diff options
Diffstat (limited to '')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/makefile | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/pdi.tex | 9 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/pgf-pie.sty | 439 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/res/data/co2_coeff.csv | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/res/data/co2_emissions.csv | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/res/data/heat_of_combustion.csv | 24 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/res/images/cam_cpt_logo.pdf | bin | 8546 -> 8932 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/res/images/canada_settlements.pdf | bin | 126072 -> 136741 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/res/images/canada_settlements_orig.pdf | bin | 125924 -> 131202 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/res/srcpics/fuel_consumed_for_electric_power_generation.png | bin | 0 -> 40831 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/tex/politica.tex | 111 |
11 files changed, 536 insertions, 73 deletions
diff --git a/doc/makefile b/doc/makefile index 207672a..67a3619 100644 --- a/doc/makefile +++ b/doc/makefile @@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ BIB := biber all: build build: $(PDFS) - mkdir -p $(BUILD_DIR) $(TEX) --output-directory=$(BUILD_DIR) $(DOCUMENT) $(BIB) --output-directory=$(BUILD_DIR) $(BIBLIOGRAPHY) $(TEX) --output-directory=$(BUILD_DIR) $(DOCUMENT) diff --git a/doc/pdi.tex b/doc/pdi.tex index 9ce98ea..4777666 100644 --- a/doc/pdi.tex +++ b/doc/pdi.tex @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ %% Alan Scheidegger 3B %% -\documentclass[a4paper,twoside,12pt]{report} +\documentclass[draft,a4paper,twoside,12pt,openright]{report} %% Packages {{{ % file encoding and language @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ \usepackage{lastpage} % used for header % figures / resources +\usepackage{pgf-pie} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{wrapfig} \usepackage{caption} @@ -82,10 +83,6 @@ \begin{document} \maketitle - % empty page after title - \null\thispagestyle{empty} - \newpage - % abstract {{{ \selectlanguage{english} % to keep "abstract" instead of "sommario" \begin{abstract} @@ -116,8 +113,6 @@ \addtocounter{page}{-1} \selectlanguage{italian} \tableofcontents - \null\thispagestyle{empty} - \newpage % chapters {{{ \selectlanguage{english} diff --git a/doc/pgf-pie.sty b/doc/pgf-pie.sty new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a669e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/pgf-pie.sty @@ -0,0 +1,439 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Start of pgf-pie.sty +% +% Some LaTeX macros for pie chart by using PGF/Tikz package. +% Home page of project: http://pgf-pie.googlecode.com/ +% Author: Xu Yuan <xuyuan.cn@gmail.com> +% + +\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1999/12/01] +\ProvidesPackage{pgf-pie}[2011/10/02 v0.2 Some LaTeX macros for pie +chart by using PGF/Tikz package.] + +\RequirePackage{tikz} +\RequirePackage{ifthen} +\RequirePackage{scalefnt} + + +% args: +% #1: begin angle +% #2: end angle +% #3: number +% #4: label +% #5: explode +% #6: fill color +% #7: radius +% #8: center +\newcommand{\pgfpie@slice}[8]{ + \pgfmathparse{0.5*(#1)+0.5*(#2)} + \let\midangle\pgfmathresult + + \path (#8) -- ++(\midangle:#5) coordinate(O); + + \pgfmathparse{#7+#5} + \let\radius\pgfmathresult + + % slice + \draw[line join=round, fill=#6, \style] (O) -- ++(#1:#7) arc (#1:#2:#7) -- cycle; + + \pgfmathparse{min(((#2)-(#1)-10)/110*(-0.3),0)} + \let\temp\pgfmathresult + \pgfmathparse{(max(\temp,-0.5) + 0.8)*#7} + \let\innerpos\pgfmathresult + + \ifthenelse{\equal{\pgfpie@text}{inside}} + { + % label and number together + \path (O) -- ++(\midangle:\innerpos) node + {\scalefont{#3}\shortstack{#4\\\beforenumber#3\afternumber}}; + } + { + % label + \iflegend + \else + \path (O) -- ++ (\midangle:\radius) + node[inner sep=0, \pgfpie@text=\midangle:#4]{}; + \fi + + % number + \path (O) -- ++(\midangle:\innerpos) node + {\scalefont{#3}\beforenumber#3\afternumber}; + } +} + +\newcommand{\pgfpie@findColor}[1] +{ + \pgfmathparse{int(mod(#1,\value{pgfpie@colorLength}))} + \let\ci\pgfmathresult + \foreach \c [count=\j from 0] in \color { + \ifnum \j=\ci + \xdef\thecolor{\c} + \thecolor + \breakforeach + \fi + } +} + +\newcommand{\pgfpie@findExplode}[1] +{ + \pgfmathparse{int(mod(#1,\value{pgfpie@explodeLength}))} + \let\ei\pgfmathresult + \foreach \e [count=\j from 0] in \explode { + \ifnum \j=\ei + \xdef\theexplode{\e} + \breakforeach + \fi + } +} + +% #1: bottom left point +% #2: size +% #3: number +% #4: color +% #5: text +\newcommand{\pgfpie@square}[5] +{ + \ifthenelse{\equal{\pgfpie@text}{inside}} + { + \draw[fill=#4, \style] (#1) rectangle node + {\scalefont{#3}\shortstack{#5\\\beforenumber#3\afternumber}} ++(#2); + } + { + \draw[fill=#4, \style] (#1) rectangle node + {\scalefont{#3}\beforenumber#3\afternumber} ++(#2); + } +} + +% #1: pos +% #2: radius +% #3: number +% #4: color +% $5: style +% $6: label +\newcommand{\pgfpie@cloud}[6] +{ + \draw[fill=#4, #5] (#1) circle[radius=#2]; + \ifthenelse{\equal{\pgfpie@text}{inside}} + { + \node at (#1) {\scalefont{#3}\shortstack{#6\\\beforenumber#3\afternumber}}; + } + { + \node at (#1) {\scalefont{#3}\beforenumber#3\afternumber}; + } +} + +\newlength{\pgfpie@angleEnd} +\newcounter{pgfpie@explodeLength} +\newcounter{pgfpie@colorLength} +\newcounter{pgfpie@sliceLength} + +\def\setexplode#1\pgfeov{\def\explode{#1}} +\pgfkeyslet{/explode/.@cmd}{\setexplode} + +\def\setcolor#1\pgfeov{\def\color{#1}} +\pgfkeyslet{/color/.@cmd}{\setcolor} + +\def\setradius#1\pgfeov{\def\radius{#1}} +\pgfkeyslet{/radius/.@cmd}{\setradius} + +\def\setpos#1\pgfeov{\def\pos{#1}} +\pgfkeyslet{/pos/.@cmd}{\setpos} + +\def\setstyle#1\pgfeov{\def\style{#1}} +\pgfkeyslet{/style/.@cmd}{\setstyle} + +\def\setbeforenumber#1\pgfeov{\def\beforenumber{#1}} +\pgfkeyslet{/before number/.@cmd}{\setbeforenumber} + +\def\setafternumber#1\pgfeov{\def\afternumber{#1}} +\pgfkeyslet{/after number/.@cmd}{\setafternumber} + +\def\settext#1\pgfeov{\xdef\pgfpie@text{#1}} +\pgfkeyslet{/text/.@cmd}{\settext} + +\def\setsum#1\pgfeov{\xdef\pgfpie@sum{#1}} +\pgfkeyslet{/sum/.@cmd}{\setsum} + +\def\setrotate#1\pgfeov{\xdef\rotate{#1}} +\pgfkeyslet{/rotate/.