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diff --git a/appunti/introduzione.tex b/appunti/introduzione.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 1f5c6fa..0000000 --- a/appunti/introduzione.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,137 +0,0 @@ -\chapter{Introduction} - -\section{History and culture of Canada} - -% [nao] -\subsection{Foundation} -Canada is one of the largest countries on the planet, in fact, it is the fourth -largest country by land area with approximately 9 million square kilometers -\cite{statscan:statarea}. Located in the northern hemisphere of the American -continent, was first discovered by Europeans in 1497 with the expedition of -John Cabot. The name ``Canada'' seems to have appeared first in the 16th century -when Jacques Cartier, during his 3 voyages to the new world, heard a groups of -natives speaking the Iroquoian language referring to a village as -``Kanada''\cite{history}. During the following centuries both French and British -colonies were established which led to numerous conflicts the two between -empires and the natives. The government of Canada was created with the -proclamation of the Constitution Act in 1867, but the present the nationals -were established only in 1999 because after since its first foundation the -dominion had expanded multiple times. - -\subsection{The Flag of Canada} -\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{.4\textwidth} - \centering - \includegraphics[width=6cm]{res/images/flag_of_canada.pdf} - \caption{Current flag of Canada} -\end{wrapfigure} -The current flag of Canada was created in 1964, when the government had an -all-party parliamentary committee that prepare multiple designs. Before then -Canada didn't have its own official flag but instead used either the English -Union Jack or the Canadian Red Ensign, a red flag with a smaller Union Jack on -the top left and an ensign on the right side. -\begin{figure} - \centering - \includegraphics[width=6cm]{res/images/canadian_red_ensign.pdf} - \caption{Canadian Red Ensign used before the introduction of the modern - design} -\end{figure} - -The simplest design was chosen by the parliament and the current flag was -adopted the 15 December 1964, just in time for the centennial celebration of -the confederation 3 years later. - -\section{Canadian Natives} -Before the arrival of the Europeans the northern American continent was -populated by various groups of indigenous peoples which today are referred as -First Nations or Premières Nations in French. There were 6 major tribes and -each one of them lived in a particular area of the continent, but they all -shared a similar culture and environment. First Nations lives were mostly -dependant on hunting and their social systems had evolved around it, each tribe -had a defined territory in which they were allowed to hunt and they were -socially connected through trading network. This situation was typical in the -northern area in the dark boreal forests were agriculture was very difficult. -On the other hand, tribes with settlements near the coast had a less nomadic -lifestyle that depended on fishing - - - -First Nations lived off mostly from -hunting with an advanced social sistem around it that defined territories -for each tribe. There was also a system of social orders -% tribes: -% iroquian south fertile, for agricolture -% woodland east boreal forest -% plains ??? grassland, prairies -% plateau south/north semi-desert, mountains, forest(north) -% pacific coast west abundant salmon and shellfish, gigantic red cedar for building huge houses - -% Mackenzie and Yukon River Basins ??? harsh environmnent, dark forests, barren lands, swampy - -\subsection{Nativi Canadesi} -Prima della scopeta del continente Americano il Canada era un paese popolato da -delle popolazioni native che oggi vengono chiamate "First Nations". Gli storici -distinguono i First Nations in 6 trib\`u principali in base alle zone che -occupavano - -\subsection{Modern Canada} -Today Canada is a powerful country with its own currency, the Canadian Dollar -(CAD), As 2016 one Canadian Dollar equals -\href{http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=CAD&To=CHF}{ -0.76 Swiss Francs}. Canada's GDP (as Q2 2015) is more than twice ours -(Switzerlands)\cite{swisseconomy} with a market price at 1'996'804 millions of -Canadian dollars \cite{statscan:ecoimpexps} which roughly equals to 1.54 -millions of millions of Swiss francs. -In Canada there are many cultures that are currently living one beside -each other, the nations historic multicultural background shaped the society in -a way that is very - - -Its major economic trade partners -are USA, UK and Germany. - - -\section{Natural resources} - -% [nao] -Canada's huge land area makes it one of richest countries from a natural -resources standpoint. Indeed Canada has the third largest reserve of crude oil -in the world and it is the second production of Uranium -\cite{nrcan:energyfactsbook}. But Canada is also a leader in renewable energy -production with a 18.9\% of total energy supply coming just from renewables -\cite{nrcan:renewables}. Even if most of the energy produced can be considered -eco-friendly Canada still relies heavily on non-renewable energy source as we -will see in the next paragraphs. - -\subsection{Crude Oil} - -% [nao] -Oil has become has been increasingly become a valuable resource, since the -discovery of oil sands extraction technology. The desire for oil -independence from the USA and many other NATO states has given a lot of funds -for the development of this technology. -But for the environment this is not a good, according to a study conducted in -2014 \cite{statscan:ghgemissions}, GHGs (Greenhouse Gases) emissions caused by -oil extraction industries have increased by 63.5 millions of tonnes in the last -20 years. - -\subsection{Natural Gas} - -% [nao] -Natural gas is the biggest energy source in Canada, mostly produced in Alta is -also a major cause of Nitrogen and VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) pollution. -Even though its extractions and refinement technologies are getting better, the -level of pollution has not gone down since 2010. In 2014 56.6 mega tonnes of GHGs -were released on the atmosphere. Combined with the oil extraction this economic -sector accounts for 26\% of total nation emissions \cite{statscan:ghgemissions}. - -\subsection{Coal} - -% [nao] -Despite it makes up half of the world's energy source (mostly in China) and -there's an abundance of it, coal represents a minor element in the national -energy production, and almost half of the final product gets exported to Japan, -China and South Korea. Currently scientists are discouraging its usage because -of its high level of pollution and $CO_2$ emissions. Nonetheless the research in -the field of coal refinement, to produce what is called ``Clean Coal'', is still -being supported by the government in order to use the enormous quantity lying -beneath the Canadian surface. |