summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
-rw-r--r--.gitignore368
-rw-r--r--LICENSE.txt428
-rw-r--r--ph2hat_zf.pdfbin0 -> 79000 bytes
-rw-r--r--ph2hat_zf.tex478
4 files changed, 1274 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daa0042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+
+# Created by https://www.gitignore.io/api/vim,tex,linux,macos,windows
+# Edit at https://www.gitignore.io/?templates=vim,tex,linux,macos,windows
+
+### Linux ###
+*~
+
+# temporary files which can be created if a process still has a handle open of a deleted file
+.fuse_hidden*
+
+# KDE directory preferences
+.directory
+
+# Linux trash folder which might appear on any partition or disk
+.Trash-*
+
+# .nfs files are created when an open file is removed but is still being accessed
+.nfs*
+
+### macOS ###
+# General
+.DS_Store
+.AppleDouble
+.LSOverride
+
+# Icon must end with two \r
+Icon
+
+# Thumbnails
+._*
+
+# Files that might appear in the root of a volume
+.DocumentRevisions-V100
+.fseventsd
+.Spotlight-V100
+.TemporaryItems
+.Trashes
+.VolumeIcon.icns
+.com.apple.timemachine.donotpresent
+
+# Directories potentially created on remote AFP share
+.AppleDB
+.AppleDesktop
+Network Trash Folder
+Temporary Items
+.apdisk
+
+### TeX ###
+## Core latex/pdflatex auxiliary files:
+*.aux
+*.lof
+*.log
+*.lot
+*.fls
+*.out
+*.toc
+*.fmt
+*.fot
+*.cb
+*.cb2
+.*.lb
+
+## Intermediate documents:
+*.dvi
+*.xdv
+*-converted-to.*
+# these rules might exclude image files for figures etc.
+# *.ps
+# *.eps
+# *.pdf
+
+## Generated if empty string is given at "Please type another file name for output:"
+.pdf
+
+## Bibliography auxiliary files (bibtex/biblatex/biber):
+*.bbl
+*.bcf
+*.blg
+*-blx.aux
+*-blx.bib
+*.run.xml
+
+## Build tool auxiliary files:
+*.fdb_latexmk
+*.synctex
+*.synctex(busy)
+*.synctex.gz
+*.synctex.gz(busy)
+*.pdfsync
+
+## Build tool directories for auxiliary files
+# latexrun
+latex.out/
+
+## Auxiliary and intermediate files from other packages:
+# algorithms
+*.alg
+*.loa
+
+# achemso
+acs-*.bib
+
+# amsthm
+*.thm
+
+# beamer
+*.nav
+*.pre
+*.snm
+*.vrb
+
+# changes
+*.soc
+
+# comment
+*.cut
+
+# cprotect
+*.cpt
+
+# elsarticle (documentclass of Elsevier journals)
+*.spl
+
+# endnotes
+*.ent
+
+# fixme
+*.lox
+
+# feynmf/feynmp
+*.mf
+*.mp
+*.t[1-9]
+*.t[1-9][0-9]
+*.tfm
+
+#(r)(e)ledmac/(r)(e)ledpar
+*.end
+*.?end
+*.[1-9]
+*.[1-9][0-9]
+*.[1-9][0-9][0-9]
+*.[1-9]R
+*.[1-9][0-9]R
+*.[1-9][0-9][0-9]R
+*.eledsec[1-9]
+*.eledsec[1-9]R
+*.eledsec[1-9][0-9]
+*.eledsec[1-9][0-9]R
+*.eledsec[1-9][0-9][0-9]
+*.eledsec[1-9][0-9][0-9]R
+
+# glossaries
+*.acn
+*.acr
+*.glg
+*.glo
+*.gls
+*.glsdefs
+
+# uncomment this for glossaries-extra (will ignore makeindex's style files!)