@cmd}{\setrotate} + +\newif\ifpolar +\pgfkeys{/polar/.is if=polar} + +\newif\iflegend + +\newif\ifsquare +\pgfkeys{/square/.is if=square} + +\newif\ifcloud +\pgfkeys{/cloud/.is if=cloud} + +\newif\ifscalefont +\pgfkeys{/scale font/.is if=scalefont} +\let\scalefontorg\scalefont +\renewcommand{\scalefont}[1] +{ + \ifscalefont + \pgfmathparse{#1 / \pgfpie@sum * 3 + 0.9} + \scalefontorg{\pgfmathresult} + \fi +} + +\newcommand{\pie}[2][] +{ + % load default parameters + \pgfkeys{ + explode=0, + color={blue!60, cyan!60, yellow!60, orange!60, red!60, + blue!60!cyan!60, cyan!60!yellow!60, red!60!cyan!60, + red!60!blue!60, orange!60!cyan!60}, + radius=3, + pos={0,0}, + style={thick}, + before number=, + after number=, + text=label, + sum=100, + rotate=0, + polar=false, + square=false, + cloud=false, + scale font=false, + } + % load user's parameters + \pgfkeys{#1} + % add percentage automatically + \ifthenelse{\equal{\pgfpie@sum}{100}} + { + \pgfkeys{after number=\%} + \pgfkeys{#1} + }{} + + % legend or not + \ifthenelse{\equal{\pgfpie@text}{legend}} + {\legendtrue} + {\legendfalse} + + % handle sum + \ifthenelse{\equal{\pgfpie@sum}{auto}} + { + % sum all input + \xdef\pgfpie@sum{0} + \foreach \p/\t in {#2} + { + \pgfmathparse{\pgfpie@sum + \p} + \xdef\pgfpie@sum{\pgfmathresult} + } + } + {} + + % init counters + \setcounter{pgfpie@explodeLength}{0} + \foreach \e in \explode { \addtocounter{pgfpie@explodeLength}{1} } + + \setcounter{pgfpie@colorLength}{0} + \foreach \c in \color { \addtocounter{pgfpie@colorLength}{1} } + + \pgfmathsetlength{\pgfpie@angleEnd}{0} + + \setcounter{pgfpie@sliceLength}{0} + \foreach \p/\e in {#2} { \addtocounter{pgfpie@sliceLength}{1} } + + \ifsquare + %%%%%%%%%% SQUARE PIE BEGIN %%%%%%%%%%% + \pgfmathparse{\radius*2} + \xdef\verticalLength{\pgfmathresult} + \xdef\horizontalLength{\pgfmathresult} + \path (\pos) -- ++(-\radius, -\radius) coordinate (start); + \pgfmathparse{\verticalLength * \horizontalLength / \pgfpie@sum} + \let\squareUnit\pgfmathresult + + % drawing loop + \foreach \p/\t [count=\i from 0] in {#2} + { + \pgfpie@findColor{\i} + + \ifthenelse{\lengthtest{\verticalLength cm > \horizontalLength cm}} + { + \pgfmathparse{\p * \squareUnit / \horizontalLength} + \let\height\pgfmathresult + + \pgfpie@square{start}{\horizontalLength,\height} + {\p} + {\thecolor} + {\t} + %label + \iflegend + \else + \ifthenelse{\equal{\pgfpie@text}{inside}} + {} + { + \path (start) -- ++(\horizontalLength,\height*0.5) node[inner + sep=0, \pgfpie@text=0:\t]{}; + } + \fi + + \pgfmathparse{\verticalLength - \height} + \xdef\verticalLength{\pgfmathresult} + \path (start) -- ++(0, \height) coordinate (start); + } + { + \pgfmathparse{\p * \squareUnit / \verticalLength } + \let\width\pgfmathresult + + \pgfpie@square{start}{\width,\verticalLength} + {\p} + {\thecolor} + {\t} + %label + \iflegend + \else + \ifthenelse{\equal{\pgfpie@text}{inside}} + {} + { + \path (start) -- ++(\width*0.5,\verticalLength) node[inner + sep=0, \pgfpie@text=90:\t]{}; + } + \fi + + \pgfmathparse{\horizontalLength - \width} + \xdef\horizontalLength{\pgfmathresult} + \path (start) -- ++(\width, 0) coordinate (start); + } + } + + %%%%%%%%%% SQUARE PIE END %%%%%%%%%%% + \else + \ifcloud + %%%%%%%%%% CLOUD PIE BGEIN %%%%%%%%%%% + % drawing loop + \foreach \p/\t [count=\i from 0] in {#2} + { + % find explode + \pgfpie@findExplode{\i} + \def\cloudGap{\theexplode + 0.1} + \pgfmathparse{sqrt(\p / \pgfpie@sum) * \radius} + \let\cloudR\pgfmathresult + \ifnum \i = 0 + % first cloud + \coordinate (O) at (\pos); + \xdef\cloudRone{\cloudR} + \xdef\cloudExtendDir{180+\rotate} + \else + \ifnum \i = 1 + % second cloud + \xdef\cloudRtwo{\cloudR} + \xdef\cloudExtendDir{45+\rotate} + \path (O) -- ++(\cloudExtendDir:\cloudRone+\cloudGap+\cloudRtwo) coordinate (O); + \else + % next cloud + \pgfmathparse{\cloudRone+\cloudGap+\cloudRtwo} + \let\la\pgfmathresult + \pgfmathparse{\cloudRone+\cloudGap+\cloudR} + \let\lb\pgfmathresult + \pgfmathparse{\cloudRtwo+\cloudGap+\cloudR} + \let\lc\pgfmathresult + \pgfmathparse{\la^2+\lc^2-\lb^2} + \let\tmp\pgfmathresult + \pgfmathparse{180 - acos(\tmp / 2 / \la / \lc)} + \let\cloudRot\pgfmathresult + \ifodd \i + \pgfmathparse{-\cloudRot} + \let\cloudRot\pgfmathresult + \fi + \pgfmathparse{\cloudExtendDir - \cloudRot} + \xdef\cloudExtendDir{\pgfmathresult} + \path (O) -- ++(\cloudExtendDir:\lc) coordinate (O); + \xdef\cloudRone{\cloudRtwo} + \xdef\cloudRtwo{\cloudR} + \fi + \fi + + % find color + \pgfpie@findColor{\i} + + \pgfpie@cloud{O}{\cloudR}{\p} + {\thecolor}{\style}{\t} + + % label + \iflegend + \else + \ifthenelse{\equal{\pgfpie@text}{inside}} + {} + { + \path (O) -- ++(\cloudExtendDir:\cloudR) + node[inner sep=0, \pgfpie@text=\cloudExtendDir:\t] {}; + } + \fi + } + %%%%%%%%%% CLOUD PIE BGEIN %%%%%%%%%%% + \else + %%%%%%%%%% CIRCLE PIE BGEIN %%%%%%%%%%% + \ifpolar + \xdef\maxValue{0} + \foreach \p/\e in {#2} { + \ifnum \maxValue < \p + \xdef\maxValue{\p} + \fi + } + \pgfmathparse{\pgfpie@sum / \value{pgfpie@sliceLength}} + \xdef\polarangle{\pgfmathresult} + \pgfmathparse{\radius / sqrt(\maxValue)} + \xdef\polarRadiusUnit{\pgfmathresult} + \else + \xdef\theradius{\radius} + \fi + + \xdef\pgfpie@angleBegin{\the\pgfpie@angleEnd} + % drawing loop + \foreach \p/\t [count=\i from 0] in {#2} + { + \pgfmathsetlength{\pgfpie@angleEnd}{\pgfpie@angleBegin} + \ifpolar + % Polar area diagram + \pgfmathaddtolength{\pgfpie@angleEnd}{\polarangle} + \pgfmathparse{sqrt(\p) * \polarRadiusUnit} + \xdef\theradius{\pgfmathresult} + \else + % normal pie + \pgfmathaddtolength{\pgfpie@angleEnd}{\p} + \fi + + % find explode + \pgfpie@findExplode{\i} + + % find color + \pgfpie@findColor{\i} + \pgfpie@slice{\pgfpie@angleBegin/\pgfpie@sum*360+\rotate} + {\the\pgfpie@angleEnd/\pgfpie@sum*360+\rotate} + {\p} + {\t} + {\theexplode} + {\thecolor} + {\theradius} + {\pos} + \xdef\pgfpie@angleBegin{\the\pgfpie@angleEnd} + } + %%%%%%%%%% CIRCLE PIE END %%%%%%%%%%% + \fi + \fi + + % legend + \iflegend + \coordinate[xshift=0.8cm, + yshift=(\value{pgfpie@sliceLength}*0.5+1)*0.5cm] (legendpos) at + (current bounding box.east); + + \begin{scope}[node distance=0.5cm] + \foreach \p/\t [count=\i from 0] in {#2} + { + \pgfpie@findColor{\i} + \node[draw, fill=\thecolor, \style, below of=legendpos, label=0:\t] (legendpos) {}; + } + \end{scope} + \fi +} + +%%% End of pgf-pie.sty +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + diff --git a/doc/res/data/co2_coeff.csv b/doc/res/data/co2_coeff.