bcf:key> - <bcf:value>0</bcf:value> - </bcf:option> - <bcf:option type="singlevalued"> <bcf:key>useprefix</bcf:key> <bcf:value>0</bcf:value> </bcf:option> @@ -237,11 +223,9 @@ <!-- BIBLATEX OPTION SCOPE --> <bcf:optionscope type="GLOBAL"> <bcf:option datatype="xml">datamodel</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="xml">labelalphanametemplate</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="xml">labelalphatemplate</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="xml">inheritance</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="xml">translit</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="xml">uniquenametemplate</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="xml">sortingnamekey</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="xml">sortscheme</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="xml">labelnamespec</bcf:option> @@ -261,22 +245,12 @@ <bcf:option datatype="string">autolang</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">backrefsetstyle</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">block</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="string">labeldate</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">datelabel</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="string">labeltime</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="string">dateera</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">date</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="string">time</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">eventdate</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="string">eventtime</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">origdate</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="string">origtime</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">urldate</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="string">urltime</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="string">alldatesusetime</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">alldates</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="string">alltimes</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="string">gregorianstart</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">autocite</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">notetype</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">refsection</bcf:option> @@ -284,10 +258,6 @@ <bcf:option datatype="string">citereset</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">backrefstyle</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="string">arxiv</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">familyinits</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">giveninits</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">prefixinits</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">suffixinits</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useafterword</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useannotator</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useauthor</bcf:option> @@ -311,10 +281,11 @@ <bcf:option datatype="boolean">safeinputenc</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">sortcase</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">sortupper</bcf:option> + <bcf:option datatype="boolean">terseinits</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">firstinits</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">sortfirstinits</bcf:option> + <bcf:option datatype="boolean">giveninits</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">sortgiveninits</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">terseinits</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">abbreviate</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">dateabbrev</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">clearlang</bcf:option> @@ -330,32 +301,19 @@ <bcf:option datatype="boolean">opcittracker</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">loccittracker</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">parentracker</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeldateusetime</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">datecirca</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">dateuncertain</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">dateusetime</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">eventdateusetime</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">origdateusetime</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">urldateusetime</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">julian</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">datezeros</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">timezeros</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">timezones</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">seconds</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">autopunct</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">punctfont</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelnumber</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelalpha</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeltitle</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeltitleyear</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeldateparts</bcf:option> + <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeldate</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelyear</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquelist</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquename</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">singletitle</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquetitle</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquebaretitle</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquework</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniqueprimaryauthor</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">defernumbers</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">bibwarn</bcf:option> @@ -380,7 +338,6 @@ <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxalphanames</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="integer">minalphanames</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="integer">maxparens</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="integer">dateeraauto</bcf:option> </bcf:optionscope> <bcf:optionscope type="ENTRYTYPE"> <bcf:option datatype="string">alphaothers</bcf:option> @@ -409,21 +366,18 @@ <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelalpha</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeltitle</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeltitleyear</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeldateparts</bcf:option> + <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labeldate</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">labelyear</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquelist</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquename</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">singletitle</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquetitle</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquebaretitle</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="boolean">uniquework</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">useprefix</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skipbib</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skiplos</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skipbiblist</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">skiplab</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="boolean">dataonly</bcf:option> - <bcf:option datatype="xml">labelalphanametemplate</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="xml">labelalphatemplate</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="xml">translit</bcf:option> <bcf:option datatype="xml">sortexclusion</bcf:option> @@ -539,19 +493,73 @@ <bcf:map_step map_field_source="pdf" map_field_target="file"/> </bcf:map> </bcf:maps> + <bcf:maps datatype="ris" level="driver"> + <bcf:map> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="ART" map_type_target="artwork"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="BILL" map_type_target="jurisdiction"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="BOOK" map_type_target="book"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="CHAP" map_type_target="inbook"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="COMP" map_type_target="software"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="CONF" map_type_target="proceedings"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="GEN" map_type_target="misc"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="JFULL" map_type_target="article"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="JOUR" map_type_target="article"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="MGZN" map_type_target="misc"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="MPCT" map_type_target="movie"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="NEWS" map_type_target="misc"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="PAMP" map_type_target="misc"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="PAT" map_type_target="patent"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="PCOMM" map_type_target="misc"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="RPRT" map_type_target="report"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="SER" map_type_target="misc"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="SLIDE" map_type_target="misc"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="SOUND" map_type_target="audio"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="STAT" map_type_target="legal"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="THES" map_type_target="thesis"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="UNBILL" map_type_target="jurisdiction"/> + <bcf:map_step