+# *.ist
+
+# gnuplottex
+*-gnuplottex-*
+
+# gregoriotex
+*.gaux
+*.gtex
+
+# htlatex
+*.4ct
+*.4tc
+*.idv
+*.lg
+*.trc
+*.xref
+
+# hyperref
+*.brf
+
+# knitr
+*-concordance.tex
+# TODO Comment the next line if you want to keep your tikz graphics files
+*.tikz
+*-tikzDictionary
+
+# listings
+*.lol
+
+# luatexja-ruby
+*.ltjruby
+
+# makeidx
+*.idx
+*.ilg
+*.ind
+
+# minitoc
+*.maf
+*.mlf
+*.mlt
+*.mtc[0-9]*
+*.slf[0-9]*
+*.slt[0-9]*
+*.stc[0-9]*
+
+# minted
+_minted*
+*.pyg
+
+# morewrites
+*.mw
+
+# nomencl
+*.nlg
+*.nlo
+*.nls
+
+# pax
+*.pax
+
+# pdfpcnotes
+*.pdfpc
+
+# sagetex
+*.sagetex.sage
+*.sagetex.py
+*.sagetex.scmd
+
+# scrwfile
+*.wrt
+
+# sympy
+*.sout
+*.sympy
+sympy-plots-for-*.tex/
+
+# pdfcomment
+*.upa
+*.upb
+
+# pythontex
+*.pytxcode
+pythontex-files-*/
+
+# tcolorbox
+*.listing
+
+# thmtools
+*.loe
+
+# TikZ & PGF
+*.dpth
+*.md5
+*.auxlock
+
+# todonotes
+*.tdo
+
+# vhistory
+*.hst
+*.ver
+
+# easy-todo
+*.lod
+
+# xcolor
+*.xcp
+
+# xmpincl
+*.xmpi
+
+# xindy
+*.xdy
+
+# xypic precompiled matrices
+*.xyc
+
+# endfloat
+*.ttt
+*.fff
+
+# Latexian
+TSWLatexianTemp*
+
+## Editors:
+# WinEdt
+*.bak
+*.sav
+
+# Texpad
+.texpadtmp
+
+# LyX
+*.lyx~
+
+# Kile
+*.backup
+
+# KBibTeX
+*~[0-9]*
+
+# auto folder when using emacs and auctex
+./auto/*
+*.el
+
+# expex forward references with \gathertags
+*-tags.tex
+
+# standalone packages
+*.sta
+
+### TeX Patch ###
+# glossaries
+*.glstex
+
+### Vim ###
+# Swap
+[._]*.s[a-v][a-z]
+[._]*.sw[a-p]
+[._]s[a-rt-v][a-z]
+[._]ss[a-gi-z]
+[._]sw[a-p]
+
+# Session
+Session.vim
+Sessionx.vim
+
+# Temporary
+.netrwhist
+
+# Auto-generated tag files
+tags
+
+# Persistent undo
+[._]*.un~
+
+# Coc configuration directory
+.vim
+
+### Windows ###
+# Windows thumbnail cache files
+Thumbs.db
+Thumbs.db:encryptable
+ehthumbs.db
+ehthumbs_vista.db
+
+# Dump file
+*.stackdump
+
+# Folder config file
+[Dd]esktop.ini
+
+# Recycle Bin used on file shares
+$RECYCLE.BIN/
+
+# Windows Installer files
+*.cab
+*.msi
+*.msix
+*.msm
+*.msp
+
+# Windows shortcuts
+*.lnk
+
+# End of https://www.gitignore.io/api/vim,tex,linux,macos,windows
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a73481c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
+
+=======================================================================
+
+Creative Commons Corporation ("Creative Commons") is not a law firm and
+does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of
+Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or
+other relationship. Creative Commons makes its licenses and related
+information available on an "as-is" basis. Creative Commons gives no
+warranties regarding its licenses, any material licensed under their
+terms and conditions, or any related information. Creative Commons
+disclaims all liability for damages resulting from their use to the
+fullest extent possible.
+
+Using Creative Commons Public Licenses
+
+Creative Commons public licenses provide a standard set of terms and
+conditions that creators and other rights holders may use to share
+original works of authorship and other material subject to copyright
+and certain other rights specified in the public license below. The
+following considerations are for informational purposes only, are not
+exhaustive, and do not form part of our licenses.
+
+ Considerations for licensors: Our public licenses are
+ intended for use by those authorized to give the public
+ permission to use material in ways otherwise restricted by
+ copyright and certain other rights. Our licenses are
+ irrevocable. Licensors should read and understand the terms
+ and conditions of the license they choose before applying it.
+ Licensors should also secure all rights necessary before
+ applying our licenses so that the public can reuse the
+ material as expected. Licensors should clearly mark any
+ material not subject to the license. This includes other CC-
+ licensed material, or material used under an exception or
+ limitation to copyright. More considerations for licensors:
+ wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensors
+
+ Considerations for the public: By using one of our public
+ licenses, a licensor grants the public permission to use the
+ licensed material under specified terms and conditions. If
+ the licensor's permission is not necessary for any reason--for
+ example, because of any applicable exception or limitation to
+ copyright--then that use is not regulated by the license. Our
+ licenses grant only permissions under copyright and certain
+ other rights that a licensor has authority to grant. Use of
+ the licensed material may still be restricted for other
+ reasons, including because others have copyright or other
+ rights in the material. A licensor may make special requests,
+ such as asking that all changes be marked or described.
