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diff --git a/src/armadillo/include/armadillo_bits/mul_gemv.hpp b/src/armadillo/include/armadillo_bits/mul_gemv.hpp
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+++ b/src/armadillo/include/armadillo_bits/mul_gemv.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// 
+// Copyright 2008-2016 Conrad Sanderson (http://conradsanderson.id.au)
+// Copyright 2008-2016 National ICT Australia (NICTA)
+// 
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+// 
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+//! \addtogroup gemv
+//! @{
+
+
+
+//! for tiny square matrices, size <= 4x4
+template<const bool do_trans_A=false, const bool use_alpha=false, const bool use_beta=false>
+class gemv_emul_tinysq
+  {
+  public:
+  
+  
+  template<const uword row, const uword col>
+  struct pos
+    {
+    static constexpr uword n2 = (do_trans_A == false) ? (row + col*2) : (col + row*2);
+    static constexpr uword n3 = (do_trans_A == false) ? (row + col*3) : (col + row*3);
+    static constexpr uword n4 = (do_trans_A == false) ? (row + col*4) : (col + row*4);
+    };
+  
+  
+  
+  template<typename eT, const uword i>
+  arma_inline
+  static
+  void
+  assign(eT* y, const eT acc, const eT alpha, const eT beta)
+    {
+    if(use_beta == false)
+      {
+      y[i] = (use_alpha == false) ? acc : alpha*acc;
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      const eT tmp = y[i];
+      
+      y[i] = beta*tmp + ( (use_alpha == false) ? acc : alpha*acc );
+      }
+    }
+  
+  
+
+  template<typename eT, typename TA>
+  arma_cold
+  inline
+  static
+  void
+  apply( eT* y, const TA& A, const eT* x, const eT alpha = eT(1), const eT beta = eT(0) )
+    {
+    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+    
+    const eT*  Am = A.memptr();
+    
+    switch(A.n_rows)
+      {
+      case 1:
+        {
+        const eT acc = Am[0] * x[0];
+        
+        assign<eT, 0>(y, acc, alpha, beta);
+        }
+        break;
+      
+      
+      case 2:
+        {
+        const eT x0 = x[0];
+        const eT x1 = x[1];
+        
+        const eT acc0 = Am[pos<0,0>::n2]*x0 + Am[pos<0,1>::n2]*x1;
+        const eT acc1 = Am[pos<1,0>::n2]*x0 + Am[pos<1,1>::n2]*x1;
+        
+        assign<eT, 0>(y, acc0, alpha, beta);
+        assign<eT, 1>(y, acc1, alpha, beta);
+        }
+        break;
+      
+        
+      case 3:
+        {
+        const eT x0 = x[0];
+        const eT x1 = x[1];
+        const eT x2 = x[2];
+        
+        const eT acc0 = Am[pos<0,0>::n3]*x0 + Am[pos<0,1>::n3]*x1 + Am[pos<0,2>::n3]*x2;
+        const eT acc1 = Am[pos<1,0>::n3]*x0 + Am[pos<1,1>::n3]*x1 + Am[pos<1,2>::n3]*x2;
+        const eT acc2 = Am[pos<2,0>::n3]*x0 + Am[pos<2,1>::n3]*x1 + Am[pos<2,2>::n3]*x2;
+        
+        assign<eT, 0>(y, acc0, alpha, beta);
+        assign<eT, 1>(y, acc1, alpha, beta);
+        assign<eT, 2>(y, acc2, alpha, beta);
+        }
+        break;
+      
+      
+      case 4:
+        {
+        const eT x0 = x[0];
+        const eT x1 = x[1];
+        const eT x2 = x[2];
+        const eT x3 = x[3];
+        
+        const eT acc0 = Am[pos<0,0>::n4]*x0 + Am[pos<0,1>::n4]*x1 + Am[pos<0,2>::n4]*x2 + Am[pos<0,3>::n4]*x3;
+        const eT acc1 = Am[pos<1,0>::n4]*x0 + Am[pos<1,1>::n4]*x1 + Am[pos<1,2>::n4]*x2 + Am[pos<1,3>::n4]*x3;