map_type_source="UNPB" map_type_target="unpublished"/> + </bcf:map> + <bcf:map> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="Y1" map_field_target="date"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="PY" map_field_target="date"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="Y2" map_field_target="eventdate"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="A1" map_field_target="author"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="AU" map_field_target="author"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="A2" map_field_target="editor"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="A3" map_field_target="editor"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="ED" map_field_target="editor"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="SPEP" map_field_target="pages"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="N1" map_field_target="note"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="N2" map_field_target="abstract"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="AB" map_field_target="abstract"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="JO" map_field_target="journaltitle"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="JF" map_field_target="journaltitle"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="JA" map_field_target="shortjournal"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="VL" map_field_target="volume"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="IS" map_field_target="issue"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="CP" map_field_target="issue"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="CY" map_field_target="location"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="SN" map_field_target="isbn"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="PB" map_field_target="publisher"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="KW" map_field_target="keywords"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="TI" map_field_target="title"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="U1" map_field_target="usera"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="U2" map_field_target="userb"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="U3" map_field_target="userc"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="U4" map_field_target="userd"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="U5" map_field_target="usere"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="UR" map_field_target="url"/> + <bcf:map_step map_field_source="L1" map_field_target="file"/> + </bcf:map> + </bcf:maps> </bcf:sourcemap> - <!-- LABELALPHA NAME TEMPLATE --> - <bcf:labelalphanametemplate type="global"> - <bcf:namepart order="1" use="1" pre="1" substring_width="1" substring_compound="1">prefix</bcf:namepart> - <bcf:namepart order="2">family</bcf:namepart> - </bcf:labelalphanametemplate> <!-- LABELALPHA TEMPLATE --> <bcf:labelalphatemplate type="global"> <bcf:labelelement order="1"> <bcf:labelpart final="1">shorthand</bcf:labelpart> <bcf:labelpart>label</bcf:labelpart> - <bcf:labelpart substring_width="3" substring_side="left" ifnames="1">labelname</bcf:labelpart> - <bcf:labelpart substring_width="1" substring_side="left">labelname</bcf:labelpart> + <bcf:labelpart substring_width="3" substring_side="left" ifnames="1" substring_pcompound="1">labelname</bcf:labelpart> + <bcf:labelpart substring_width="1" substring_side="left" substring_pcompound="1">labelname</bcf:labelpart> </bcf:labelelement> <bcf:labelelement order="2"> <bcf:labelpart substring_width="2" substring_side="right">year</bcf:labelpart> @@ -681,12 +689,6 @@ <bcf:field source="sortkey" skip="true"/> </bcf:inherit> </bcf:inheritance> - <!-- UNIQUENAME TEMPLATE --> - <bcf:uniquenametemplate> - <bcf:namepart order="1" use="1" base="1">prefix</bcf:namepart> - <bcf:namepart order="2" base="1">family</bcf:namepart> - <bcf:namepart order="3">given</bcf:namepart> - </bcf:uniquenametemplate> <!-- SORTING NAME KEY --> <bcf:sortingnamekey keyscheme="global"> <bcf:keypart order="1"> @@ -731,15 +733,15 @@ <bcf:sortitem order="2">year</bcf:sortitem> </bcf:sort> <bcf:sort order="6"> - <bcf:sortitem order="1">volume</bcf:sortitem> - <bcf:sortitem order="2">0</bcf:sortitem> + <bcf:sortitem order="1" pad_side="left" pad_width="4" pad_char="0">volume</bcf:sortitem> + <bcf:sortitem order="2">0000</bcf:sortitem> </bcf:sort> </bcf:sorting> <!-- DATA MODEL --> <bcf:datamodel> <bcf:constants> <bcf:constant type="list" name="gender">sf,sm,sn,pf,pm,pn,pp</bcf:constant> - <bcf:constant type="list" name="nameparts">family,given,prefix,suffix</bcf:constant> + <bcf:constant type="list" name="nameparts">prefix,family,suffix,given</bcf:constant> <bcf:constant type="list" name="optiondatatypes">boolean,integer,string,xml</bcf:constant> </bcf:constants> <bcf:entrytypes> @@ -794,9 +796,6 @@ <bcf:entrytype skip_output="true">xdata</bcf:entrytype> </bcf:entrytypes> <bcf:fields> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="integer">number</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="integer">volume</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="integer">volumes</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">abstract</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">addendum</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">annotation</bcf:field> @@ -835,6 +834,7 @@ <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">maintitleaddon</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">nameaddon</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">note</bcf:field> + <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">number</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">origtitle</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">pagetotal</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">part</bcf:field> @@ -854,13 +854,15 @@ <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">userf</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">venue</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">version</bcf:field> + <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">volume</bcf:field> + <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal">volumes</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" label="true">shorthand</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" label="true">shortjournal</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" label="true">shortseries</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" label="true">shorttitle</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="integer" skip_output="true">sortyear</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" skip_output="true">sorttitle</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" skip_output="true">sortshorthand</bcf:field> + <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" skip_output="true">sortyear</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" skip_output="true">sortkey</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="literal" skip_output="true">presort</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="list" datatype="literal">institution</bcf:field> @@ -915,69 +917,29 @@ <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">year</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">month</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">day</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">hour</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">minute</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">second</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">timezone</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">season</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endmonth</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endday</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endhour</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endminute</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endsecond</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endtimezone</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">endseason</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="date" skip_output="true">eventdate</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">eventendyear</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventyear</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventmonth</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventday</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventhour</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventminute</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventsecond</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventtimezone</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventseason</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendmonth</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendday</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendhour</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendminute</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendsecond</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendtimezone</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">eventendseason</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="date" skip_output="true">origdate</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">origendyear</