+ Although not required by our licenses, you are encouraged to
+ respect those requests where reasonable. More considerations
+ for the public:
+ wiki.creativecommons.org/Considerations_for_licensees
+
+=======================================================================
+
+Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public
+License
+
+By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree
+to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons
+Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public
+License"). To the extent this Public License may be interpreted as a
+contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights in consideration of Your
+acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the Licensor grants You
+such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor receives from
+making the Licensed Material available under these terms and
+conditions.
+
+
+Section 1 -- Definitions.
+
+ a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar
+ Rights that is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material
+ and in which the Licensed Material is translated, altered,
+ arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in a manner requiring
+ permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the
+ Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed
+ Material is a musical work, performance, or sound recording,
+ Adapted Material is always produced where the Licensed Material is
+ synched in timed relation with a moving image.
+
+ b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright
+ and Similar Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in
+ accordance with the terms and conditions of this Public License.
+
+ c. BY-SA Compatible License means a license listed at
+ creativecommons.org/compatiblelicenses, approved by Creative
+ Commons as essentially the equivalent of this Public License.
+
+ d. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights
+ closely related to copyright including, without limitation,
+ performance, broadcast, sound recording, and Sui Generis Database
+ Rights, without regard to how the rights are labeled or
+ categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the rights
+ specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar
+ Rights.
+
+ e. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the
+ absence of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws
+ fulfilling obligations under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright
+ Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, and/or similar international
+ agreements.
+
+ f. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or
+ any other exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights
+ that applies to Your use of the Licensed Material.
+
+ g. License Elements means the license attributes listed in the name
+ of a Creative Commons Public License. The License Elements of this
+ Public License are Attribution and ShareAlike.
+
+ h. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database,
+ or other material to which the Licensor applied this Public
+ License.
+
+ i. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the
+ terms and conditions of this Public License, which are limited to
+ all Copyright and Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the
+ Licensed Material and that the Licensor has authority to license.
+
+ j. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights
+ under this Public License.
+
+ k. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or
+ process that requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such
+ as reproduction, public display, public performance, distribution,
+ dissemination, communication, or importation, and to make material
+ available to the public including in ways that members of the
+ public may access the material from a place and at a time
+ individually chosen by them.
+
+ l. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright
+ resulting from Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of
+ the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases,
+ as amended and/or succeeded, as well as other essentially
+ equivalent rights anywhere in the world.
+
+ m. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights
+ under this Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.
+
+
+Section 2 -- Scope.
+
+ a. License grant.
+
+ 1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License,
+ the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free,
+ non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to
+ exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to:
+
+ a. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or
+ in part; and
+
+ b. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.
+
+ 2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where
+ Exceptions and Limitations apply to Your use, this Public
+ License does not apply, and You do not need to comply with
+ its terms and conditions.
+
+ 3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section
+ 6(a).
+
+ 4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The
+ Licensor authorizes You to exercise the Licensed Rights in
+ all media and formats whether now known or hereafter created,
+ and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. The
+ Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or
+ authority to forbid You from making technical modifications
+ necessary to exercise the Licensed Rights, including
+ technical modifications necessary to circumvent Effective
+ Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License,
+ simply making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)
+ (4) never produces Adapted Material.
+
+ 5. Downstream recipients.
+
+ a. Offer from the Licensor -- Licensed Material. Every
+ recipient of the Licensed Material automatically
+ receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the
+ Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this
+ Public License.
+
+ b. Additional offer from the Licensor -- Adapted Material.
+ Every recipient of Adapted Material from You
+ automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to
+ exercise the Licensed Rights in the Adapted Material
+ under the conditions of the Adapter's License You apply.
+
+ c. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose
+ any additional or different terms or conditions on, or
+ apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the
+ Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the
+ Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed
+ Material.
+
+ 6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or
+ may be construed as permission to assert or imply that You
+ are, or that Your use of the Licensed Material is, connected
+ with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted official status by,
+ the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution as
+ provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).
+
+ b. Other rights.
+
+ 1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not
+ licensed under this Public License, nor are publicity,
+ privacy, and/or other similar personality rights; however, to
+ the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not to
+ assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited
+ extent necessary to allow You to exercise the Licensed
+ Rights, but not otherwise.
+
+ 2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this
+ Public License.
+
+ 3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to
+ collect royalties from You for the exercise of the Licensed
+ Rights, whether directly or through a collecting society
+ under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory
+ licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly
+ reserves any right to collect such royalties.
+
+
+Section 3 -- License Conditions.
+
+Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the
+following conditions.