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e4548ba --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/res/data/co2_coeff.csv @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +fuel,co2coeffmm +Subbituminous Coal,2.77 +Natural Gas,2.40 +Lignite,2.04 +Bituminous Coal,2.77 +Wood,1.63 +Heavy Fuel Oil,2.84 +Petroleum Coke,3.31 +Diesel,3.20 +Methane,2.80 +Light Fuel Oil,2.60 +Propane,2.77 diff --git a/doc/res/data/co2_emissions.csv b/doc/res/data/co2_emissions.csv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..303c9b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/res/data/co2_emissions.csv @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +fuel,mass [kg],co2 mass [kg],Mass [1000 t],co2 mass [1000 t] +Subbituminous Coal,24.48E+09,67.76E+09,24'479.39,677'565.11 +Natural Gas,9.78E+09,23.47E+09,9'783.89,234'748.99 +Lignite,8.85E+09,18.02E+09,8'846.53,180'224.84 +Bituminous Coal,2.90E+09,8.02E+09,2'897.52,80'200.43 +Wood,2.68E+09,4.36E+09,2'680.91,43'564.81 +Heavy Fuel Oil,649.14E+06,1.85E+09,649.14,18'455.35 +Petroleum Coke,577.52E+06,1.91E+09,577.52,19'113.61 +Diesel,136.21E+06,435.86E+06,136.21,4'358.60 +Methane,131.15E+06,367.22E+06,131.15,3'672.18 +Light Fuel Oil,41.08E+06,106.80E+06,41.08,1'068.05 +Propane,98.60E+00,272.90E+00,0.0001,0.0027 +Total,50.22E+09,126.30E+09,50'223.33,1'262'971.97 diff --git a/doc/res/data/heat_of_combustion.csv b/doc/res/data/heat_of_combustion.csv index 309078d..d914722 100644 --- a/doc/res/data/heat_of_combustion.csv +++ b/doc/res/data/heat_of_combustion.csv @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ -fuel,heat of combustion [MJ/kg] -petroleum coke,34.2 -diesel,43.3 -heavy fuel oil,41 -methane,50 -bituminous coal,31.3 -subbituminous coal,31.3 -propane,27.2 -light fuel oil,43.6 -natural gas,47.7 -lignite,22 -wood,15 +fuel,heatofcombustion +Petroleum Coke,34.2 +Diesel,43.3 +Heavy Fuel Oil,41.0 +Methane,50.0 +Bituminous Coal,31.3 +Subbituminous Coal,31.3 +Propane,27.2 +Light Fuel Oil,43.6 +Natural Gas,47.7 +Lignite,22.0 +Wood,15.0 diff --git a/doc/res/images/cam_cpt_logo.pdf b/doc/res/images/cam_cpt_logo.pdf Binary files differindex 91a12da..895bc0b 100644 --- a/doc/res/images/cam_cpt_logo.pdf +++ b/doc/res/images/cam_cpt_logo.pdf diff --git a/doc/res/images/canada_settlements.pdf b/doc/res/images/canada_settlements.pdf Binary files differindex 6fe09c5..b78995a 100644 --- a/doc/res/images/canada_settlements.pdf +++ b/doc/res/images/canada_settlements.pdf diff --git a/doc/res/images/canada_settlements_orig.pdf b/doc/res/images/canada_settlements_orig.pdf Binary files differindex 73aa1fb..779d26a 100644 --- a/doc/res/images/canada_settlements_orig.pdf +++ b/doc/res/images/canada_settlements_orig.pdf diff --git a/doc/res/srcpics/fuel_consumed_for_electric_power_generation.png b/doc/res/srcpics/fuel_consumed_for_electric_power_generation.