+        const eT acc2 = Am[pos<2,0>::n4]*x0 + Am[pos<2,1>::n4]*x1 + Am[pos<2,2>::n4]*x2 + Am[pos<2,3>::n4]*x3;
+        const eT acc3 = Am[pos<3,0>::n4]*x0 + Am[pos<3,1>::n4]*x1 + Am[pos<3,2>::n4]*x2 + Am[pos<3,3>::n4]*x3;
+        
+        assign<eT, 0>(y, acc0, alpha, beta);
+        assign<eT, 1>(y, acc1, alpha, beta);
+        assign<eT, 2>(y, acc2, alpha, beta);
+        assign<eT, 3>(y, acc3, alpha, beta);
+        }
+        break;
+      
+      
+      default:
+        ;
+      }
+    }
+    
+  };
+
+
+
+class gemv_emul_helper
+  {
+  public:
+  
+  template<typename eT, typename TA>
+  arma_hot
+  inline
+  static
+  typename arma_not_cx<eT>::result
+  dot_row_col( const TA& A, const eT* x, const uword row, const uword N )
+    {
+    eT acc1 = eT(0);
+    eT acc2 = eT(0);
+    
+    uword i,j;
+    for(i=0, j=1; j < N; i+=2, j+=2)
+      {
+      const eT xi = x[i];
+      const eT xj = x[j];
+      
+      acc1 += A.at(row,i) * xi;
+      acc2 += A.at(row,j) * xj;
+      }
+    
+    if(i < N)
+      {
+      acc1 += A.at(row,i) * x[i];
+      }
+    
+    return (acc1 + acc2);
+    }
+  
+  
+  
+  template<typename eT, typename TA>
+  arma_hot
+  inline
+  static
+  typename arma_cx_only<eT>::result
+  dot_row_col( const TA& A, const eT* x, const uword row, const uword N )
+    {
+    typedef typename get_pod_type<eT>::result T;
+    
+    T val_real = T(0);
+    T val_imag = T(0);
+    
+    for(uword i=0; i<N; ++i)
+      {
+      const std::complex<T>& Ai = A.at(row,i);
+      const std::complex<T>& xi = x[i];
+      
+      const T a = Ai.real();
+      const T b = Ai.imag();
+      
+      const T c = xi.real();
+      const T d = xi.imag();
+      
+      val_real += (a*c) - (b*d);
+      val_imag += (a*d) + (b*c);
+      }
+    
+    return std::complex<T>(val_real, val_imag);
+    }
+  
+  };
+
+
+
+//! \brief
+//! Partial emulation of BLAS gemv().
+//! 'y' is assumed to have been set to the correct size (ie. taking into account the transpose)
+
+template<const bool do_trans_A=false, const bool use_alpha=false, const bool use_beta=false>
+class gemv_emul
+  {
+  public:
+  
+  template<typename eT, typename TA>
+  arma_hot
+  inline
+  static
+  void
+  apply( eT* y, const TA& A, const eT* x, const eT alpha = eT(1), const eT beta = eT(0) )
+    {
+    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+    
+    const uword A_n_rows = A.n_rows;
+    const uword A_n_cols = A.n_cols;
+    
+    if(do_trans_A == false)
+      {
+      if(A_n_rows == 1)
+        {
+        const eT acc = op_dot::direct_dot_arma(A_n_cols, A.memptr(), x);
+        
+             if( (use_alpha == false) && (use_beta == false) )  { y[0] =       acc;             }
+        else if( (use_alpha == true ) && (use_beta == false) )  { y[0] = alpha*acc;             }
+        else if( (use_alpha == false) && (use_beta == true ) )  { y[0] =       acc + beta*y[0]; }
+        else if( (use_alpha == true ) && (use_beta == true ) )  { y[0] = alpha*acc + beta*y[0]; }
+        }
+      else
+      for(uword row=0; row < A_n_rows; ++row)
+        {
+        const eT acc = gemv_emul_helper::dot_row_col(A, x, row, A_n_cols);
+        
+             if( (use_alpha == false) && (use_beta == false) )  { y[row] =       acc;               }