+
+ a. Attribution.
+
+ 1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified
+ form), You must:
+
+ a. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor
+ with the Licensed Material:
+
+ i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed
+ Material and any others designated to receive
+ attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by
+ the Licensor (including by pseudonym if
+ designated);
+
+ ii. a copyright notice;
+
+ iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
+
+ iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of
+ warranties;
+
+ v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the
+ extent reasonably practicable;
+
+ b. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and
+ retain an indication of any previous modifications; and
+
+ c. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this
+ Public License, and include the text of, or the URI or
+ hyperlink to, this Public License.
+
+ 2. You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any
+ reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and context in
+ which You Share the Licensed Material. For example, it may be
+ reasonable to satisfy the conditions by providing a URI or
+ hyperlink to a resource that includes the required
+ information.
+
+ 3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the
+ information required by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent
+ reasonably practicable.
+
+ b. ShareAlike.
+
+ In addition to the conditions in Section 3(a), if You Share
+ Adapted Material You produce, the following conditions also apply.
+
+ 1. The Adapter's License You apply must be a Creative Commons
+ license with the same License Elements, this version or
+ later, or a BY-SA Compatible License.
+
+ 2. You must include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, the
+ Adapter's License You apply. You may satisfy this condition
+ in any reasonable manner based on the medium, means, and
+ context in which You Share Adapted Material.
+
+ 3. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms
+ or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological
+ Measures to, Adapted Material that restrict exercise of the
+ rights granted under the Adapter's License You apply.
+
+
+Section 4 -- Sui Generis Database Rights.
+
+Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that
+apply to Your use of the Licensed Material:
+
+ a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right
+ to extract, reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial
+ portion of the contents of the database;
+
+ b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database
+ contents in a database in which You have Sui Generis Database
+ Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database
+ Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material,
+
+ including for purposes of Section 3(b); and
+ c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share
+ all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.
+
+For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not
+replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed
+Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.
+
+
+Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.
+
+ a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE
+ EXTENT POSSIBLE, THE LICENSOR OFFERS THE LICENSED MATERIAL AS-IS
+ AND AS-AVAILABLE, AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF
+ ANY KIND CONCERNING THE LICENSED MATERIAL, WHETHER EXPRESS,
+ IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHER. THIS INCLUDES, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
+ WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS,
+ ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ERRORS, WHETHER OR NOT
+ KNOWN OR DISCOVERABLE. WHERE DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES ARE NOT
+ ALLOWED IN FULL OR IN PART, THIS DISCLAIMER MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
+
+ b. TO THE EXTENT POSSIBLE, IN NO EVENT WILL THE LICENSOR BE LIABLE
+ TO YOU ON ANY LEGAL THEORY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,
+ NEGLIGENCE) OR OTHERWISE FOR ANY DIRECT, SPECIAL, INDIRECT,
+ INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHER LOSSES,
+ COSTS, EXPENSES, OR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS PUBLIC LICENSE OR
+ USE OF THE LICENSED MATERIAL, EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN
+ ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES, OR
+ DAMAGES. WHERE A LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IS NOT ALLOWED IN FULL OR
+ IN PART, THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
+
+ c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
+ above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent
+ possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and
+ waiver of all liability.
+
+
+Section 6 -- Term and Termination.
+
+ a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and
+ Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with
+ this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License
+ terminate automatically.
+
+ b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
+ Section 6(a), it reinstates:
+
+ 1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided
+ it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the
+ violation; or
+
+ 2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.
+
+ For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any
+ right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations
+ of this Public License.
+
+ c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the
+ Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop
+ distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so
+ will not terminate this Public License.
+
+ d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
+ License.
+
+
+Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.
+
+ a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different
+ terms or conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.
+
+ b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
+ Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and
+ independent of the terms and conditions of this Public License.
+
+
+Section 8 -- Interpretation.
+
+ a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and
+ shall not be interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose
+ conditions on any use of the Licensed Material that could lawfully
+ be made without permission under this Public License.
+
+ b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
+ deemed unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the
+ minimum extent necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision
+ cannot be reformed, it shall be severed from this Public License
+ without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and
+ conditions.
+
+ c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
+ failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the
+ Licensor.
+
+ d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted
+ as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities
+ that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal
+ processes of any jurisdiction or authority.
+
+
+=======================================================================
+
+Creative Commons is not a party to its public
+licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of
+its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances
+will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons
+public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public
+Domain Dedication. Except for the limited purpose of indicating that
+material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as
+otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at
+creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the
+use of the trademark "Creative Commons" or any other trademark or logo
+of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including,
+without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications
+to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements,
+understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For
+the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the
+public licenses.
