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%
% so2.tex -- Illustration of so(2) -> SO(2)
%
% (c) 2021 Prof Dr Andreas Müller, OST Ostschweizer Fachhochschule
% Erstellt durch Roy Seitz
%
% !TeX spellcheck = de_CH
\bgroup

\newcommand{\gSL}[2]{\ensuremath{\text{SL}(#1, \mathbb{#2})}}
\newcommand{\gSO}[1]{\ensuremath{\text{SO}(#1)}}
\newcommand{\gGL}[2]{\ensuremath{\text{GL}(#1, \mathbb #2)}}

\newcommand{\asl}[2]{\ensuremath{\mathfrak{sl}(#1, \mathbb{#2})}}
\newcommand{\aso}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathfrak{so}(#1)}}
\newcommand{\agl}[2]{\ensuremath{\mathfrak{gl}(#1, \mathbb #2)}}

\begin{frame}[t]
\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt}
\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt}
\frametitle{Von der Lie-Gruppe zur -Algebra}
\vspace{-20pt}
\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth]
\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth}
  \begin{block}{Lie-Gruppe}
    Darstellung von \gSO2:
    \begin{align*}
      \mathbb R 
      &\to 
      \gSO2
      \\
      t
      &\mapsto
      \begin{pmatrix}
        \cos t &         -\sin t \\ 
        \sin t & \phantom-\cos t
      \end{pmatrix}
    \end{align*}
  \end{block}
  \begin{block}{Ableitung am neutralen Element}
    \begin{align*}
    \frac{d}{d t}
    &
    \left.
    \begin{pmatrix}
      \cos t &         -\sin t \\ 
      \sin t & \phantom-\cos t
    \end{pmatrix}
    \right|_{ t = 0}
    \\
    =
    & 
    \begin{pmatrix} -\sin0 & -\cos0 \\ \phantom-\cos0 & -\sin0 \end{pmatrix}
    = 
    \begin{pmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ 1 &  \phantom-0 \end{pmatrix}
    \end{align*}
  \end{block}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth}
  \begin{block}{Lie-Algebra}
    Darstellung von \aso2:
    \begin{align*}
      \mathbb R 
      &\to 
      \aso2
      \\
      t
      &\mapsto
      \begin{pmatrix}
        0 &         -t \\ 
        t & \phantom-0
      \end{pmatrix}
    \end{align*}
  \end{block}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}[t]
\setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{5pt}
\setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{5pt}
\frametitle{Von der Lie-Algebra zur -Gruppe}
\vspace{-20pt}
\begin{columns}[t,onlytextwidth]
\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth}
  \begin{block}{Differentialgleichung}
    Gegeben:
    \[
    A
    =
    \dot\gamma(0) = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ 1 & \phantom-0 \end{pmatrix}
    \]
    Gesucht:
    \[ \dot \gamma (t) = \gamma(t) A \qquad \gamma \in \gSO2 \]
    \[ \Rightarrow \gamma(t) = \exp(At) \gamma(0) = \exp(At) \]
  \end{block}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.48\textwidth}
  \begin{block}{Lie-Algebra}
    Potenzen von A:
    \begin{align*}
      A^2 &= -I &
      A^3 &= -A &
      A^4 &=  I &
      \ldots
    \end{align*}
  \end{block}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
Folglich:
\begin{align*}
  \exp(At)
  &= I + At 
  + A^2\frac{t^2}{2!} 
  + A^3\frac{t^3}{3!}
  + A^4\frac{t^4}{4!}
  + A^5\frac{t^5}{5!}
  + \ldots \\
  &= \begin{pmatrix}
    \vspace*{3pt}
    1 - \frac{t^2}{2} + \frac{t^4}{4!} - \ldots
    &
    -t + \frac{t^3}{3!} - \frac{t^5}{5!} + \ldots
    \\ 
    t - \frac{t^3}{3!} + \frac{t^5}{5!} - \ldots
    &
    1 - \frac{t^2}{2!} + \frac{t^4}{4!} - \ldots
  \end{pmatrix}
  =
  \begin{pmatrix}
    \cos t &         -\sin t \\ 
    \sin t & \phantom-\cos t
  \end{pmatrix}
\end{align*}

\end{frame}
\egroup