+        else if( (use_alpha == true ) && (use_beta == false) )  { y[row] = alpha*acc;               }
+        else if( (use_alpha == false) && (use_beta == true ) )  { y[row] =       acc + beta*y[row]; }
+        else if( (use_alpha == true ) && (use_beta == true ) )  { y[row] = alpha*acc + beta*y[row]; }
+        }
+      }
+    else
+    if(do_trans_A == true)
+      {
+      if(is_cx<eT>::no)
+        {
+        for(uword col=0; col < A_n_cols; ++col)
+          {
+          // col is interpreted as row when storing the results in 'y'
+          
+          
+          // const eT* A_coldata = A.colptr(col);
+          // 
+          // eT acc = eT(0);
+          // for(uword row=0; row < A_n_rows; ++row)
+          //   {
+          //   acc += A_coldata[row] * x[row];
+          //   }
+          
+          const eT acc = op_dot::direct_dot_arma(A_n_rows, A.colptr(col), x);
+          
+               if( (use_alpha == false) && (use_beta == false) )  { y[col] =       acc;               }
+          else if( (use_alpha == true ) && (use_beta == false) )  { y[col] = alpha*acc;               }
+          else if( (use_alpha == false) && (use_beta == true ) )  { y[col] =       acc + beta*y[col]; }
+          else if( (use_alpha == true ) && (use_beta == true ) )  { y[col] = alpha*acc + beta*y[col]; }
+          }
+        }
+      else
+        {
+        Mat<eT> AA;
+        
+        op_htrans::apply_mat_noalias(AA, A);
+        
+        gemv_emul<false, use_alpha, use_beta>::apply(y, AA, x, alpha, beta);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  
+  };
+
+
+
+//! \brief
+//! Wrapper for BLAS gemv function, using template arguments to control the arguments passed to gemv.
+//! 'y' is assumed to have been set to the correct size (ie. taking into account the transpose)
+
+template<const bool do_trans_A=false, const bool use_alpha=false, const bool use_beta=false>
+class gemv
+  {
+  public:
+  
+  template<typename eT, typename TA>
+  inline
+  static
+  void
+  apply_blas_type( eT* y, const TA& A, const eT* x, const eT alpha = eT(1), const eT beta = eT(0) )
+    {
+    arma_extra_debug_sigprint();
+    
+    if( (A.n_rows <= 4) && (A.n_rows == A.n_cols) && (is_cx<eT>::no) )
+      {
+      gemv_emul_tinysq<do_trans_A, use_alpha, use_beta>::apply(y, A, x, alpha, beta);
+      }
+    else
+      {
+      #if defined(ARMA_USE_ATLAS)
+        {
+        arma_debug_assert_atlas_size(A);
+        
+        if(is_cx<eT>::no)
+          {
+          // use gemm() instead of gemv() to work around a speed issue in Atlas 3.8.4
+          
+          arma_extra_debug_print("atlas::cblas_gemm()");
+          
+          atlas::cblas_gemm<eT>
+            (
+            atlas_CblasColMajor,
+            (do_trans_A) ? ( is_cx<eT>::yes ? atlas_CblasConjTrans : atlas_CblasTrans ) : atlas_CblasNoTrans,
+            atlas_CblasNoTrans,
+            (do_trans_A) ? A.n_cols : A.n_rows,
+            1,
+            (do_trans_A) ? A.n_rows : A.n_cols,
+            (use_alpha) ? alpha : eT(1),
+            A.mem,
+            A.n_rows,
+            x,
+            (do_trans_A) ? A.n_rows : A.n_cols,
+            (use_beta) ? beta : eT(0),
+            y,
+            (do_trans_A) ? A.n_cols : A.n_rows
+            );
+          }
+        else
+          {
+          arma_extra_debug_print("atlas::cblas_gemv()");
+          
+          atlas::cblas_gemv<eT>