+
+Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.
+
diff --git a/ph2hat_zf.pdf b/ph2hat_zf.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..328183f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ph2hat_zf.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/ph2hat_zf.tex b/ph2hat_zf.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55c9a33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ph2hat_zf.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+\documentclass[a4paper, twocolumn]{article}
+
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{amsthm}
+% \usepackage{bm}
+
+\numberwithin{equation}{section}
+
+\usepackage{array}
+\usepackage{parskip}
+\usepackage{booktabs}
+
+\usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}
+
+\usepackage{siunitx}
+
+\usepackage{xcolor}
+\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
+ linkcolor = red!50!black,
+ urlcolor = blue,
+ citecolor = black,
+ anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
+
+\usepackage{polyglossia}
+\setmainlanguage{german}
+
+
+\newtheoremstyle{hsr-def}%
+ {1em}% above
+ {1em}% below
+ {}% body
+ {0pt}% indent
+ {}% headfont
+ { }% headpunkt
+ { }% headspace
+ {\textsc{\thmname{#1} \thmnumber{#2}.} \textbf{\thmnote{#3}}}% headspec
+
+\newtheoremstyle{hsr-sub}%
+ {1em}% above
+ {1em}% below
+ {}% body
+ {0pt}% indent
+ {}% headfont
+ { }% headpunkt
+ { }% headspace
+ {\textsl{\thmname{#1} \thmnumber{#2}.} \textbf{\thmnote{#3}}}% headspec
+
+\newtheoremstyle{hsr-unnum}%
+ {1em}% above
+ {1em}% below
+ {}% body
+ {0pt}% indent
+ {}% headfont
+ { }% headpunkt
+ { }% headspace
+ {\textsc{\thmname{#1}} \textbf{\thmnote{#3}}}% headspec
+
+\theoremstyle{hsr-def}
+\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}[section]
+
+\theoremstyle{hsr-sub}
+\newtheorem{result}{Folgerung}[definition]
+\newtheorem{example}{Beispiel}[definition]
+
+\theoremstyle{hsr-unnum}
+\newtheorem{remark}{Bemerkung}[definition]
+
+
+\newcommand{\dd}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathrm{d}#1}}
+\newcommand{\di}[1]{\,\dd{#1}}
+\newcommand{\deriv}[2]{\ensuremath{\frac{\dd{#1}}{\dd{#2}}}}
+\newcommand{\pderiv}[2]{\ensuremath{\frac{\partial #1}{\partial #2}}}
+
+\renewcommand{\vec}[1]{\ensuremath{\mathbf{#1}}}
+\newcommand{\uvec}[1]{\ensuremath{\vec{\hat{#1}}}}
+
+\newcommand{\unitsof}[1]{\ensuremath{\left[\,#1\,\right]}}
+
+
+
+\begin{document}
+\section{Einf\"uhrung}
+
+\begin{definition}[Fluid]
+Fl\"ussigkeiten und Gase werden under dem Oberbegriff \emph{Fluide} zusammengefasst.
+\end{definition}
+
+% \begin{description}
+% \item[Isotherm]
+% \item[Isobar]
+% \item[Isotrop]
+% \end{description}
+
+
+\begin{definition}[Druck und Schubspannung]
+F\"ur einfache F\"alle der Cauchy Spannugstensor kann zu zwei Skalare \(p\) und \(\tau\) vereinfacht werden, sie werden Dr\"uck bzw. Schubspannung genannt.
+\begin{align*}
+ pA
+ &= \vec{F}\cdot\uvec{n}
+ = F_\perp
+ &
+ \tau A
+ &= \vec{F}\cdot\uvec{T}
+ = F_\parallel
+ \stackrel{\text{statik}}{=} 0
+ \\
+ \unitsof{p} &= \si{\newton\per\square\metre} = \si{\pascal}
+\end{align*}
+
+\begin{result}[Gesetzt von Pascal]
+In ruhenden Fluiden \(\tau = 0\), somit ist die Kraft immer senkrecht.
+\end{result}
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{definition}[Dichte] Ist die Masse pro Volumeneinheit.