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..810b6ea --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/res/srcpics/fuel_consumed_for_electric_power_generation.png diff --git a/doc/tex/politica.tex b/doc/tex/politica.tex index 30c2b77..7a78b64 100644 --- a/doc/tex/politica.tex +++ b/doc/tex/politica.tex @@ -20,18 +20,36 @@ Per quantificare questa grandezza andremo a calcolare quanto CO\textsubscript{2} viene emesso per ogni kWh prodotto. \subsection{Produzione Elettrica} -Partiamo quindi dalla -produzione elettrica; secondo Statistics -Canada CANSIM nel 2015 in Canada sono stati prodotti 631'682'021 MWh di -energia elettrica \cite{cansim:electricity}. Dallo stesso stesso istituto -possiamo ricavare i dati sul consumo delle centrali di produzione elettrica. -Considerando che le fonti di energia rinnovabile e il nucleare non abbiamo -emissioni, cosa non vera ma ignorabile considerando l'ordine di grandezza delle -emissioni dei combustibili fossili, si ottiene che il canada emette ogni anno -25.42E+12 tonnellate di CO\textsubscript{2} nell'atmosfera. -Il valore \`e stato calcolato utilizzando i dati sulle quantit\`a di -combustibili utilizzati dalle centrali, ai coefficenti di emssione di -CO\textsubscript{2} e ai coefficenti di potere calorico\cite{poterecalorico}. +Partiamo quindi dalla produzione elettrica; secondo Statistics Canada CANSIM +nel 2015 in Canada sono stati prodotti 631'682'021 MWh di energia elettrica +\cite{cansim:electricity}. Dallo stesso stesso istituto possiamo ricavare i +dati sul consumo delle centrali di produzione elettrica. Considerando che le +fonti di energia rinnovabile e il nucleare non abbiamo emissioni, cosa non vera +ma trascurabile considerando l'ordine di grandezza delle emissioni dei +combustibili fossili, si ottiene che il canada emette ogni anno 1.263 miliardi +di migliaia di tonnellate ($10^{15} ~t$) di CO\textsubscript{2} nell'atmosfera.Il +valore \`e stato calcolato utilizzando i dati sulle quantit\`a di combustibili +utilizzati dalle centrali, ai coefficenti di emssione di CO\textsubscript{2} e +ai coefficenti di potere calorico\cite{poterecalorico}. + +\paragraph{Potere Calorico ($\Delta_c$):} Il potere calorico o potere +calorifico indica la quantit\`a di energia che viene emessa da un materiale +durante la sua combustione. Il potere caolrico viene normalmente indicato in +$\frac{MJ}{kg}$ ma si pu\`o anche trovare in $\frac{kcal}{kg}$ (obsoleto) o in +$\frac{btu}{lb}$ (sistema imperiale). \\ + +\begin{table}[H] + \centering + \begin{tabular}{ | l r | } + \hline + \bfseries Fuel & \bfseries Heat of Combustion $\Big [\frac{MJ}{kg}\Big ]$ + \csvreader[head to column names]{res/data/heat_of_combustion.csv}{} + {\\ \hline \fuel & \csvcolii} \\ + \hline + \end{tabular} + \caption{Potere calorico delle sorgenti di energia utilizzate in Canada. + \cite{poterecalorico}} +\end{table} \paragraph{Coefficente di emissione di CO\textsubscript{2} ($k_{CO_2}$):} Come descrive il nome questo coefficente indicato come $k_{CO_2}$ indica quanto @@ -41,40 +59,30 @@ unit\`a) o in $\frac{kg}{kWh}$, nel primo caso non \`e necessario alcun passaggio intermediario mentre per il secondo \`e necessario conoscere il potere calorico del materiale. -\paragraph{Potere Calorico ($\Delta_c$):} Il potere calorico o potere -calorifico indica la quantit\`a di energia che viene emessa da un materiale -durante la sua combustione. Il potere caolrico viene normalmente indicato in -$\frac{MJ}{kg}$ ma si pu\`o anche trovare in $\frac{kcal}{kg}$ (obsoleto) o in -$\frac{btu}{lb}$ (sistema imperiale). \\ +\begin{table}[H] + \centering + \begin{tabular}{ | l r | } + \hline + \bfseries Fuel & \bfseries $k_{CO_2} ~ \Big [\frac{kg}{kg} \Big ]$ + \csvreader[head to column names]{res/data/co2_coeff.csv}{} + { \\ \hline \fuel & \csvcolii} \\ + \hline + \end{tabular} + \caption{Coefficenti di emissione dei combustibili utilizzati in Canada.