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origyear</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origmonth</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origday</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">orighour</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origminute</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origsecond</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origtimezone</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origseason</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendmonth</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendday</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendhour</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendminute</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendsecond</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendtimezone</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">origendseason</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="date" skip_output="true">urldate</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart" nullok="true">urlendyear</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlyear</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlmonth</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlday</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlhour</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlminute</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlsecond</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urltimezone</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlseason</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendmonth</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendday</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendhour</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendminute</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendsecond</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendtimezone</bcf:field> - <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="datepart">urlendseason</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="verbatim">doi</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="verbatim">eprint</bcf:field> <bcf:field fieldtype="field" datatype="verbatim">file</bcf:field> @@ -1601,14 +1563,6 @@ <bcf:field>pubstate</bcf:field> <bcf:field>subtitle</bcf:field> <bcf:field>titleaddon</bcf:field> - <bcf:field>urlhour</bcf:field> - <bcf:field>urlminute</bcf:field> - <bcf:field>urlsecond</bcf:field> - <bcf:field>urltimezone</bcf:field> - <bcf:field>urlendhour</bcf:field> - <bcf:field>urlendminute</bcf:field> - <bcf:field>urlendsecond</bcf:field> - <bcf:field>urlendtimezone</bcf:field> <bcf:field>urlday</bcf:field> <bcf:field>urlendday</bcf:field> <bcf:field>urlendmonth</bcf:field> @@ -2150,16 +2104,15 @@ <bcf:citekey order="6">nrcan:renewables</bcf:citekey> <bcf:citekey order="7">statscan:ghgemissions</bcf:citekey> <bcf:citekey order="8">statscan:ghgemissions</bcf:citekey> - <bcf:citekey order="9">nrcan:energyfactsbook</bcf:citekey> - <bcf:citekey order="10">nrcan:nacei</bcf:citekey> - <bcf:citekey order="11">nrcan:energymeeting</bcf:citekey> - <bcf:citekey order="12">nrcan:wind</bcf:citekey> - <bcf:citekey order="13">nrcan:energyfactsbook</bcf:citekey> - <bcf:citekey order="14">pieroconti</bcf:citekey> - <bcf:citekey order="15">energycrisis</bcf:citekey> - <bcf:citekey order="16">cansim:electricity</bcf:citekey> - <bcf:citekey order="17">poterecalorico</bcf:citekey> - <bcf:citekey order="18">cansim:electricityfuel</bcf:citekey> + <bcf:citekey order="9">nrcan:nacei</bcf:citekey> + <bcf:citekey order="10">nrcan:energymeeting</bcf:citekey> + <bcf:citekey order="11">nrcan:wind</bcf:citekey> + <bcf:citekey order="12">nrcan:energyfactsbook</bcf:citekey> + <bcf:citekey order="13">pieroconti</bcf:citekey> + <bcf:citekey order="14">energycrisis</bcf:citekey> + <bcf:citekey order="15">cansim:electricity</bcf:citekey> + <bcf:citekey order="16">poterecalorico</bcf:citekey> + <bcf:citekey order="17">cansim:electricityfuel</bcf:citekey> </bcf:section> <bcf:sortlist section="0" name="nty/global/" type="entry" sortscheme="nty" sortnamekeyscheme="global" labelprefix=""> <bcf:sorting> @@ -2186,8 +2139,8 @@ <bcf:sortitem order="2">year</bcf:sortitem> </bcf:sort> <bcf:sort order="6"> - <bcf:sortitem order="1">volume</bcf:sortitem> - <bcf:sortitem order="2">0</bcf:sortitem> + <bcf:sortitem order="1" pad_side="left" pad_width="4" pad_char="0">volume</bcf:sortitem> + <bcf:sortitem order="2">0000</bcf:sortitem> </bcf:sort> </bcf:sorting> </bcf:sortlist> @@ -2216,8 +2169,8 @@ <bcf:sortitem order="2">year</bcf:sortitem> </bcf:sort> <bcf:sort order="6"> - <bcf:sortitem order="1">volume</bcf:sortitem> - <bcf:sortitem order="2">0</bcf:sortitem> + <bcf:sortitem order="1" pad_side="left" pad_width="4" pad_char="0">volume</bcf:sortitem> + <bcf:sortitem order="2">0000</bcf:sortitem> </bcf:sort> </bcf:sorting> </bcf:sortlist> diff --git a/docs/build/pdi.blg b/docs/build/pdi.blg index a964e36..35df717 100644 --- a/docs/build/pdi.blg +++ b/docs/build/pdi.blg @@ -1,18 +1,17 @@ -[0] Config.pm:354> INFO - This is Biber 2.6 -[0] Config.pm:357> INFO - Logfile is 'build/pdi.blg' -[20] biber:302> INFO - === Sun Dec 11, 2016, 20:28:45 -[29] Biber.pm:360> INFO - Reading 'build/pdi.bcf' -[78] Biber.pm:824> INFO - Found 15 citekeys in bib section 0 -[85] Biber.pm:3659> INFO - Processing section 0 -[93] Biber.pm:3829> INFO - Looking for bibtex format file 'pdi.bib' for section 0 -[95] bibtex.pm:1414> INFO - Decoding LaTeX character macros into UTF-8 -[96] bibtex.pm:1271> INFO - Found BibTeX data source 'pdi.bib' -[105] Utils.pm:164> WARN - year field '12.2.2016' in entry 'nrcan:energymeeting' is not an integer - this will probably not sort properly. -[108] Utils.pm:164> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /tmp/bSPdYXyF9n/pdi.bib_17797.utf8, line 33, warning: 5 characters of junk seen at toplevel -[120] UCollate.pm:68> INFO - Overriding locale 'it-IT' defaults 'normalization = NFD' with 'normalization = prenormalized' -[120] UCollate.pm:68> INFO - Overriding locale 'it-IT' defaults 'variable = shifted' with 'variable = non-ignorable' -[120] Biber.pm:3488> INFO - Sorting list 'nty/global/' of type 'entry' with scheme 'nty' and locale 'it-IT' -[120] Biber.pm:3494> INFO - No sort tailoring available for locale 'it-IT' -[129] bbl.pm:597> INFO - Writing 'build/pdi.bbl' with encoding 'UTF-8' -[130] bbl.pm:701> INFO - Output to build/pdi.bbl -[131] Biber.pm:110> INFO - WARNINGS: 2 +[1] Config.pm:343> INFO - This is Biber 2.5 +[1] Config.pm:346> INFO - Logfile is 'build/pdi.blg' +[77] biber:290> INFO - === Tue Dec 13, 2016, 10:25:08 +[226] Biber.pm:351> INFO - Reading 'build/pdi.bcf' +[470] Biber.pm:776> INFO - Found 15 citekeys in bib section 0 +[491] Biber.pm:3493> INFO - Processing section 0 +[508] Biber.pm:3657> INFO - Looking for bibtex format file 'pdi.bib' for section 0 +[590] bibtex.pm:1187> INFO - Decoding LaTeX character macros into UTF-8 +[662] bibtex.pm:1048> INFO - Found BibTeX data source 'pdi.bib' +[705] Utils.pm:149> WARN - BibTeX subsystem: /tmp/WOob9y94Zj/pdi.bib_3798.utf8, line 33, warning: 5 characters of junk seen at toplevel +[748] UCollate.pm:66> INFO - Overriding locale 'it-IT' defaults 'variable = shifted' with 'variable = non-ignorable' +[748] UCollate.pm:66> INFO - Overriding locale 'it-IT' defaults 'normalization = NFD' with 'normalization = prenormalized' +[748] Biber.pm:3306> INFO - Sorting list 'nty/global/' of type 'entry' with scheme 'nty' and locale 'it-IT' +[748] Biber.pm:3310> INFO - No sort tailoring available for locale 'it-IT' +[773] bbl.pm:526> INFO - Writing 'build/pdi.bbl' with encoding 'UTF-8' +[840] bbl.pm:619> INFO - Output to build/pdi.bbl +[840] Biber.pm:108> INFO - WARNINGS: 1 diff --git a/docs/build/pdi.log b/docs/build/pdi.log index 597865e..2c5f897 100644 --- a/docs/build/pdi.log +++ b/docs/build/pdi.log @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -This is LuaTeX, Version 0.95.0 (TeX Live 2016/Debian) (format=lualatex 2016.12.8) 11 DEC 2016 20:28 +This is LuaTeX, Version 0.95.0 (TeX Live 2016) (format=lualatex 2016.11.22) 13 DEC 2016 10:25 restricted system commands enabled. **pdi (./pdi.tex -LaTeX2e <2016/03/31> patch level 3 +LaTeX2e <2016/03/31> Babel <3.9r> and hyphenation patterns for 1 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Package biblatex Info: ... file 'biblatex.def' found. -(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/biblatex.def -File: biblatex.def 2016/09/17 v3.6 biblatex compatibility (PK/JW/AB) +(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/biblatex.def +File: biblatex.def 2016/05/14 v3.4 biblatex compatibility (PK/JW/AB) \c@textcitecount=\count285 \c@textcitetotal=\count286 \c@textcitemaxnames=\count287 @@ -526,21 +532,21 @@ File: biblatex.def 2016/09/17 v3.6 biblatex compatibility (PK/JW/AB) Package biblatex Info: Trying to load bibliography style 'numeric'... Package biblatex Info: ... file 'numeric.bbx' found. -(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/bbx/numeric.bbx -File: numeric.bbx 2016/09/17 v3.6 biblatex bibliography style (PK/JW/AB) +(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/bbx/numeric.bbx +File: numeric.bbx 2016/05/14 v3.4 biblatex bibliography style (PK/JW/AB) Package biblatex Info: Trying to load bibliography style 'standard'... 