+\[
+ \varrho = \frac{m}{V} \qquad \unitsof{\varrho} = \si{\kilo\gram\per\cubic\metre}
+\]
+\end{definition}
+
+\section{Hydrostatik}
+
+\begin{definition}[Schweredruck]
+\begin{equation} \label{eqn:hydrostatic-pressure}
+ \dd{p} = \varrho \vec{g} \cdot \dd{\vec{y}} = - \varrho g \dd{y}
+\end{equation}
+
+\begin{result}[Hydrostatischer Druck]
+F\"ur Fl\"ussigkeiten, da die Dichte konstant ist folgt:
+\[
+ p = \varrho g h
+\]
+\end{result}
+
+\begin{result}[Schweredruck eines Gase]
+Angenommen dass, die Dichte nur von Druck abh\"angt (barotrop)
+\[
+ \varrho(p) = \varrho_0 \frac{p}{p_0}
+\]
+Die L\"osung von \eqref{eqn:hydrostatic-pressure} ergibt die \emph{Barometrische H\"ohenformel} f\"ur eine isotherme Atmosp\"are.
+\[
+ p(h) = p_0 \exp\left(-\frac{\varrho_0}{p_0} gh\right)
+\]
+\end{result}
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{definition}[Gesetz von Boyle-Mariotte]
+% \label{def:boyle-mariotte}
+F\"ur ein ideales Gas gilt bei konstanter Temperatur
+\[
+ pV = (\text{konstant})
+\]
+
+\begin{result}
+Die Dichte ist proportional zum Druck
+\[
+ \frac{V_2}{V_1} = \frac{p_1}{p_2} = \frac{\varrho_1}{\varrho_2}
+\]
+\end{result}
+\end{definition}
+
+
+\begin{definition}[Kompressibilit\"at]
+Die Druckerh\"ohung \(\Delta p\) bewirkt in einem Fluid stets eine Volumenabname.
+Die relative Volumen\"anderung ist proportional zur Druck\"anderung
+\[
+ \Delta V / V = - \kappa \Delta p
+\]
+
+\begin{remark}
+ Eine ideale Fl\"ussigkeit ist reibungsfrei und inkompressibel.
+\end{remark}
+
+\begin{remark}
+ In einer idealen Fl\"ussigkeit ist die Dichte konstant.
+\end{remark}
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{definition}[Statische Auftriebskraft] Auch als Archimedische Prinzip bekannt.
+\[
+ F_A = G_f = \varrho_f V_k g
+ \qquad
+ \uvec{F}_a = - \uvec{g}
+\]
+Der auftrieb eines in ein Fluid eingetauchen K\"orper ist gleich dem Gewicht des von ihm verdr\"angten Fluids.
+\end{definition}
+
+\subsection{Grenzfl\"acheneffekte}
+
+\begin{definition}[Oberfl\"achenspannung]
+Zwischen zwei Atomen oder Molek\"ulen tritt die \emph{Van der Waals}-Kraft.
+An der Oberfl\"ache der Fl\"ussigkeit ist der mittlere Abstand der Molek\"ule etwas gr\"osser als im Innern. Das bewirkt eine Parallel zur Oberfl\"ache gerichtete anzihende Kraft zwischen den Molek\"ulen.
+\[
+ \sigma = \frac{F}{\ell}
+ \qquad
+ \unitsof{\sigma} = \si{\newton\per\metre}
+\]
+\begin{remark}
+Die Oberfl\"achenspannung kann auch als \emph{spezifische Oberf\"achenenergie} bezeichnet werden.
+\[
+ \sigma
+ = \frac{\Delta W}{\Delta A}
+ = \frac{F\Delta s}{\ell \Delta s}
+ = \frac{F}{\ell}
+\]
+Die \emph{Oberfl\"achenenergie} ist ein Ma{\ss} f\"ur die Energie, die zum Aufbrechen der chemischen Bindungen notwendig ist, wenn eine neue Oberfl\"ache einer Fl\"ussigkeit oder eines Festkörpers erzeugt wird.
+\end{remark}
+
+\begin{result}[Grenzfl\"achenspannung]
+Bei einer Vergr\"osserung der Grenzfl\"ache muss Arbeit geleistet werden, da die Grenzfl\"achenenergie vergr\"ossert wird.