} +\end{table} \begin{table}[H] \centering - \begin{tabular}{ l r r r } - \hline - {\bf Energy Source} & {\bf Mass [t]} - & {\bf k\textsubscript{CO\textsubscript{2}} [kg/kg]} - & {\bf m\textsubscript{CO\textsubscript{2}} [kg]} \\ - \hline - Natural gas & 9.78E+09 & 2.40E+03 & 23.47E+15 \\ - Imported heavy fuel oil & 360.83E+06 & 2.84E+03 & 1.03E+15 \\ - Canadian heavy fuel oil & 288.31E+06 & 2.84E+03 & 819.67E+12 \\ - Canadian subbituminous coal & 24.32E+06 & 2.77E+03 & 67.33E+12 \\ - Lignite & 8.85E+06 & 2.04E+03 & 18.02E+12 \\ - Imported bituminous coal & 2.44E+06 & 2.77E+03 & 6.75E+12 \\ - Petroleum coke & 577.52E+03 & 3.31E+03 & 1.91E+12 \\ - Canadian bituminous coal & 459.41E+03 & 2.77E+03 & 1.27E+12 \\ - Diesel & 136.21E+06 & 3.20E+00 & 435.86E+09 \\ - Methane & 131.15E+06 & 2.80E+00 & 367.22E+09 \\ - Light fuel oil & 41.08E+06 & 2.60E+00 & 106.80E+09 \\ - Wood & 2.68E+06 & 1.63E+00 & 4.36E+09 \\ - Imported subbituminous coal & 154.53E+03 & 2.30E+00 & 355.41E+06 \\ - Propane & 98.60E+00 & 2.77E+03 & 272.90E+06 \\ - \hline - \bf Total & \bf 10.78E+09 & & \bf 25.42E+15 \\ - \hline - \end{tabular} + \begin{tabular}{ | l r r | } + \hline + \bfseries Fuel & \bfseries Mass $[10^3~t]$ & \bfseries CO\textsubscript{2} $[10^3~t]$ + \csvreader[head to column names]{res/data/co2_emissions.csv}{} + { \\ \hline \fuel & \csvcoliv & \csvcolv } \\ + \hline + \end{tabular} \caption{Combustibili utilizzati dalle centrali elettriche per produrre - elettricit\`a nel 2015 \cite{cansim:electricityfuel}.} + elettricit\`a nel 2015 \cite{cansim:electricityfuel} + (dati in migliaia di tonnellate).} \end{table} Conoscendo i coefficenti calorici e i @@ -88,18 +96,15 @@ seguente formula. [kg] = [kg]\cdot \cancel{\Bigg [\frac{kg}{MJ}\Bigg ]} \cdot \cancel{\Bigg [\frac{MJ}{kg}\Bigg ]} \] -In questa tabella il coefficente di emissioni di CO\textsubscript{2} \`e gi\`a -stato convertito in kilogrammi su kilogrammi (moltiplicato per $\Delta_c$) e -sono ordinati in ordine -decrescente rispetto alla massa, che per\`o risulta valere anche nella massa di -CO\textsubscript{2} poich\`e come scritto nel capitolo della produzione il -Canada \`e un paese ancora molto dipendente dai combustibili fossili. -Infine conoscendo la produzione annua di elettricit\`a possiamo calcolare -quanto costa in termini ecologici (emissioni di CO\textsubscript{2}) ogni kWh -elettrico prodotto in Canada. + +Infine conoscendo la produzione annua di elettricit\`a possiamo (indicata +all'inizio della sottosezione) calcolare quanto costa in termini ecologici +(emissioni di CO\textsubscript{2}) ogni kWh elettrico prodotto in Canada. + \[ - \frac{25.42\cdot 10^{12}~t}{631.68\cdot 10^9~kWh} = - 40.24~\frac{kg~di~CO_2}{kWh} + \frac{1'262'971.97 \cdot 10^3 ~ t \cdot 10^3 }{631'682'021 ~ MWh \cdot 10^3} + = \frac{1.263 \cdot 10^{12} ~ kg}{631.682 \cdot 10^9 ~ kWh} + = 2.0 ~ \frac{kg~di~CO_2}{kWh} \] \subsection{Emissioni da economie domestiche (abitazioni)} |