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399 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) + 355 compressed objects within 4 object streams + 66 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 131072) 217 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) diff --git a/docs/build/pdi.out b/docs/build/pdi.out index 1993c39..32636b0 100644 --- a/docs/build/pdi.out +++ b/docs/build/pdi.out @@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ \BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.2}{Canadian Natives}{chapter.1}% 5 \BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.1.2.1}{Modern Canada}{section.1.2}% 6 \BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.1.3}{Natural resources}{chapter.1}% 7 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.1.3.1}{Non-renewable energy sources}{section.1.3}% 8 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.1.3.2}{Renewable energy sources}{section.1.3}% 9 -\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.1.3.3}{Nuclear energy}{section.1.3}% 10 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.1.3.1}{Crude Oil}{section.1.3}% 8 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.1.3.2}{Natural Gas}{section.1.3}% 9 +\BOOKMARK [2][-]{subsection.1.3.3}{Coal}{section.1.3}% 10 \BOOKMARK [0][-]{chapter.2}{Produzione Energetica}{}% 11 \BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.1}{Energia Eolica}{chapter.2}% 12 \BOOKMARK [1][-]{section.2.2}{Energia Idroelettrica}{chapter.2}% 13 diff --git a/docs/build/pdi.pdf b/docs/build/pdi.pdf Binary files differindex d82d206..1078f3f 100644 --- a/docs/build/pdi.pdf +++ b/docs/build/pdi.pdf diff --git a/docs/build/pdi.toc b/docs/build/pdi.toc index 0b6e9cb..409c999 100644 --- a/docs/build/pdi.toc +++ b/docs/build/pdi.toc @@ -25,64 +25,48 @@ \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax \contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Natural resources}{3}{section.1.3} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.1}Non-renewable energy sources}{4}{subsection.1.3.1} +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.1}Crude Oil}{4}{subsection.1.3.1} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsubsection}{Crude Oil}{4}{section*.2} +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.2}Natural Gas}{4}{subsection.1.3.2} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsubsection}{Natural Gas}{4}{section*.3} -\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsubsection}{Coal}{4}{section*.4} -\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.2}Renewable energy sources}{4}{subsection.1.3.2} -\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsubsection}{Wind Energy}{4}{section*.5} -\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsubsection}{Solar Photovoltaic}{5}{section*.6} -\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsubsection}{Hydroelectric}{5}{section*.7} -\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsubsection}{Solar Thermal}{5}{section*.8} -\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsubsection}{Marine Energy}{5}{section*.9} -\defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.3}Nuclear energy}{6}{subsection.1.3.3} +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.3.3}Coal}{4}{subsection.1.3.3} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax \select@language {italian} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Produzione Energetica}{7}{chapter.2} +\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Produzione Energetica}{5}{chapter.2} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Energia Eolica}{7}{section.2.1} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Energia Eolica}{5}{section.2.1} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Energia Idroelettrica}{8}{section.2.2} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Energia Idroelettrica}{6}{section.2.2} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Energia Marina}{8}{section.2.3} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Energia Marina}{6}{section.2.3} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Energia Solare Fotovoltaica}{8}{section.2.4} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Energia Solare Fotovoltaica}{6}{section.2.4} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.5}Energia Solare Termica}{9}{section.2.5} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.5}Energia Solare Termica}{7}{section.2.5} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.6}Energia Geotermica}{9}{section.2.6} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.6}Energia Geotermica}{7}{section.2.6} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Consumo Energetico}{10}{chapter.3} +\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Consumo Energetico}{8}{chapter.3} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Consumo Elettrico}{10}{section.3.1} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Consumo Elettrico}{8}{section.3.1} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Politiche Ecologiche}{11}{chapter.4} +\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Politiche Ecologiche}{9}{chapter.4} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Emissioni}{11}{section.4.1} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Emissioni}{9}{section.4.1} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Produzione Elettrica}{11}{subsection.4.1.1} +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Produzione Elettrica}{9}{subsection.4.1.1} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {paragraph}{Coefficente di emissione di CO\textsubscript {2} ($k_{CO_2}$):}{12}{section*.10} +\contentsline {paragraph}{Coefficente di emissione di CO\textsubscript {2} ($k_{CO_2}$):}{10}{section*.2} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {paragraph}{Potere Calorico ($\Delta _c$):}{12}{section*.11} +\contentsline {paragraph}{Potere Calorico ($\Delta _c$):}{10}{section*.3} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Emissioni da economie domestiche (abitazioni)}{13}{subsection.4.1.2} +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Emissioni da economie domestiche (abitazioni)}{11}{subsection.4.1.2} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}L'energia dell'atomo}{13}{section.4.2} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}L'energia dell'atomo}{11}{section.4.2} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Morti}{13}{subsection.4.2.1} +\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Morti}{11}{subsection.4.2.1} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Conclusioni}{15}{chapter.5} +\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Conclusioni}{13}{chapter.5} \defcounter {refsection}{0}\relax -\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Dichiarazione d'autenticit\`a}{15}{section.5.1} +\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Dichiarazione d'autenticit\`a}{13}{section.5.1} diff --git a/docs/pdi.bib~ b/docs/pdi.bib~ new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b36135a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/pdi.bib~ @@ -0,0 +1,289 @@ +%% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% DOCUMENTI {{{ +%% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +%% file: energia_sostenibile.pdf sustainable_energy.pdf +@book{withouthotair, + author = "David JC MacKay", + title = "Sustinable Energy - Without hot air", + year = "2008", + publisher = "UIT", + keywords = "ref" +} + +%% - HISTORY {{{ --------------------------------------------------------------- +@online{energycrisis, + author = "Jimmy Carter", + title = "Energy Crisis (1970s)", + year = "2010", + publisher = "A+E Networks", + keywords = "ref", + url = "http://www.history.com/topics/energy-crisis" +} + +@online{pieroconti, + author = "Wikipedia", + title = "Piero Ginori Conti", + keywords = "ref", + url = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piero_Ginori_Conti" +} +$$ }}} + +%% - ECONOMICS RELATED DATA {{{ ------------------------------------------------ +@online{swisseconomy, + author = "Swiss Confederation", + title = "National Economy", + keywords = "ref", + url = "http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/themen/04/02/01.html" +} + +%% }}} + +%% - SCIENCE AND NATURE {{{ ---------------------------------------------------- +@online{originofwind, + author = "National Weather Service", + title = "Origin of wind", + keywords = "ref", + url = "http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/synoptic/wind.html" +} + +@online{naturalgas, + author = "{C}anadian {A}ssociation of {P}etroleum {P}roducers ({CAPP})", + title = "Natural Gas Development", + keywords = "ref", + url = "http://www.capp.ca/canadian-oil-and-natural-gas/natural-gas/natural-gas-development" +} + +@online{co2:oil, + author = "Ann-Kristin Peterson \and Jürg Rohrer", + title = "What is a carbon footprint - definition", + keywords = "ref", + url = "http://timeforchange.org/what-is-a-carbon-footprint-definition" +} + +@online{poterecalorico, + author = "Dr. Ing. Luca Galbiati", + title = "Potere calorifico dei combustibili", + keywords = "ref", + url = "http://www.manualihoepli.it/media/doc/pr243.pdf" + % url = "http://www.manualihoepli.it/index.php?sezione=autori&id=79" +} + +@online{solarthermal, + author = "Aisha Abdelhamid", + title = "Solar Thermal Panels For Heating and Cooling", + keywords = "ref", + url = "https://cleantechnica.com/2015/05/04/solar-thermal-panels-heating-cooling/" +} +%% }}} + +%% }}} + + +%% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +%% DOCUMENTI DA ENTITA` GOVERNATIVE {{{ +%% ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +%% - STATISTICS CANADA CANSIM {{{ ---------------------------------------------- +@online{cansim:electricity, + author = "Statistics Canada CANSIM", + title = "Electric power generation, by class of electricity producer", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1270007&pattern=electric+power+generation&tabMode=dataTable&srchLan=-1&p1=1&p2=9" +} + +@online{cansim:electricityfuel, + author = "Statistics Canada CANSIM", + title = "Fuel consumed for electric power generation, by electric