+Es gibt dann auch die Grenzfl\"achenspannungen
+\(
+ \sigma_\text{sl},
+ \sigma_\text{sg},
+ \sigma_\text{lg}
+\) (fl\"ussig = liquid, fest = solid, gas) die zwischen Festk\"orper und Fl\"ussigkeit wirken. \(\varphi\) ist dann der \emph{Kontaktwinkel}, und die Geometrie ergibt die Beziehung
+\[
+ \sigma_\text{sg} = \sigma_\text{sl} + \sigma_\text{lg} \cos \varphi
+\]
+\end{result}
+
+\begin{example}[Druck in Seifenblase]
+\[
+ p = \frac{2\sigma}{r}
+\]
+\end{example}
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{definition}[Kapillarit\"at]
+Allgemein an die Grenze gilt:
+\[
+ F_\text{Oberfl\"ache} = F_{G,\text{Fl\"ussigkeit}}
+\]
+\begin{example}[In einem Rohr (Zylinder)]
+\[
+ 2\pi r\sigma = \varrho\pi r^2 hg \implies h = \frac{2\sigma}{\varrho g r}
+\]
+\end{example}
+\end{definition}
+
+\section{Hydrodynamik}
+\subsection{Einf\"uhrung}
+\begin{definition}[Kontinuit\"atsgleichung]
+\begin{equation} \label{eqn:continuity}
+ \pderiv{}{t}\int_V \varrho \di{V}
+ = \oint_{\partial V} \varrho \vec{v}\cdot\di{\vec{s}}
+\end{equation}
+
+\begin{result}[Ideales Fluid]
+Da die Dichte konstant ist (inkompressibel), man kann \eqref{eqn:continuity} durch \(\varrho\) teilen und folgt:
+\[
+ \dot{V} = \int_A \vec{v}\cdot\di{\vec{s}} = vA
+ \qquad
+ \unitsof{\dot{V}} = \si{\cubic\metre\per\second}
+\]
+\end{result}
+
+% \begin{remark}[Differentialform]
+% \[
+% \nabla \cdot (\varrho \vec{v}) + \pderiv{\varrho}{t} = 0
+% \]
+% \end{remark}
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{definition}[Bernoulli Gleichung]
+Der Term \(\varrho v^2 / 2\) wird \emph{dynamische Druck} genannt.
+\[
+ p + \varrho g h + \frac{\varrho}{2} v^2 = (\text{Konstant})
+\]
+
+\begin{remark}
+Bernoulli gilt f\"ur inkompressible Fluide, und gen\"ugt f\"ur Fl\"ussigkeite und Gase, sofern \(v \ll \) Schallgeschwidigkeit.
+\end{remark}
+
+\begin{result}
+\begin{gather*}
+ p_1 + \varrho g h_1 + \frac{\varrho}{2} v_1^2
+ =
+ p_2 + \varrho g h_2 + \frac{\varrho}{2} v_1^2
+ \\
+ \text{oder}\quad -\Delta p = \varrho g \Delta h + \frac{\varrho}{2} \Delta \left( v^2 \right)
+\end{gather*}
+\end{result}
+
+\begin{result}
+Wo die Geschwindigkeit am schnellsten ist, dort ist die Druck am tiefsten.
+\end{result}
+
+\end{definition}
+
+\subsection{Reale Str\"omungen}
+
+\begin{definition}[Newtonsche Reibungsgesetz]
+Die Proportionalit\"atskonstante \(\eta\) wird \emph{dynamische Viskosit\"at} oder \emph{Z\"ahingkeit} genannt.
+\begin{gather*}
+ \tau = \eta \deriv{v}{z}
+ \stackrel{!}{=} \frac{F_\parallel}{A} \\
+ \unitsof{\eta}
+ = \si{\kilo\gram\per\metre\second}
+ = \si{\newton\second\per\metre}
+ = \si{\pascal\second}
+\end{gather*}
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{definition}[Formel von Stokes]
+(Stokes'sche Reibung) Reibungskraft einer Kugel im \"Ol
+\[
+ F_R = 6\pi\eta Rv_0
+\]
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{definition}[Laminare Rohrstr\"omung]
+Lauten die Gleichgewichtsbedingungen f\"ur die Kr\"afte innerhalb des Zylinders.
+\begin{align*}
+ F_\text{Res,Druck} - F_\text{Reib} & = 0 \\
+ \pi r^2 (p_1 - p_2) - 2\pi rl\tau &= 0
+\end{align*}
+
+\begin{result}[Geschwindigkeitsverteilung]
+Innerhalb des Zylinders (\(r\) von \(0\) bis \(R\))
+\[
+ v(r) = \frac{\Delta p}{4\eta\ell}\left(R^2-r^2\right)
+\]
+\end{result}
+
+\begin{result}[Gesetz von Hagen Poiseuille]
+\[
+ \dot{V} = \frac{\pi\Delta p R^4}{8\eta\ell}
+\]
+\end{result}
+
+\begin{remark}
+Bei einer Zunahme des Rohrradius wird nicht nur die zur Verf\"ugung stehende Querschnittsfl\"ache gr\"osser, sondern zugleich w\"achst in der Rohrmitte auch die maximale Geschwindigkeit.
+\end{remark}
+\end{definition}
+
+\subsection{Turbulente Str\"omung}
+
+\begin{definition}[Reynolds Zahl]
+Ist ein dimensionslose Koeffizient aus der \emph{Navier-Stokes} Gleichung, der das Verh\"altnis zwischen kinetischer Energie des Fluides und dessen innerer Reibung (proportional zur Viskosit\"at) beschreibt.