+            (
+            atlas_CblasColMajor,
+            (do_trans_A) ? ( is_cx<eT>::yes ? atlas_CblasConjTrans : atlas_CblasTrans ) : atlas_CblasNoTrans,
+            A.n_rows,
+            A.n_cols,
+            (use_alpha) ? alpha : eT(1),
+            A.mem,
+            A.n_rows,
+            x,
+            1,
+            (use_beta) ? beta : eT(0),
+            y,
+            1
+            );
+          }
+        }
+      #elif defined(ARMA_USE_BLAS)
+        {
+        arma_extra_debug_print("blas::gemv()");
+        
+        arma_debug_assert_blas_size(A);
+        
+        const char      trans_A     = (do_trans_A) ? ( is_cx<eT>::yes ? 'C' : 'T' ) : 'N';
+        const blas_int  m           = blas_int(A.n_rows);
+        const blas_int  n           = blas_int(A.n_cols);
+        const eT        local_alpha = (use_alpha) ? alpha : eT(1);
+        //const blas_int  lda         = A.n_rows;
+        const blas_int  inc         = blas_int(1);
+        const eT        local_beta  = (use_beta) ? beta : eT(0);
+        
+        arma_extra_debug_print( arma_str::format("blas::gemv(): trans_A = %c") % trans_A );
+        
+        blas::gemv<eT>
+          (
+          &trans_A,
+          &m,
+          &n,
+          &local_alpha,
+          A.mem,
+          &m,  // lda
+          x,
+          &inc,
+          &local_beta,
+          y,
+          &inc
+          );
+        }
+      #else
+        {
+        gemv_emul<do_trans_A, use_alpha, use_beta>::apply(y,A,x,alpha,beta);
+        }
+      #endif
+      }
+    
+    }
+  
+  
+  
+  template<typename eT, typename TA>
+  arma_inline
+  static
+  void
+  apply( eT* y, const TA& A, const eT* x, const eT alpha = eT(1), const eT beta = eT(0) )
+    {
+    gemv_emul<do_trans_A, use_alpha, use_beta>::apply(y,A,x,alpha,beta);
+    }
+  
+  
+  
+  template<typename TA>
+  arma_inline
+  static
+  void
+  apply
+    (
+          float* y,
+    const TA&    A,
+    const float* x,
+    const float  alpha = float(1),
+    const float  beta  = float(0)
+    )
+    {
+    gemv<do_trans_A, use_alpha, use_beta>::apply_blas_type(y,A,x,alpha,beta);
+    }
+  
+  
+  
+  template<typename TA>
+  arma_inline
+  static
+  void
+  apply
+    (
+          double* y,
+    const TA&     A,
+    const double* x,
+    const double  alpha = double(1),
+    const double  beta  = double(0)
+    )
+    {
+    gemv<do_trans_A, use_alpha, use_beta>::apply_blas_type(y,A,x,alpha,beta);
+    }
+  
+  
+  
+  template<typename TA>
+  arma_inline
+  static
+  void
+  apply
+    (
+          std::complex<float>* y,
+    const TA&                  A,
+    const std::complex<float>* x,
+    const std::complex<float>  alpha = std::complex<float>(1),
+    const std::complex<float>  beta  = std::complex<float>(0)
+    )
+    {
+    gemv<do_trans_A, use_alpha, use_beta>::apply_blas_type(y,A,x,alpha,beta);
+    }
+
+
+  
+  template<typename TA>
+  arma_inline
+  static
+  void
+  apply
+    (
+          std::complex<double>* y,
+    const TA&                   A,
+    const std::complex<double>* x,
+    const std::complex<double>  alpha = std::complex<double>(1),
+    const std::complex<double>  beta  = std::complex<double>(0)
+    )
+    {
+    gemv<do_trans_A, use_alpha, use_beta>::apply_blas_type(y,A,x,alpha,beta);
+    }
+
+
+  
+  };
+
+
+//! @}