utility thermal plants", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1270004&pattern=electric+power+fuel&tabMode=dataTable&srchLan=-1&p1=1&p2=9" +} + +@online{cansim:householdsheating, + author = "Statistics Canda CANSIM", + title = "Households and the environment survey, primary heating system, Canada, provinces and census metropolitan areas (CMA)", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www5.statcan.gc.ca/cansim/a26?lang=eng&retrLang=eng&id=1530145&pattern=households+heating&tabMode=dataTable&srchLan=-1&p1=1&p2=9" +} +%% }}} + +%% - STATISTICS CANADA {{{ ----------------------------------------------------- +@online{statcan:demographics, + author = "Statistics Canada", + title = "Population by year, by province and territory", + keyword = "gov", + url = "http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/demo02a-eng.htm" +} + +@online{statcan:energy, + author = "Statistics Canada", + title = "Energy", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-402-x/2012000/chap/ener/ener-eng.htm" +} + +%% file: phys01-eng.csv +@online{statscan:statarea, + author = "Statistics Canada", + title = "Land and freshwater area, by province and territory", + year = "2005", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/phys01-eng.htm" +} + +%% file: +@online{statscan:ecoimpexps, + author = "Statistics Canada", + title = "Imports, exports and trade balance of goods on a balance-of-payments basis, by country or country grouping", + year = "2005", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/gblec02a-eng.htm" +} + +% file: GHGEmissions_EN.pdf +@misc{statscan:ghgemissions, + author = "Statistics Canada", + title = "Greenhouse Gas Emissions", + year = "2016", + keywords = "gov", + url = "https://www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/default.asp?lang=en&n=FBF8455E-1" +} + +% file : 11-526-s2010001-eng.pdf +@techreport{statscan:householdsconsumption, + author = "Statistics Canada", + title = "Households and the Environment: Energy Use", + year = "2007", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-526-s/11-526-s2010001-eng.pdf" +} +%% }}} + +%% - ENVIRNONMENT CANADA {{{ --------------------------------------------------- +%% file: ID_3050_Overview of 2014 NPRI data_EN_Nov-9-15_3.pdf +@techreport{envcan:npridata, + author = "{N}ational {P}ollutant {R}elease {I}nventory ({NPRI})", + title = "Overview of Reviewed Facility - Reported Data", + institution = "Environment Canada", + year = "2014", + keywords = "gov", + url = "https://www.ec.gc.ca/inrp-npri/B85A1846-04AB-4E40-ACA0-E7DA313CA7AD/ID_3050_Overview%20of%202014%20NPRI%20data_EN_Nov-9-15_3.pdf" +} + +%% file: Envirostat_16-002-x2008004-eng.pdf +@techreport{envcan:envirostats, + author = "Gabriel Clark-Milito, Alison Gagnon", + title = "Greenhouse gas emissions: a focus on Canadian households", + institution = "Environment Canada", + year = "2008", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-002-x/16-002-x2008004-eng.pdf" +} +%% }}} + +%% - NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA {{{ ---------------------------------------------- +%% file: EnergyFactBook2015-Eng_Web.pdf +@book{nrcan:energyfactsbook, + author = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + title = "Energy Fact Book", + year = "2015", + publisher = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + keywords = "gov", + url = "https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/energy/files/pdf/EnergyFactBook2015-Eng_Web.pdf" +} + +@online{nrcan:electricity, + author = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + title = "About Electricity", + year = "2016", + publisher = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/electricity-infrastructure/about-electricity/735" +} + +@online{nrcan:renewables, + author = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + title = "About Renewable Energy", + year = "2016", + publisher = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + keywords = "gov", + url = "https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/renewable-electricity/7295" +} + +@online{nrcan:energymeeting, + author = "Natural Resources Canada", + title = "Minister Carr Hosts North American Energy Ministers Meeting", + year = "12.2.2016", + keywords = "gov", + url = "https://goo.gl/htBHw1" +} + +@online{nrcan:nacei, + author = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + title = "North American Cooperation on Energy Information (NACEI)", + year = "2016", + keywords = "gov", + url = "https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/international/nacei/18051" +} + +%% file: renewable_energy_e.pdf +@proceedings{nrcan:wind, + author = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + title = "Canada – A Global Leader in Renewable Energy, Enhancing Collaboration on Renewable Energy Technologies", + year = "2013", + publisher = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + keywords = "gov", + url = "https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/www/pdf/publications/emmc/renewable_energy_e.pdf" +} + +%% file: trends.pdf +@proceedings{nrcan:energytrends, + author = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + title = "Energy Efficiency Trends in Canada", + year = "2011", + publisher = "{N}atural {R}esources {Can}ada ({NRCan})", + url = "http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/publications/statistics/trends11/pdf/trends.pdf" +} +%% }}} + +%% - NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD {{{ ------------------------------------------------- +%% file: 2014nrgdnmc-eng.pdf +@techreport{nebcan:energyboard, + author = "{N}ational {E}nergy {B}oard Canada", + title = "Canadian Energy Dynamics: Review of 2014", + year = "2014", + publisher = "{N}ational {E}nergy {B}oard Canada", + keywords = "gov", + url = "https://www.neb-one.gc.ca/nrg/ntgrtd/mrkt/dnmc/2014/2014nrgdnmc-eng.pdf" +} +%% }}} + +%% - OTHER {{{ ----------------------------------------------------------------- +% file: M183-2-6914-eng.pdf1 +@techreport{gerpc:getermalpot, + author = "S.E. Grasby and D.M. Allen and S. Bell and Z. Chen and G. Ferguson and A. Jessop and M. Kelman and M. Ko and J. Majorowicz and M. Moore and J. Raymond and R. Therrien", + title = "Geothermal Energy Resource Potential of Canada", + year = "2012", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/rncan-nrcan/M183-2-6914-eng.pdf" +} + +@online{cangea:history, + author = "{Can}adian {G}eothermal {E}nergy {A}ssociation ({CanGEA})", + title = "History of geothermal in Canada", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www.cangea.ca/history-of-geothermal-in-canada.html" +} + +% history +@online{history, + author = "Government of Canada", + title = "Canada's History", + year = "2012", + keywords = "gov", + url = "http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/resources/publications/discover/section-06.asp" +} + +%% }}} + +%% }}} diff --git a/docs/tex/introduzione.tex b/docs/tex/introduzione.tex index f967ffe..b7de349 100644 --- a/docs/tex/introduzione.tex +++ b/docs/tex/introduzione.tex @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ natives speaking the Iroquoian language referring to a village as colonies were established which led to numerous conflicts the two between empires and the natives. The government of Canada was created with the proclamation of the Constitution Act in 1867, but the present the nationals -were enstablished only in 1999 because after since its first foundation the +were established only in 1999 because after since its first foundation the dominion had expanded multiple times. \subsection{The Flag of Canada} @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ the top left and an ensign on the right side. \begin{figure} \centering \includegraphics[width=6cm]{res/images/canadian_red_ensign.pdf} - \caption{Canadia Red Ensign used before the introduction of the modern + \caption{Canadian Red Ensign used before the introduction of the modern design} \end{figure} @@ -41,22 +41,34 @@ adopted the 15 December 1964, just in time for the centennial celebration of the confederation 3 years later. \section{Canadian Natives} -Before the arrival of the Europens the northern American continent was -populated by various groups of indigeouns peoples which today are referred as -First Nations or Premières Nations (in French). There were 6 major tribes and +Before the arrival of the Europeans the northern American continent was +populated by various groups of indigenous peoples which today are referred as +First Nations or Premières Nations in French. There were 6 major tribes and each one of them lived in a particular area of the continent, but they all -shared a similar culture and environment. First Nations lived off mostly from +shared a similar culture and environment. First Nations lives were mostly +dependant on hunting and their social systems had evolved around it, each tribe +had a defined territory in which they were allowed to hunt and they were +socially connected through trading network. This situation was typical in the +northern area in the dark boreal forests were agriculture was very difficult. +On the other hand, tribes with settlements near the coast had a less nomadic +lifestyle that depended on fishing + +But some tribes living in +envirnomnets such as the Pacific Coast First Nation + + + +First Nations lived off mostly from hunting with an advanced social sistem around it that defined territories for each tribe. There was also a system of social orders % tribes: -% iroquian south fertile, for agricolture -% woodland east boreal forest -% plains ??? grassland, prairies -% plateau south/north semi-desert, mountains, forest(north) -% pacific coast west abundant salmon and shellfish, gigantic red cedar -% for building huge