+\[
+ \mathcal{R} = \frac{E_k}{E_r} = \frac{\varrho}{\eta} v^*\ell^*
+ %\frac{\Delta p}{\tau}
+\]
+\(v^*, \ell^*\) sind eine charakteristische L\"ange bzw. Geschwindigkeit. Sie sind dimensionslose Variablen f\"ur geometrische und physikalische Gr\"ossen.
+
+\begin{result}[Rohrstr\"omung]
+Wird bei der Str\"omung durch ein Rohr mit kreisf\"ormigem Querschnitt der Durchmesser \(d\) als charakteristische Abmessung gew\"ahlt, sot ist die Reynolds-Zahl
+\[
+ \mathcal{R} = \frac{\varrho v d}{\eta}
+\]
+\end{result}
+
+\begin{result}[Kritische \(\mathcal{R}\)]
+
+\end{result}
+\end{definition}
+
+\begin{definition}[Druckwiederstand]
+\end{definition}
+
+
+Druckdifferenz
+\[
+ \Delta p \propto \varrho \Delta v \cdot \bar{v}
+\]
+
+Schubspannung
+\[
+ \tau \propto \eta\frac{\Delta V}{\ell}
+\]
+
+
+Prandtl'sche Genzschicht
+\[
+ D = \sqrt{\frac{\eta\ell}{\varrho v}}
+\]
+
+Druckabfall laminar
+\[
+ \Delta p = 32\eta\ell \frac{v}{d^2}
+\]
+
+\(\lambda\) nach Blasius, \emph{turulent}
+\[
+ \lambda_\text{t} = \frac{0.316}{\sqrt[4]{\mathcal{R}}}
+\]
+
+\(\lambda\) nach Hagen-Poiseuille, \emph{laminar}
+\[
+ \lambda_\text{l} = \frac{64}{\mathcal{R}}
+\]
+
+Turbulente Rohrst\"omung, je nach turbulent oder laminares \(\lambda\)
+\[
+ \Delta p = \lambda \frac{\varrho\ell}{2d} v^2
+\]
+
+\section*{Kapitel 6}
+Druckwiederstand
+\[
+ F_D = c_W \frac{\varrho}{2}v^2 A_\perp
+\]
+
+Auftriebskraft nach Kutta-Jukowski
+\[
+ F_A = \varrho v \ell \Gamma
+\]
+
+Zirkulation
+\[
+ \Gamma = \oint \vec{v} \di{\vec{l}}
+\]
+
+Induzierter Widerstand
+\[
+ F_W = \dot{c}_W \frac{\varrho}{2} v^2 A_\parallel
+\]
+
+Dynamischer Auftrieb
+\[
+ F_A = c_A \frac{\varrho}{2} v^2 A_\perp
+\]
+
+Gleitwinkel
+\[
+ \tan(\varphi) = \frac{F_W}{F_A} = \frac{c_W}{c_A} = \frac{v_V}{v_H}
+\]
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{2}
+\bibitem{hsr}
+ \textsc{Hochschule f\"ur Technik Rapperswil (HSR)}.
+ \textit{\texttt{Ph2HAT} Vorlesungen und die dazugeh\"orige Unterlagen,}
+ Sourlier David,
+ Fr\"uhlingssemester 2020,
+ Rapperswil.
+
+\bibitem{bucher-ruh}
+ \textsc{Arthur Ruh, Benno Bucher}.
+ \textit{Physik 1: Mechanik, Fluide, W\"armelehre}.
+ Vol I, HSR, 2014, Rapperswil.
+
+\bibitem{feynman1}
+ \textsc{Richard Feynman}.
+ \textit{Mainly Mechanics, radiation, and heat}.
+ \textit{The Feynman Lectures on Physics},
+ Leighton, Sands,
+ New Millenium Edition,
+ Vol I,
+ Basic Books,
+ California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
+
+\bibitem{feynman2}
+ \textsc{Richard Feynman}.
+ \textit{Mainly electromagnetism and matter}.
+ \textit{The Feynman Lectures on Physics},
+ Leighton, Sands,
+ New Millenium Edition,
+ Vol II,
+ Basic Books,
+ California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+
+\section*{License}
+{ \tt
+Ph2HAT-ZF (c) by Naoki Pross
+\\\\
+Ph2HAT-ZF is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Unported License.
+\\\\
+You should have received a copy of the license along with this work. If not, see
+\\\\
+{\small\url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/}}
+}
+
+\end{document}