houses -% Mackenzie and Yukon River Basins ??? harsh environmnent, dark forests, -% barren lands, swampy +% iroquian south fertile, for agricolture +% woodland east boreal forest +% plains ??? grassland, prairies +% plateau south/north semi-desert, mountains, forest(north) +% pacific coast west abundant salmon and shellfish, gigantic red cedar for building huge houses + +% Mackenzie and Yukon River Basins ??? harsh environmnent, dark forests, barren lands, swampy \subsection{Modern Canada} @@ -64,8 +76,15 @@ Today Canada is a powerful country with its own currency, the Canadian Dollar (CAD), As 2016 one Canadian Dollar equals \href{http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=CHF}{ 0.76 Swiss Francs}. Canada's GDP (as Q2 2015) is more than twice ours -(Switzerland)\cite{swisseconomy} with a market price at 1'996'804 millions of -Canadian dollars \cite{statscan:ecoimpexps}. Its major economic trade partners +(Switzerlands)\cite{swisseconomy} with a market price at 1'996'804 millions of +Canadian dollars \cite{statscan:ecoimpexps} which roughly equals to 1.54 +millions of millions of Swiss francs. +In Canada there are many cultures that are currently living one beside +each other, the nations historic multicultural background shaped the society in +a way that is very + + +Its major economic trade partners are USA, UK and Germany. @@ -81,9 +100,7 @@ production with a 18.9\% of total energy supply coming just from renewables eco-friendly Canada still relies heavily on non-renewable energy source as we will see in the next paragraphs. -\subsection{Non-renewable energy sources} - -\subsubsection{Crude Oil} +\subsection{Crude Oil} % [nao] Oil has become has been increasingly become a valuable resource, since the @@ -95,7 +112,7 @@ But for the environment this is not a good, according to a study conducted in oil extraction industries have increased by 63.5 millions of tonnes in the last 20 years. -\subsubsection{Natural Gas} +\subsection{Natural Gas} % [nao] Natural gas is the biggest energy source in Canada, mostly produced in Alta is @@ -105,7 +122,7 @@ level of pollution has not gone down since 2010. In 2014 56.6 mega tonnes of GHG were released on the atmosphere. Combined with the oil extraction this economic sector accounts for 26\% of total nation emissions \cite{statscan:ghgemissions}. -\subsubsection{Coal} +\subsection{Coal} % [nao] Despite it makes up half of the world's energy source (mostly in China) and @@ -116,88 +133,3 @@ of its high level of pollution and $CO_2$ emissions. Nonetheless the research in the field of coal refinement, to produce what is called ``Clean Coal'', is still being supported by the government in order to use the enormous quantity lying beneath the Canadian surface. - -\subsection{Renewable energy sources} - -% [nao] -Substantially the main energy source of Canada is from natural gas, followed -by crude oil, while hydroelectric and the other renewables represent only a -smaller percentage of the overall production. But recent political and economic -trends have encouraged the Canadian government to support the development of -these new technologies in order to increase and optimize the production per unit -to use more efficiently every resource nature offers. - -\subsubsection{Wind Energy} - -% [alan] -Canada's geography makes it a perfect place for ``wind farms'', or groups of -wind turbines, to generate a lot of electricity which can be used to reduce -reliance on energy generated from non renewable resources and, for communities -that are not connected to the electricity grid. This method can achieve lower -costs and greater independence. The advantage of increasing the deployment of -wind energy include reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and air contaminants. -However, incorporating a large amount of wind energy requires continued -innovation to improve efficiencies, extend turbine lifetimes, and mitigate -interconnection problems. - -\subsubsection{Solar Photovoltaic} - -% [alan] -Photovoltaic energy has become a favoured form of renewable energy, since the -need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, deregulation, and the restructuring of -electric power generating companies. Canada is very into photovoltaic researches -both nationally and internationally, their strategy is to accelerate the -deployment of solar generated energy. -% [nao] -But unfortunately the geographical northern location of Canada does not allow to -achieve the maximum efficiency. For this reason the amount of electricity -produced by photovoltaic is only a very small percentage. But in the extreme -north there are places in which a day lasts for months because of the tilt of -the earths rotation, if technological advancement will be able to access to -these areas there is a huge potential to generate solar powered -electricity. - -\subsubsection{Hydroelectric} - -% [alan] -Canada is the world's second producer of hydroelectricity in the world, behind -only to China\cite{nrcan:energyfactsbook}. The large amount of rivers flowing -through Canada are an optimal location for building dams for energy production. -Hydroelectric stations have been developed where the environment was favourable, -particularly in Quebec and N.L (Newfoundland and Labrador). - -\subsubsection{Solar Thermal} - -% [alan] edit by [nao] -70\% of the energy used in the residential and commercial/institutional -buildings sector is used for heating. Therefore the use of solar thermal -technology could drastically improve the consumption level of energy nationwide. -Like with photovoltaic panels, the light from the sun hits the earth with a -higher slope than on souther regions. For this reason this technology is rarely -used. - -\subsubsection{Marine Energy} - -% [alan] edit by [nao] -Canada with large coastal and inland waters has the ideal environment for using -the potential of the waves. This kind of energy is produced by the kinetic -energy contained on tides, waves and river current. Tidal current energy is -produced by the rise and fall of tides from the gravitational influence of the -sun and moon. In Canada there are 190 tidal power sites across it's coasts with -a total estimated capacity of 42 GW. Wave energy is generated by waves formed -by the heat of the sun. The motion of these waves can be used to power -turbines. But as powerful as this technology is more than double of current -electricity demand the harsh ocean environment, power conversion losses and -costs make this resources mostly not available. - -\subsection{Nuclear energy} - -Whether nuclear-powered energy production is a sustainable method is a -controversial debate. In recent years the idea of abandoning this technology has -become popular in many countries, but renewables in the current state will never -be able to fulfill the huge energy demand that we need every day. -Because of this we may need to have a different take on view of nuclear -power plants. A strong argument against anti-nuclear is technological -advancement, many people speculate that a new type of reactor can be less -dangerous. This argument will be covered in more depth in its own dedicated -section \ref{nuclear}. diff --git a/docs/tex/introduzione.tex~ b/docs/tex/introduzione.tex~ new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7de349 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tex/introduzione.tex~ @@ -0,0 +1,135 @@ +\chapter{Introduction} + +\section{History and culture of Canada} + +% [nao] +\subsection{Foundation} +Canada is one of the largest countries on the planet, in fact, it is the fourth +largest country by land area with approximately 9 million square kilometers +\cite{statscan:statarea}. Located in the northern hemisphere of the American +continent, was first discovered by Europeans in 1497 with the expedition of +John Cabot. The name ``Canada'' seems to have appeared first in the 16th century +when Jacques Cartier, during his 3 voyages to the new world, heard a groups of +natives speaking the Iroquoian language referring to a village as +``Kanada''\cite{history}. During the following centuries both French and British +colonies were established which led to numerous conflicts the two between +empires and the natives. The government of Canada was created with the +proclamation of the Constitution Act in 1867, but the present the nationals +were established only in 1999 because after since its first foundation the +dominion had expanded multiple times. + +\subsection{The Flag of Canada} +\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{.4\textwidth} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=6cm]{res/images/flag_of_canada.pdf} + \caption{Current flag of Canada} +\end{wrapfigure} +The current flag of Canada was created in 1964, when the government had an +all-party parliamentary committee that prepare multiple designs. Before then +Canada didn't have its own official flag but instead used either the English +Union Jack or the Canadian Red Ensign, a red flag with a smaller Union Jack on +the top left and an ensign on the right side. +\begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=6cm]{res/images/canadian_red_ensign.pdf} + \caption{Canadian Red Ensign used before the introduction of the modern + design} +\end{figure} + +The simplest design was chosen by the parliament and the current flag was +adopted the 15 December 1964, just in time for the centennial celebration of +the confederation 3 years later. + +\section{Canadian Natives} +Before the arrival of the Europeans the northern American continent was +populated by various groups of indigenous peoples which today are referred as +First Nations or Premières Nations in French. There were 6 major tribes and +each one of them lived in a particular area of the continent, but they all +shared a similar culture and environment. First Nations lives were mostly +dependant on hunting and their social systems had evolved around it, each tribe +had a defined territory in which they were allowed to hunt and they were +socially connected through trading network. This situation was typical in the +northern area in the dark boreal forests were agriculture was very difficult. +On the other hand, tribes with settlements near the coast had a less nomadic +lifestyle that depended on fishing + +But some tribes living in +envirnomnets such as the Pacific Coast First Nation + + + +First Nations lived off mostly from +hunting with an advanced social sistem around it that defined territories +for each tribe. There was also a system of social orders +% tribes: +% iroquian south fertile, for agricolture +% woodland east boreal forest +% plains ??? grassland, prairies +% plateau south/north semi-desert, mountains, forest(north) +% pacific coast west abundant salmon and shellfish, gigantic red cedar for building huge houses + +% Mackenzie and Yukon River Basins ??? harsh environmnent, dark forests, barren lands, swampy + + +\subsection{Modern Canada} +Today Canada is a powerful country with its own currency, the Canadian Dollar +(CAD), As 2016 one Canadian Dollar equals +\href{http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=CHF}{ +0.76 Swiss Francs}. Canada's GDP (as Q2 2015) is more than twice ours +(Switzerlands)\cite{swisseconomy} with a market price at 1'996'804 millions of +Canadian dollars \cite{statscan:ecoimpexps} which roughly equals to 1.54 +millions of millions of Swiss francs. +In Canada there are many cultures that are currently living one beside +each other, the nations historic multicultural background shaped the society in +a way that is very + + +Its major economic trade partners +are USA, UK and Germany. + + +\section{Natural resources} + +% [nao] +Canada's huge land area makes it one of richest countries from a natural +resources standpoint. Indeed Canada has the third largest reserve of crude oil +in the world and it is the second production of Uranium +\cite{nrcan:energyfactsbook}. But Canada is also a leader in renewable energy +production with a 18.9\% of total energy supply coming just from renewables +\cite{nrcan:renewables}. Even if most of the energy produced can be considered +eco-friendly Canada still relies heavily on non-renewable energy source as we +will see in the next paragraphs. + +\subsection{Crude Oil} + +% [nao] +Oil has become has been increasingly become a valuable resource, since the +discovery of oil sands extraction technology. The desire for oil +independence from the USA and many other NATO states has given a lot of funds +for the development of this technology. +But for the environment this is not a good, according to a study conducted in +2014 \cite{statscan:ghgemissions}, GHGs (Greenhouse Gases) emissions caused by +oil extraction industries have increased by 63.5 millions of tonnes in the last +20 years. + +\subsection{Natural Gas} + +% [nao] +Natural gas is the biggest energy source in Canada, mostly produced in Alta is +also a major cause of Nitrogen and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) pollution. +Even though its extractions and refinement technologies are getting better, the +level of pollution has not gone down since 2010. In 2014 56.6 mega tonnes of GHGs +were released on the atmosphere. Combined with the oil extraction this economic +sector accounts for 26\% of total nation emissions \cite{statscan:ghgemissions}. + +\subsection{Coal} + +% [nao] +Despite it makes up half of the world's energy source (mostly in China) and +there's an abundance of it, coal represents a minor element in the national +energy production, and almost half of the final product gets exported to Japan, +China and South Korea. Currently scientists are discouraging its usage because +of its high level of pollution and $CO_2$ emissions. Nonetheless the research in +the field of coal refinement, to produce what is called ``Clean Coal'', is still +being supported by the government in order to use the enormous quantity lying +beneath the Canadian surface. diff --git a/docs/tex/politica.tex~ b/docs/tex/politica.tex~ new file mode 100644 index 0000000..459488e --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tex/politica.tex~ @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +\chapter{Politiche Ecologiche} \label{politics} + + +Il Canada da un punto di vista diplomatico sembra sia una nazione che si impegna +per poter arrivare ad essere completamente ecosostenibile, infatti \`e parte del +trattato di kyoto e ha contribuito attuvamente prima e durante il summit della +terra a Rio nel 1992. Purtroppo per\`o lo stile di vita Canadese \`e ancora +estremamente non-ecosostenibile e l'influenza culturale dagli USA non incentiva +il cambiamento. Inoltre la vasta quantit\`a di risorse naturali come petrolio +e gas non evidenziano la necessit\`a di migliorare i metodi di produzione +energetica correnti. Poich\`e attualmente le industrie Canadesi sono tra le +pi\`u grandi esportatrici di gas naturale e carbone verso gli stati uniti e il +sud-est asiatico. Nonostante ci\`o il governo Canadese continua ad incentivare +la trasformazione verso una Green Economy. + +\section{Emissioni} +Come visto in precedenza la maggior parte dell'energia prodottca in canada +arriva da fonti non rinnovabili. Ma che impatto hanno effettivamente? +Per quantificare questa grandezza andremo a calcolare quanto +CO\textsubscript{2} viene emesso per ogni kWh prodotto. + +\subsection{Produzione Elettrica} +Partiamo quindi dalla +produzione elettrica; secondo Statistics +Canada CANSIM nel 2015 in Canada sono stati prodotti 631'682'021 MWh di +energia elettrica \cite{cansim:electricity}. Dallo stesso stesso istituto +possiamo ricavare i dati sul consumo delle centrali di produzione elettrica. +Considerando che le fonti di energia rinnovabile e il nucleare non abbiamo +emissioni, cosa non vera ma ignorabile considerando l'ordine di grandezza delle +emissioni dei combustibili fossili, si ottiene che il canada emette ogni anno +25.42E+12 tonnellate di CO\textsubscript{2} nell'atmosfera. +Il valore \`e stato calcolato utilizzando i dati sulle quantit\`a di +combustibili utilizzati dalle centrali, ai coefficenti di emssione di +CO\textsubscript{2} e ai coefficenti di potere calorico\cite{poterecalorico}. + +\paragraph{Coefficente di emissione di CO\textsubscript{2} ($k_{CO_2}$):} Come +descrive il nome questo coefficente indicato come $k_{CO_2}$ indica quanto +CO\textsubscript{2} viene emesso durante la combustione di un determinato +materiale. Nelle tabelle pu\`o essere indicato in $\frac{kg}{kg}$ (senza +unit\`a) o in $\frac{kg}{kWh}$, nel primo caso non \`e necessario alcun +passaggio intermediario mentre per il secondo \`e necessario conoscere il potere +calorico del materiale. + +\paragraph{Potere Calorico ($\Delta_c$):} Il potere calorico o potere +calorifico indica la quantit\`a di energia che viene emessa da un materiale +durante la sua combustione. Il potere caolrico viene normalmente indicato in +$\frac{MJ}{kg}$ ma si pu\`o anche trovare in $\frac{kcal}{kg}$ (obsoleto) o in +$\frac{btu}{lb}$ (sistema imperiale). \\ + +\begin{table}[H] + \centering + \begin{tabular}{ l r r r } + \hline + {\bf Energy Source} & {\bf Mass [t]} + & {\bf k\textsubscript{CO\textsubscript{2}} [kg/kg]} + & {\bf m\textsubscript{CO\textsubscript{2}} [kg]} \\ + \hline + Natural gas & 9.78E+09 & 2.40E+03 & 23.47E+15 \\ + Imported heavy fuel oil & 360.83E+06 & 2.84E+03 & 1.03E+15 \\ + Canadian heavy fuel oil & 288.31E+06 & 2.84E+03 & 819.67E+12 \\ + Canadian subbituminous coal & 24.32E+06 & 2.77E+03 & 67.33E+12 \\ + Lignite & 8.85E+06 & 2.04E+03 & 18.02E+12 \\ + Imported bituminous coal & 2.44E+06 & 2.77E+03 & 6.75E+12 \\ + Petroleum coke & 577.52E+03 & 3.31E+03 & 1.91E+12 \\ + Canadian bituminous coal & 459.41E+03 & 2.77E+03 & 1.27E+12 \\ + Diesel & 136.21E+06 & 3.20E+00 & 435.86E+09 \\ + Methane & 131.15E+06 & 2.80E+00 & 367.22E+09 \\ + Light fuel oil & 41.08E+06 & 2.60E+00 & 106.80E+09 \\ + Wood & 2.68E+06 & 1.63E+00 & 4.36E+09 \\ + Imported subbituminous coal & 154.53E+03 & 2.30E+00 & 355.41E+06 \\ + Propane & 98.60E+00 & 2.77E+03 & 272.90E+06 \\ + \hline + \bf Total & \bf 10.78E+09 & & \bf 25.42E+15 \\ + \hline + \end{tabular} + \caption{Combustibili utilizzati dalle centrali elettriche per produrre + elettricit\`a nel 2015 \cite{cansim:electricityfuel}.} +\end{table} + +Conoscendo i coefficenti calorici e i +coefficenti di emissioni di CO\textsubscript{2} di ogni materiale possiamo +calcolare la massa di anidride carbonica che viene emessa ogni anno con la +seguente formula. +\[ + m_{CO_2} = m\cdot\Delta_c\cdot k_{CO_2} +\] +\[ +[kg] = [kg]\cdot \Bigg [\frac{kg}{MJ}\Bigg ] \cdot \Bigg [\frac{MJ}{kg}\Bigg ] +\] +In questa tabella il coefficente di emissioni di CO\textsubscript{2} \`e gi\`a +stato convertito in kilogrammi su kilogrammi (moltiplicato per $\Delta_c$) e +sono ordinati in ordine +decrescente rispetto alla massa, che per\`o risulta valere anche nella massa di +CO\textsubscript{2} poich\`e come scritto nel capitolo della produzione il +Canada \`e un paese ancora molto dipendente dai combustibili fossili. +Infine conoscendo la produzione annua di elettricit\`a possiamo calcolare +quanto costa in termini ecologici (emissioni di CO\textsubscript{2}) ogni kWh +elettrico prodotto in Canada. +\[ + \frac{25.42\cdot 10^{12}~t}{631.68\cdot 10^9~kWh} = + 40.24~\frac{kg~di~CO_2}{kWh} +\] + +\subsection{Emissioni da economie domestiche (abitazioni)} +Come secondo argomento possiamo analizzare le abitazioni poich\`e sono dove la +maggior parte della popolazione inquina in maniera diretta consumando. +In particolare si vuole analizzare l'inquinamento causato dai sistemi di +riscaldamento. Come per il settore elettrico in in Canada la maggior parte +della popolazione ha un impianto di riscaldamento alimentato a combustibili +fossili o gas naturale. + + + + +\section{L'energia dell'atomo} \label{nuclear} +Attualmente l'energia nucleare rappresenta una fetta imporatente della +produzione di energia malgrado il trend anti-atomico emerso dagli incidenti +nucleari nel 1986 e nel 2011. Nella nostra societ\`a il nucleare \`e +considerato una fonte di energia pericolosa e non rinnovabile. Trovo per\`o che +queste paure arriviano da ragionamenti poco fondati di primo istinto. Per +comprendere meglio i pericoli reali dell'energia atomica \`e necessario +analizzare analiticamente la situazione attuale di questo mezzo di produzione. +Perci\`o sar\`a necessario quantificare in delle unit\`a comparabili i vantaggi +e gli svantaggi del nucleare. + +%% magari da ripensare +\subsection{Morti} +Analizziamo dunque la prima ragione per cui ci si allontana dal nucleare, il +pericolo. La psicologia umana sembra sia fatta in maniera tale da dare pi\`u +importanza ad eventi singoli e catastrofici rispetto a pericoli passivi su un +grande arco di tempo. Consideriamo quindi come prima unit\`a di comparazione il +{\it pericolo diretto} ovvero le morti per anno medie sul posto di lavoro. +Per ogni sorgente energetica prendiamo il numero di morti registrare sul posto +di lavoro diviso da quanti anni si lavora la risorsa. +\[ + pericolo~diretto~=\frac{morti~registrati}{anno~attuale-inizio~lavorazione} +\] +Questa misura per\`o non prende in considerazione il danno passivo causato da +emissioni dalla combustione o radiazioni, unit\`a che tendono ad essere +difficili da registrare. diff --git a/docs/tex/produzione.tex~ b/docs/tex/produzione.tex~ new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c1a5b67 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/tex/produzione.tex~ @@ -0,0 +1,129 @@ +\chapter{Produzione Energetica} + +Il Canada è un paese ricco di risorse con largo accesso a petrolio, gas naturali +e carbone ma si impegna anche a ricercare e sviluppare metodi di produzione +sostenibili, anche grazie all'accesso al mare e montagne permettendo un +variegato impiego di tecnologie per la produzione di elettricità. Difatti si +impegna a investire ben 220 milioni di dollari in energia pulita ogni anno. +Canada, inoltre è uno dei più grandi paesi produttore di uranio al mondo e sono +i primi ad aver costruito un reattore nucleare funzionante al mondo. La +produzione di elettricità in Canada è più che abbondante questo li rende grossi +esportatori di energia all'estero, soprattutto con i loro vicini Statunitensi e +Messicani \cite{nrcan:nacei}. Infatti tra questi paesi si sono scambiati, solo nel 2015, 167 +miliardi di dollari canadesi in prodotti energetici \cite{nrcan:energymeeting}. + +\section{Energia Eolica} + +% [alan] edited by [nao] +Il settore eolico \`e quel ramo della produzione di energia rinnovabile che, con +gigantesche turbine, produce elettricità direttamente dal vento. +Il vento è una forma di energia causata dal sole, siccome l'aria calda, che ha +una densità minore, tende a salire. L'aria fredda la rimpiazza e si forma un +ciclo dove le due correnti d'aria calda e fredda, l'irregolarità e +la rotazione della terra formano il vento. Tutti questi fattori rendono dei +luoghi migliori di altri quando si vuole collocare delle turbine. +Uno dei luoghi dove è più ideale piazzare queste turbine è lontano dalla costa, +nel mare. Poich\`e il vento è molto forte e costante, lo spazio è abbondante +permettendo la costruzione di multiple turbine che permettono la generazione di +vaste quantità di elettricità. +% [nao] +Per questo la morfologia del Canada si presta molto bene. Infatti il Canada +dispone di circa 200'000 km di coste e la maggior parte di esse si trova fuori +da centri urbanizzati, evitando quindi che la costruzione di impianti su vasta +scala disturbi la popolazione locale. Ma se paragonato al resto del mondo la +capacit\`a di produzione energetica Canadese \`e minore di molti paesi come +Spagna o Germania. Nel 2012 i 170 impanti eolci installati rappresentavano il +5\% della produzione energetica nazionale \cite{nrcan:wind}. + +\section{Energia Idroelettrica} + +%[nao] +Gli impianti idroelettrici sfruttano l'energia potenziale gravitazionale +accumulando dell'acqua creando laghi artificiali, che vengono periodicamente +svuotati facendo scorrere massive quantit\`a di acqua attraverso delle turbine. +Questo mezzo di produzione di energia elettrica sfrutta il ciclo dell'acqua, +perci\`o non \`e destinato ad esaurirsi in alcun futuro prossimo. Come per +l'energia eolica, la morfologia e la posizione geografica del Canada si +presentano eccellenti per questi impianti. La grande quantit\`a di fiumi portano +il Canada al secondo posto in un contesto internazionale con una capacit\`a di +produzione paria a 75,7 GW di elettricit\`a. + + +\section{Energia Marina} + +% [alan] +Il generatore di elettricità tramite onde sfrutta l'energia delle maree. +Grazie alla luna le acque del mare vengono alzate e abbassate, muovendo una +turbina che genera energia elettrica. Questo metodo è molto speciale poiché +paragonato agli altri metodi di produzione di energia, rinnovabili e non, +sono tutti collegati col sole, ad esempio la turbina eolica genera elettricità +dal vento, che a sua volta viene formato da dislivelli di temperatura causati +dal sole. L'energia mareomotice, invece, è l'unica fonte che dipende dalla luna. +Le onde, invece, sono semplicemente acqua spostata dal vento, dal calore del +sole o da un dislivello, come fiumi o le onde che si infrangono sulla costa. +Tutta questa energia può essere sfruttata da delle turbine. +I problemi di queste tecnologie è il loro elevato costo di +produzione e mantenimento. Siccome immerse in acqua salata, le turbine e la loro +infrastruttura sono soggette a corrosione, la difficoltà di collocazione, +siccome per poter avere un profitto bisogna avere un punto in cui le maree siano +almeno tre metri di ampiezza. +% [nao] +Per questa ragione la produzione con energia marina in Canada \`e dello 0.003\%. + +\section{Energia Solare Fotovoltaica} + +% [alan] +Il generatore elettrico a luce solare, o anche pannello fotovoltaico, +genera energia elettrica convertendo la luce solare in elettricità. Il pannello +è composto da celle che a loro volta sono costituite da due strati diversamente +drogati, uno positivamente e uno negativamente, che quando colpiti da una luce, +fotoni, genera un campo elettrico in corrente continua, che poi, con un inverter +si trasforma in corrente alternata, per poter essere utilizzata come sostituto +al comprare elettricità. Il vantaggio di questa tecnologia è la sua capacità di +sfruttare il sole, energia abbondante ovunque, e di essere pure una soluzione +domestica per produrre energia elettrica. Il problema è l'elevato costo iniziale +e la scarsa efficienza dell'impianto, sia a causa dell'intermittenza del bel +tempo, sia per l'inefficienza stessa del metodo di produzione elettrica. +% [nao] +Purtroppo in Canada l'utilizzo di questo mezzo di produzione energetica \`e +ancora. Nel 2014 la produzione elettrica solare fotovoltaica ha +raggiunto un picco in capacit\`a installata di 1.84 GW \cite{nrcan:energyfactsbook}. +Secondo l'agenzia governativa amministrativa \emph{NRCan} la produzione +energetica solare ha un attuale tasso di crescita del 13.8\%, un numero che non +tende ad aumentare. , + + +\section{Energia Solare Termica} + +% [alan] +I pannelli solari termici non vengono utilizzati per produrre elettricità ma per +riscaldare e raffreddare principalmente strutture come case. Come tutte le +tecnologie ci sono varie maniere per costruire questi collettori di calore +solare, ma il metodo più comune è quello del pannello che raccoglie il calore e +lo redistribuisce riscaldando l'aria, abbattendo così il costo e l'utilizzo di +moltissima elettricità che verrebbe sprecata per tali utilizzi. I materiali +utilizzati per questi pannelli sono facilmente riciclabili e non tossici. Per +soddisfare il fabbisogno di una casa basta uno o due di questi pannelli, ma a +dipendenza di dove ci si trova, per esempio al nord, servono pannelli più grandi +Oltre a scaldare acqua o aria, la tecnologia solare termica può anche essere +utilizzata per raffreddare strutture trasformando aria o acqua calda in fredda +per poi climatizzare a dovere. + +\section{Energia Geotermica} +% [nao] +La tecnologia per la produzione di energia geotermica \`e nata all'inizio del +ventesimo secolo in Italia grazie a Piero Ginori Conti di +Firenze\cite{pieroconti}. Questa tecnologia, come la maggior parte dei sistemi +di produzione di energia rinnovabili, sfrutta il vapore per alimentare una +dinamo che a sua volta produce corrente elettrica. I primi impianti infatti +sfruttavano geysers naturali per la produzione di vapore. Dal momento della sua +scoperta l'energia geotermica rimase poco popolare durante la prima met\`a del +novecento, fino all'arrivo della crisi del petrolio e dell'energia tra gli anni +'70 e '80. Con la rapida salita dei dei prezzi del pertrolio causata +dall'embargo agli USA e all'Olanda, molti paesi compreso il Canada avviarno +delle ricerche per sfruttare la nuova risorsa. Purtroppo per\`o le ricerche per +lo sviluppo furono abbandonate presto perch\`e il prezzo del petrolio si +ristabilizz\`o\cite{energycrisis}. In Canada l'energia geotermica \`e gestita +dalla \emph{CanGEA}, una associazione governativa che unisce tutte le imprese +nel settore geotermico. Secondo CanGEA il potenziale energetico geotermico in +Canada \`e di oltre 5'000 MW utilizzando la tecnologia odierna, |